"泛神论"之与泰戈尔和郭沫若

“泛神论”本是指流行于16—18世纪欧洲资产阶级革命时期的一种哲学学说。泰戈尔和郭沫若,都受西方文化的影响,因为各自不同的民族环境,对泛神论的取向向度有着很大的不同,郭沫若早期文学思想尽管深受泰戈尔的影响,但“泛神论”在泰戈尔来说是他的宇宙观,而在郭沫若则是一种哲学观。     

作为运动与作为学术的民间文学

一本文所谓的“民间文学”,是与“作家文学”相对的概念。当一个具体的文学文本被视为一个或多个人的“个人”创作,该“个人”对该文本具有自始至终的“著作权”时,该作品就被称作“作家文学”,哪怕该作家只是“佚名”或“无名氏”;     

Why peace can be as difficult as war

The book under review fills an important gap in examining American foreign policy during the years between the fall of the Berlin Wall and the events of September 11, 2001. It documents American reactions to the events during and after 1989 and explains some of the difficult foreign policy choices facing the US during the 1990s. It also describes how the mid-1990s came to be seen by some as 'an age of anxiety'. The book largely focuses on the thinking of the foreign policy elites and, in the opinion of this reviewer, might have said more about American domestic politics at this time. The rise of the conservative movement, the belief in the unfettered free market, and the seemingly unconditional support for Israel were largely rooted in domestic politics but had important foreign policy implications. One paradox, so this reviewer argues, was the way in which some in the West—the Cold War victors—seemed disorientated or even demoralized by their own victory. One underlying problem, implicit in this book, is that of achieving cohesion in the absence of a common enemy. For that reason peace can sometimes be as difficult as war.     

知识人的社会是呈现及其意义--关于江南民间社会中南社的考察

以近代思想观念的生产和扩散为职志的南社,与民间社会的近代变迁存在着怎样的关联?需要我们重新思考.从历史-社会学的视角考察,南社世界以两种方式加以呈现内向呈现,指向南社自身,局限于团体私域,着力展现的是南社人的生活世界;外向呈现,指向南社圈外的民间社会,由此伸延至作为社团存在环境的公共领域,着力展现的是他们的观念世界.南社世界不同的呈现方式对于民间社会的近代变迁有着完全不同的意义.     

Contraception. Not as safe as you think

The condom has generally been accepted as protective both against unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. New evidence based on a study of 4000 women found that diaphragms were the most effective against gonorrhea and chlamydia having 65% and 72% less risk respectively. The contraceptive sponge lowered risk by 13% for chlamydia and 65% for gonorrhea. Condoms lowered risk only 3$ for chlamydia and 34% for gonorrhea. These findings were suggested by researchers to be due possibly to women's more consistent and efficient use of diaphragms and sponges, rather than the devices themselves. Another study of IUD use by WHO among 20,000 women on 5 continents showed that the risk of pelvic inflammation was higher in younger women and incidence of inflammation was greater during the first 20 days after IUD insertion. Incidence of inflammation decreased after the 20-day initial period of insertion. Of the 4000 users in the study from China, there were no reported cases of pelvic disease attributed to the IUD. Chinese women use 70% of the 84 million IUDs used worldwide. Prior reports from the 1970s and 1980s had identified the IUD as having an increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease.     

Replication as Religious Practice,Temporality as Religious Problem

This article explores how religious communities actualize the virtual problem of temporality. Analysing two case studies from contemporary America, Mormon Trek re-enactment and a creationist theme park re-creating Noah’s ark, I argue that replication is a strategy for constructing a relationship with time in which a strict past–present divide is collapsed through affective means. This work contributes to comparative studies in the anthropology of religion and temporalizing the past.     

西藏次仁切阿雪山博物馆

藏文化中“自然与人”的关系密不可分是藏民族文化精髓的重要组成部分。“次仁切阿”就源自喜马拉雅山脉的什么传说。几千年来,在藏族先民与青藏高原的和谐相处中,形成了特有的生活方式和民族文化。藏文化中“自然与人”的关系密不可分,是藏民族文化精髓的重要组成部分。“次仁切阿”就源自喜马拉雅山脉的神秘传说。     

Critique as delight,theory as praxis,mucking in

In this commentary, I call for a regenerative approach to critique, a ‘good judgment’ through which academics might nurture the capacity to name and undermine racist, patriarchal, colonising, and homophobic practices, while working relationally to create new worlds. Drawing from Eva Sedgwick's critique of ‘paranoid theory’ and taking inspiration from post‐colonial, feminist, and anti‐racist social movements and research collectives, I consider what it might mean to be an academic who ‘mucks in’, who is not afraid of putting her hands in the dung, and who moves reflexively towards, rather than away from, difficult questions and risky engagements.     

Anthropology as jester

Disciplines from sociology to economics have claimed to be the queen of the social sciences. Lévi‐Strauss asserted the same for anthropology. Instead of competing for a royal position, we might better describe ourselves as the court jester who mocks and mimics accepted behaviour.     

如菊（外三首）

悠然南山，我离得太远。 但我知道，我是南山的一坯黄土，裹着腐朽的草叶，情愿在九月守候成那一派萧瑟，就你的韵香，望着蓝天。     

Marseille as model

Les Grammaires d'une ville: Essai sur la genèse des structures urbaines à Marseille. By Marcel Roncayolo (Paris: EHESS, 1996), 507 pp., FF 380, paper.     

Museums as Leisure

Museums are shifting from a focus upon education alone towards an accommodation of leisure markets. The authors do not consider these concepts of education and leisure, often presented as oppositional, to be irreconcilable within museum practice. Nevertheless, it is apparent that museum practice is changing, in part as a response to the pressures and opportunities of becoming assimilated into leisure markets, predominantly, but not only, as touristic attractions and often as key resources in local economic development. Stakeholders such as users, citizens or governments appear to be unconcerned about these changes in emphasis, whilst some within professional museum practice (also stakeholders) do not wholeheartedly welcome the moves. The authors argue that, historically, museums have been attributed a role in 'entertaining' users and that, in part at least, this was accepted by practitioners where the primary orientation was acquisition and conservation within the project of modernity. In such circumstances, the consumption of museum services was seen as mainly for academic, or educational, utility. More recently, consumption of museums shows evidence of being at least equally associated with meaning as well as utility, i.e. that exhibitions contribute to the assembly of particular lifestyles associated with touristic behaviour.     

Lincoln as Commander-in-Chief

Abstract

Abraham Lincoln's presidency was defined and dominated by war, yet Lincoln himself had very little direct experience with warfare; nor had the American presidency been truly tested by war when he took office. Lincoln had to negotiate very difficult political and constitutional terrain as he waged the Civil War: issues of executive authority, constitutional powers and their limitations, and the nature of civil liberties during war constantly bedeviled him. His guiding principle in all these matters, and the greatest lesson we can learn from him today, was his flexibility and his pragmatism.