清代贵州巴香卫初考

明清卫、所设立与改裁,事关朝廷战略部署,对各地历史发展影响深远.朝廷在贵州先后设置过多少卫、所？大家会认为这是一个极其简单的常识.不过常识的背后,往往隐藏着一些容易被我们所忽视的东西.如此说来,清初的贵州“巴香卫”,便是这样一个被我们忽视了多年的历史存在.本文力图从文献研究与田野调查两个方面,分析探索巴香卫在贵州历史上的真实存在以及卫治所在、设裁原因.     

保护生物多样性 世界才能更多彩

<正>世界自然保护协会、联合国环境规划总署和世界野生动物基金会强调:"无论对人类有何用处,各个物种都应该受到敬重,保护生物多样性是一项原则。"全球复杂的自然条件、丰富的气候资源,加之较古老的地质历史,孕育了极其丰富的植物、动物和微生物物种,形成了纷繁多彩的生态组合。正是因为有这种巨大的生物多样性种群,才构成了生机勃勃的多彩世界。所谓生物多样性,指的是地球上     

保护生物多样性 世界才能更多彩

正世界自然保护协会、联合国环境规划总署和世界野生动物基金会强调:"无论对人类有何用处,各个物种都应该受到敬重,保护生物多样性是一项原则。"全球复杂的自然条件、丰富的气候资源,加之较古老的地质历史,孕育了极其丰富的植物、动物和微生物物种,形成了纷繁多彩的生态组合。正是因为有这种巨大的生物多样性种群,才构成了生机勃勃的多彩世界。所谓生物多样性,指的是地球上     

诗意哥斯达黎加 美如天堂的“中美洲花园”

<正>哥斯达黎加,面积5万多平方公里,占到地球表面的0.03%,但生物种类却占到全世界的5%。25%以上的国土被原始森林覆盖,堪称动植物王国。这里是个被自然和上帝眷顾的"大花园",处处是让人心旷神怡的自然景色,美到令人心醉!世界上绝无仅有的奇特树种哥斯达黎加西临太平洋,东接大西洋,因此我很幸运地见识了加勒比海和太平洋的美丽风光。碧海蓝天,一望     

The Impact of Economic Activity on Climate

The effect of human activity on climate is examined against the background of a rapid increase in the production of man-made heat, which is likely to reach a magnitude of the order of the natural radiation balance on the earth's surface. The microclimate of cities is particularly affected by the production of industrial heat and by the heating of buildings in winter. Deforestation of large areas in conjunction with the expansion of agriculture has an impact on climate. The impact of shelterbelts is analyzed in detail, together with the effect of irrigation, swamp drainage and the creation of large reservoirs.     

论古代战争对政治权力的影响——以战利品赏赐与人力资源为例

本文从三个方面分析了战争与政治权力的关系,并以战利品的赏赐和人力资源的利用为例,探讨了古代战争对政治权力的影响。作者的论点是：战争可以通过各种物质因素影响政治权力。战争需要从多方面进行投资,其结果也直接影响国家的物质基础。赏赐战利品对王权产生双重影响,既可以激励士兵,提高军人的忠诚度,也可以导致军人压力集团的形成或军心涣散,从而削弱王权。新的人力资源（战俘、奴隶和臣民）为巩固王权提供了便利条件。作者认为对殉葬的传统解释过分强调政治层面而忽略了这一现象的宗教文化因素。     

略论民国初年的日本士官学校留学毕业生

留学日本士官学校的学生是近代留学潮中的特殊群体,他们人数众多,分布广泛,留学活动连绵不断,从事专业相对集中。作为群体,他们构成了影响民国政局的权力集团,掌握着重要的军权、政权乃至中央权力;他们参加了辛亥革命、护国运动、护法运动、北伐战争,成为进步活动的中流砥柱;也参加了争权、割据与混战,成为纷乱的重要源泉。事实证明,留学生正在摆脱边缘化的境遇,进入主流社会;留学生可能为进步贡献力量,也可能成为进步的阻碍。     

论清代史馆修史、幕府修史及私家修史的互动

在清代,史馆、幕府和私家这三类修史形式一直是并存发展的。在治史范围和思想倾向上,三者有明显差异,史馆基本上垄断了国史和当代史的纂修,幕府修史的范围则随着政治环境和幕主个人兴趣的变化而变化,私家修史对社会变迁特别敏感,其研究范围往往最能体现时代特点。同时,这三类修史形式又因为幕主的政治身份和学人们的流动而发生联系,从而使不同的史学思想、修史理念在之间传播、交流。在具体的修史活动中,三者一直处在互动状态,史馆修史或刺激、或打压幕府、私家的修史活动,始终处于主导地位,决定着幕府、私家修史的盛衰消长,而幕府、私家修史在某种程度上也迫使官方不断调整修史政策,以适应社会的变化。     

The Archaeology of Food and Social Diversity

This article reviews current archaeological research on the interactions between food and intrasocietal diversity. Today’s archaeology of food and diversity is theoretically diverse but generally views food as biologically necessary and cognitively prominent material culture that plays an active role in constructing and negotiating social distinctions. Areal foci in the literature include Europe, Southwest Asia, Mesoamerica, the U.S. Southwest, and the Andes; thematic emphases include economic, status, ethnic, gender, and religious distinctions. Methodological issues that must be considered when assessing the social implications of food remains include not only the contexts and characters of specific samples but also the integration of multiple data sets that may all differ with respect to their taphonomic histories and the aspects of food behavior they reflect.     

The Positive Impact of Cultural Globalization on China

Along with the development of the information technology, people with different cultures are living together.Hence, there are both positive and negative influences. The former one can help to promote the development of a nation, but the later one can let people feel confused about their culture or even forget it. In the following parts, I focus on the positive influences.According to my humble analysis, we need to seek harmony without uniformity.     

愿为细雨润心田——记解放军第四医院感染科主任、土族军医童成民

他若是一滴水,会滋润一颗沙砾,但他希望自己是一场雨,滋润更多的土地,哪怕是蒸发掉自己。——采访手记童成民,这是一个曾经多么熟悉的名字,尤其是在2003年全国那     

The Strategic Significance of Workforce Diversity in Museums

This paper considers increasing international interest, both academic and professional, in the implications and strategic significance of workforce diversity. Drawing on research that has been undertaken principally within the field of human resource management, as well as the experiences of museum sectors internationally, the paper explores the rationale behind, and potential efficacy of, recent initiatives to enhance cultural diversity within the UK museum sector through an approach characterised by the use of positive or affirmative action. It is argued that workforce diversity will become increasingly important to the sector as, in response to changing socio-political agendas, museums are required to assume new roles as agents of social inclusion. The paper concludes by broadening the concept of ?diversity management' (which has emerged from the field of human resource management) to take account of the museum's unique goals and functions and presents a conceptual framework within which the dynamic interrelationships between diversity within a museum's workforce, audiences and programmes can be considered.