台湾屏东高士排湾旧社遗址的研究与思考

"旧社"是台湾原住民的一类特殊的文化遗产,是原住民社会文化变迁过程中聚落的迁徙和内涵形态发展的结果 ,与特定现生族群的口传"记忆"与文化直接关联,是考古学与民族学之间的共同课题。台湾大学人类学系主任陈玛玲教授的《台湾屏东高士排湾旧社遗址的研究与思考》,展示了她在屏东县牡丹乡高士村排湾族"南排"Palilalirao群的Saqacengalj、Cacevakan、Aumagan等三个石板屋旧社遗址的调查研究成果,着力空间分析,详细记录旧社聚落内不同形态至房舍的位置关系与布局,并通过聚落环境、家屋排列、形态分类、构造特点、文化内涵等,分析三聚落的异同及与"北排"的差异,并思考了考古学旧社研究的方法论问题,在台湾考古学、民族学上价值不菲,在华南其他族群的民族考古学上也有重要的启示。     

水与城:成都平原史前聚落形态研究综述

为了探索正在急剧消失的成都平原"林盘"聚落形态与史前聚落的关系,本文借由聚落考古与环境考古,比较集中地综览了平原上史前各聚落城址之间的历时性共性,对史前城址聚落群与成都平原的地貌、水系、文化习尚、宗教信仰等关系的研究,以及各聚落城址的内部特征予以研究述评,以求探究成都平原上这种"林盘"聚落形态与史前聚落城址及水的关系。     

江西省金溪县石坑遗址考古调查简报

石坑遗址是"江西抚河流域先秦遗址考古调查"的新发现。该遗址是一处典型的坡地型山岗类聚落,通过对采集陶器的初步分析,判断该遗址的年代为商代晚期至春秋时期。石坑遗址的发现为区域文化序列建立与聚落形态研究都提供了十分重要的实物资料。     

江西省金溪县渣溪遗址考古调查简报

渣溪遗址是"江西抚河流域先秦遗址考古调查"的新发现,是一处典型的坡地型山岗类聚落,从采集遗物与周边遗址比较来看,该遗址所获遗存年代跨度较大,年代集中在新石器时代末期、西周晚期和春秋时期。渣溪遗址的发现为区域文化序列建立与聚落形态研究都提供了十分重要的实物资料。     

张掖西城驿冶金遗址调查报告

西城驿遗址地处河西走廊中部,调查初步确定该遗址是一处与早期铜冶金相关的聚落遗址,年代大致在2000BC-3600BC之间。调查采集到大量齐家文化、四坝文化和"过渡类型"时期的陶器、石器及矿石、炉渣、铜颗粒等遗物,对于开展齐家文化、四坝文化和"过渡类型"之间的关系及这一时期河西走廊地区的铜冶金研究具有重要意义。     

马鞍山采石河流域区域系统调查初步报告

2006～2007两年间,中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系等单位组织调查队对安徽马鞍山采石河流域进行了两次调查。调查人员采用区域系统调查法,调查了新石器时代晚期,点将台、湖熟文化时期和六朝至明清时期的遗址共24处。在调查的基础上,调查队从聚落形态的角度考察这些遗址群,分析聚落分布和演变的规律以及人类活动与自然环境的关系,总结了聚落变迁的轨迹和原因。     

陕西传统堡寨聚落类型研究

针对"传统堡寨聚落"这一重要的人类聚落形态,文章选择相关遗存丰富的陕西地区作为研究重点,以典型实例为依托,分别从"自然地理"与"社会人文"两种角度展开分项类型研究,归纳总结各类型的聚落结构特征。揭示出堡寨聚落物质硬防卫与精神软防卫的双重性格。最后,强调指出类型多样的堡寨聚落及其丰富遗存成为陕西地区的特色,应及时针对这一不可再生的文化资源开展的系统研究。     

安徽泗县于庄遗址顺山集文化时期稻作农业与植被景观初探

近年来,顺山集文化多处环壕聚落开展了系统考古发掘与研究工作。针对生业经济与地方性植被景观的分析与重建,取得一定成果,但缺乏对顺山集文化不同地貌类型和聚落形态的相应比较。本文立足一处经区域系统调查发现的顺山集文化小型聚落,继续探索人为堆积的取样方法,开展微体植物遗存分析,揭示其所反映的稻作农业和植被景观,为认识新石器时代中期淮河中下游地区的人地关系提供对比材料。     

白音长汗遗址二期乙类遗存A、B两区聚落对比分析

白音长汗遗址二期乙类遗存为该遗址的主体文化遗存,是兴隆洼文化地方类型的典型代表。通过对二期乙类遗存A、B两区聚落的对比分析,可以得出两处聚落是属于同一时期、同一文化性质的聚落群体,两者之间可能是一种"土著"和"移民"的族群关系。两处聚落拥有各自不同的形成过程,在内部的控制或管理机制上可能存在一定的差异,以至于在聚落布局、生产方式和埋葬习俗上都呈现出不同的发展状况。     

论渭河流域新石器时代晚期的聚落级差

本文通过对渭河流域新石器时代晚期诸多聚落遗址的调查和分析,并据现有考古学资料,揭示出该流域聚落间不同社会阶段的发展水平以及差异性的规模化发展梯次,进而总结出渭河流域远古文化不同阶段的聚落演进状况,以及处于其中心地位聚落的历史变迁的文化现象。     

Archaeological geophysical survey of a Prehistoric Bronze Age site in Cyprus (Alambra <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mouttes</Emphasis>)—applications and limitations

The University of Queensland Alambra Archaeological Mission (UQAAM) conducted a program of geophysical survey and archaeological excavation over four seasons from 2012 to 2016. This program has allowed this study to compile a large array of geophysical data, which has been tested against actual excavation results. By integrating the two forms of archaeological investigation, the UQAAM has been able to identify geophysical ‘signatures’ diagnostic and indicative of internal architectural features relating to the Cypriot Prehistoric Bronze Age (c2400–1750BC). This is the first time internal features have been identified using these techniques on a Middle Bronze Age site in Cyprus. The program has also identified two, and possibly four, areas of domestic settlement. This has yielded results that are of considerable value to cultural heritage managers of the site, which is experiencing development pressures. While identifying several constraints with the geophysical survey for the Prehistoric Bronze Age in Cyprus, the program has demonstrated the efficacy of a combined geophysical survey and excavation approach to sites of the Early-Middle Bronze Age period.     

FARMERS,HERDERS OR TRADESMEN? ANALYSING SETTLEMENT PATTERNS OF THE MIDDLE AND LATE BRONZE AGE ON THE SARFIROUZABAD PLAIN,KERMANSHAH, WESTERN IRAN

The highland plains of western Iran have been investigated with varying intensity. The Sarfirouzabad Plain located in the south of Kermanshah province, although visited perfunctorily, has not previously been studied systematically, despite attractive ecological and environmental conditions. In 2009, a team from Tehran University conducted a systematic and intensive field survey in the region to identify Bronze Age settlements and to assess their location in relation to ecological, environmental and cultural factors that may have impacted their distribution on the plain. The surveyed area was walked in transects at 20‐metre intervals and resulted in the identification of 332 archaeological sites from different cultural periods, which added much to the limited knowledge about the history of this region. Twenty‐four of these settlement sites belong to the Middle and Late Bronze Age horizons. This study uses GIS to map the distribution of archaeological materials and construct spatial models to determine the significance of the distribution patterns of the Bronze Age sites.     

Investigating Human Migration and Horse‐Trading in Yelang (夜郎) Through Strontium Isotope Analysis of Skeletons from Zhougshui Sites,South‐West China (1300 bc – ad 25)

Yelang (夜郎), a mysterious state located in the south‐western area of early China and dating from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age (1300 bc – ad 25), is a cultural interactive junction between the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau and the Yangtze River Basin. The Zhongshui Basin in Weining County, Guizhou Province, was one of the important distribution areas of the Yelang civilization. This area, which includes sites at Jigongshan (鸡公山; 1300 – 800 bc ), Hongyingpan (红营盘; 700 – 400 bc ) and Yinzitan (银子坛; 400 bc – ad 25), has provided a very integrated chronology, spanning from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age in the eastern Yunnan – western Guizhou area. To investigate human migration and horse‐trading at these Yelang sites, we conducted a strontium isotopic analysis on the teeth enamel of humans and horses unearthed from these three sites. The results indicated the following: (1) people at the earlier sites (Jigongshan and Hongyingpan) were all indigenous, whereas in the Yinzitan cemetery, there was a more immigrant population, and all the people who were buried in an upper limb flexed supine position were non‐local; and (2) most of the horses found at the Jigongshan and Yinzitan sites show different provenances, probably related to the famous Dian (滇) and Zuo (筰) horses recorded in historical documents, providing more clues for further study on horse‐trading in South‐West China during the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age.     

香港地区史前考古与生态环境的研究

香港地区的史前考古一经起步就十分注重环境考古的研究;从本世纪三十年代初开始至今,学者们不断地探讨着不同地貌与遗址的关系,并就香港新生代晚期以来的环境、气候、海平面升降变迁等作出了系统科学的结论。考古学家进一步从贝丘遗址中贝类软体动物遗存的变化,推断出先民们从新石器时代到青铜时代、甚至汉代的生产和生活方式的演进历程。     

Scratching beneath iconographic and textual clues: A reconsideration of the social hierarchy in the Dian culture of Southwestern China

The use of historical texts to interpret archaeological data is a common practice in Chinese archaeology. The selective use of archaeological material as evidential support to textual accounts can however project a limited view of ancient societies, where social behavior from distinct contexts are conflated to produce a single coherent narrative. This paper addresses this prevalent interpretational approach to the Dian polity, a Bronze Age culture located in southwestern China, through a systematic analysis of the mortuary evidence from four cemeteries. Results from the multivariate analysis are contrasted against the textual and iconographic materials to provide a more comprehensive understanding of Dian social organization and to demonstrate social patterning that challenges conceptions about the nature of Dian social hierarchy.     

Development and Decline of the Bampur Valley,Based on the New Archaeological Evidence from Prehistoric Period

This paper consists of some of the findings of the authors during their research at prehistoric sites of Bampur and its surrounding areas in August 2011. These areas, which have been introduced as Bampur-related sites, comprise an area about of 5–10 kilometers and belong to the Bronze Age. The paper introduces, categorizes and analyzes the archaeological findings in relation to the Bampur collection. The archaeological findings show that: (1) unlike the previous belief, there existed a peak settlement dated back to the Chah Husseini period which was prior to Bampur I; (2) in fact, Bampur II–IV had larger populations due to growth of trade and commerce and their relations with Yahya and Mesopotamia; (3) the later periods of the Bampur collection show a decreasing number of sites at Bampur VI.     

Prehistoric Seal Hunting on Lake Baikal: Methodology and Preliminary Results of the Analysis of Canine Sections

A number of archaeological sites on Lake Baikal revealed evidence of Neolithic and Bronze Age seal hunting. A collection of 35 canines from four sites was used to develop a methodology for analysing growth increments of canine dentine for the purpose of examining aspects of prehistoric seal hunting. Results from this preliminary analysis indicate that seal hunting at these sites was a seasonal activity confined to spring and early summer. Baikal seals were probably hunted in early spring for their meat, blubber and furs, and later in the season for their meat and skins.     

新疆沙湾宁家河水库墓地发掘简报

宁家河水库墓地位于新疆塔城地区沙湾县克孜勒乔克村。2011年6~8月,新疆文物考古研究所对墓地进行了抢救性发掘,共清理墓葬115座,出土有陶、金、银、铜、铁、石、骨器等。墓葬类型丰富,可分为竖穴石室墓、竖穴偏室墓、竖穴土坑墓、无墓室墓,各自具有鲜明的文化特征。这些墓葬的年代属于青铜时代中晚期、早期铁器时代、汉代、唐至元四个时期。本次发掘为研究天山北麓考古学文化序列及文化交流提供了新资料。     

滇文化与北方地区文化及族群关系研究

滇文化是战国至西汉时期位于云贵高原滇池区域的一支风格独特的考古学文化,以数量众多、特征鲜明的青铜器、金器、玉石器等闻名于世,是中国青铜文化的一朵奇葩。从文化特征来看,既有源自云贵高原新石器时代文化的特征,也有大量来自周边地区如中原、巴蜀、岭南等文化的影响,还有来自更为遥远的欧亚草原、南亚甚至西亚地区的因素,因此滇文化是杂糅了大量其他地区文化因素的一支复合型文化。其中,北方地区的文化因素占据了较为重要的地位,使其显得与周边一些典型农业民族的青铜文化差异较大,呈现出独特的地方特色。     

SLAVES IN BRONZE AGE SOUTHERN SCANDINAVIA?

The article proposes that unfree labour was an integral part of Bronze Age society. The presence of the unfree (thralls or even slaves) in prehistoric societies has rarely been discussed and never in the light of archaeological evidence. The article is based on empirical material from 333 fully excavated house remains from 120 sites in the Viborg area in northwest Jutland, Denmark. Based on the reconstructed size of these longhouses, the location of fireplaces, entrances and the subdivision of space, it is suggested that farmsteads, in general, had two, often clearly separated habitation units. In the Early Bronze Age, a longhouse was usually subdivided into two parts, and during the Late Bronze Age, this subdivision manifested in the construction of two longhouses. After a thorough analysis of the archaeological record, it is suggested that the owner of the land had occupied one habitation unit, while the other was reserved for the unfree.