圈层式空间结构理论发展综述

本文认为圈层式空间结构理论是与"点轴"开发论并行不悖的另一重要的理论流派,认为它建立在空间相互作用理论基本法则之一的距离衰减律基础之上尤为注重分析系由"点轴"在空间不均衡发展所致的自然和人文景观的多维向心性空间层次分化特征,并被广泛地用于指导空间规划实践,业已成为一支独特的空间结构理论流派正日益受到人们的关注。本文结合人文地理学理论和实践的发展特点将该理论流派划分为三大发展阶段即发韧阶段、拓展阶段和实践应用阶段,并对各阶段的发展特点和相应的理论思想进行了分析。最后本文结合产业结构的"圈层理论"和空间结构的"点轴"理论对该理论流派的科学内涵进行了总结并提出了"点轴圈"型区域综合开发思想,指出了进一步完善和发展该理论流派的重要意义。     

谈东京城、东京陵的开发与保护

本就辽阳东京城、东京陵两处后金物的问题,提出“开发旅游资源、带动经济发晨、促进物保护”观点。一、概述了两处物的基本情况和重要的历史价值;二、从开发旅游资源角度分析了开发两处物的有利条件;三、提出在坚持保护物的前提下,深入提示历史化内涵,科学合理地增设旅游服务项目,做到物保护与旅游开发协调发展的规划设想和几个原则。     

古村落旅游地居民综合感知及差异分析——以陕西韩城党家村为例

本文以陕西韩城党家村为例,采用问卷调查和现场访谈相结合的方式,运用EXCEL、SPSS等软件对调查结果进行数理统计,分析了居民对当地旅游开发的感知态度及差异,探讨了有关居民旅游感知的影响因素;并运用旅游发展阶段理论、社会交换理论等分析了党家村旅游开发的现状,认为目前党家村的旅游开发处于良好的状态,当地居民对旅游开发和旅游者持欢迎态度,处于融洽阶段。     

吐鲁番沙疗旅游资源开发的SWOT分析与对策研究

本文在对吐鲁番沙疗旅游资源开发的优势、劣势、机会和威胁进行分析的基础上,构造了吐鲁番沙疗旅游资源开发的SWOT战略分析矩阵,提出了开发吐鲁番沙疗旅游资源的对策,为吐鲁番地区发展沙疗旅游提供了的理论参考。     

成本共担与利益共享——旅游开发的利益相关者及其价值取向研究

现代旅游发展理念正在由传统的经济效益导向转向综合效益导向,强调旅游开发的所有利益相关者都能够公平地从旅游开发中受益。本文以利益相关者理论为基础,分析了现代旅游开发过程中利益相关者的构成体系以及各利益相关者所分担的成本、预期的利益,倡导在均衡利益的原则下建立旅游开发的利益分配机制,并提出了实现成本、利益均衡分配的途径,构建起了以利益相关者理论为基础的旅游开发成本、利益均衡分配的基本理论框架。     

土地开发整理中的生态环境问题及其应对策略

随着我国人口越来越多,城市化进程的逐步加快导致了环境污染的加剧,人均可用的土地资源越来越少。文章分析了土地发开整理的概念与含义和土地开发整理的生态环境效应,针对土地问题提出了具体的对策与措施。为使读者重视土地开发整理中的生态环境问题,实现土地资源的可持续发展利用,提高社会和经济效益。     

空间思维观下的山地旅游开发理念刍论——以陕西省镇巴县为例

从空间思维理论出发,探讨空间思维理论在山地旅游开发中应用。通过引入空间思维并剖析它的内涵,在思维对象、思维方式、思维过程等方面对旅游开发进行指导;之后浅析了山地旅游开发理论,归纳出山地旅游开发的理论模式;并进行综合,运用点式思维、线式思维、面式思维、体式思维等空间思维理念模式于山地旅游开发之中;最后以陕西省镇巴县山地旅游开发为例,进行验证。     

人力资源是西部大开发的起点——关于区域发展差距的另一种解释

本文对区域发展差距的传统理论进行了回顾,并通过对内生性增长理论的介绍和相关统计资料的分析,提出在实施西部大开发战略中应充分重视对人力资源的开发。     

《方志学新论》出版

方志学家、复旦大学历史系副教授巴兆祥先生经过多年的潜心研究 ,结合当前第二轮修志工作需要 ,撰写的《方志学新论》已由上海学林出版社出版。本书系复旦大学争创世界一流研究型大学的第一个“三年行动计划”重点研究课题。此书以专题形式 ,以学术创新为宗旨 ,以翔实的资料为基础 ,深入研究了方志学学科属性、研究方法、方志资源的开发、明代以来的方志发展、台湾地区的方志编纂、方志目录学、方志流播日本、第二轮志书编写等问题 ,多发前人所未发。其中 ,有关第一轮社会主义新方志经验教训的总结 ,方志宝库开发的理论与方法 ,光复后台湾省…     

基于空间相互作用理论的区域旅游一体化研究——以昆明东北郊游憩区为例

本文运用旅游区空间相互作用理论研究的成果及区域一体化开发的模式,在对昆明东北郊旅游发展现状以及一体化开发的可行性分析的基础上,提出了实施一体化开发的五大战略,以谋求区域旅游的可持续发展。     

The Importance of Context and Comparison in the Study of European Spatial Planning

The European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) was agreed in 1999 at Potsdam, Germany, as a non-binding framework intended to guide spatially significant policy-making at different spatial scales in order to achieve a more balanced and sustainable growth of the EU territory. This paper develops a conceptualization of the nature of transnational planning frameworks such as the ESDP and presents a framework for the investigation of the application of their policy orientations in the spatial planning systems of European states. It is argued that investigations of the application of transnational spatial development frameworks like the ESDP and the ‘Territorial Agenda of the European Union’ document adopted by EU member states in 2007, need to be sensitized to the diversity of territorial contexts in which these apply, and that a contextualized and comparative approach is therefore essential in evaluating their influence in Europe's varied territories.     

REVIEWS/COMPTES RENDUS

Book reviewed in this article:
Envisioning a Sustainable Society , by LESTER W. MILBRATH
Green Development: Environment and Sustainability in the Third World , by W.M. Adams
Capitalizing on the Information Economy: A New Approach to Regional Development by RODOLPHE H. LAMARCHE
The Struggle for Swazi Labour 1890–1920 by JONATHAN CRUSH
Processes Affecting the Spread of HIV Infection in Iceland by SIGRIDUR HARAL DSDOTTIR
Landscapes of the Mind: Worlds of Sense and Metaphor by J. DOUGLAS PORTEOUS     

Left to Other Peoples’ Devices? A Political Economy Perspective on the Big Data Revolution in Development

This article brings a political economy perspective to the field of Data for Development (D4D). It highlights the fact that many projects involve extracting data from African‐based organizations for expert analysis in advanced economies. This extraction is justified on the basis that it is being used for humanitarian purposes. Key actors including the UN Global Pulse and World Economic Forum have lobbied for a governance framework emphasizing greater emission, personalization and centralization of data. The article shows how this approach enables the strategies of multinational corporations which are aiming to become data custodians of Africa's emerging economies. Little attention has been paid to the geographical distribution of capacity building nor to the ways in which data‐driven restructuring may alter existing livelihoods. As African economies become increasingly ‘digital’, data will become a source of power in economic governance. Current frameworks amount to a kind of industrial policy that supports the learning and innovation of foreign firms. The article aims to move D4D away from the focus on humanitarianism towards economic development, considering the opportunities for African citizens to benefit from their data as a source of revenue, knowledge and power. The conclusion suggests lines of inquiry for taking research further.     

Communities in Catchments: Implications for Natural Resource Management

Economic and social considerations in natural resource management include the need for community participation and a greater appreciation of social and economic processes in understanding environmental problems. It is anticipated that new frameworks will guide these inclusions and redirect planning and management activities to achieve environmental sustainability. This paper examines issues of participation and the nature of ‘community’ through an analysis of relevant natural resource management policy documents and a case study of a public drinking water supply catchment in Western Australia. The findings indicate that if NRM strategies are to be successful, then a much wider and more inclusive view of community is needed, one that fully captures the different stakeholder groups beyond farmers, such as town residents, indigenous people, and those involved in other land uses. We need strategies that can accommodate differences within and between communities.     

REVIEWS / COMPTES RENDUS

Uneven Development: Nature, Capital and the Production of Space by neil SMITH, BASIL BLACKWELL
Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization by DAVID HARVEY
Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization by DAVID HARVEY
Tourism: A Community Approach by PETER E. MURPHY
China in Canada: A Dialogue on Resources and Development edited by R. LOUIS GENTILCORE
The Staffs of Life by E.J. KAHN JR, Little
Conquest and Survival in Colonial Guatemala: A Historical Geography of the Cuchamatan Highlands,     

Universities and regional advantage: Higher education and innovation policies in English regions

This paper examines the links developing between universities and their regions as observed in the UK. It highlights interactions between public policy and institutional behaviour in a multi-level governance (MLG) structure at sub-national, national and European levels. Different strategic processes of networking between universities and the developing links with the Regional Development Agencies (RDAs) in nine English regions are illustrated, in light of the recent government policies which influence the resources and strategies of universities. Universities' wide range of activities and strategies at different geographical levels need to be strategically incorporated as part of regional innovation systems.     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Society and Environment in New Zealand edited by R. J. Johnston Australian Urban and Regional Development by Frank J. B. Stilwell, Sydney at the Census: 1971; A Social Atlas by R. J. Davis and Peter Spearritt, Lae: Village and City by Ian Willis The Agricultural Systems of the World: An Evolutionary Approach by D. B. Grigg     

An Introduction to IAD and the Language of the Ostrom Workshop: A Simple Guide to a Complex Framework

This guide provides definitions or brief explanations of all the major terms and concepts used in the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework. Also included are terms from the closely related frameworks on local public economies, public service industries, grammar of institutions, and social‐ecological systems (SES).     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: H. W. Richardson, Regional Economics; Location Theory, Urban Structure and Regional Change Weidenfeld and Nicolson, J. Brian McLoughlin, Urban and Regional Planning; A Systems Approach Faber & Faber, Abo-Bakr E. O. Mettwally, Regional Aspects of the U.A.R.' Economic Development Rotterdam,     

The Network Approach: Dutch Spatial Planning between Substratum and Infrastructure Networks

This paper investigates the substratum and infrastructure networks as relevant components of spatial planning. Since 2001, in Dutch government documents on spatial planning the Layers Approach has been presented, with three layers: substratum; networks; occupation patterns. The Layers Approach assumes that the characteristics of the substratum provide conditions for infrastructure networks and that these infrastructure networks then condition the occupation patterns, including the locations for housing, business activities and related services. These more or less hierarchical relationships are supposed to produce clear ground rules for the spatial planner. The Layers Approach seems to offer a robust methodology for spatial planning. This contribution presents the background of the Layers Approach, adds some critical notes and proposes an amendment: the Network Approach, connecting different spatial scales. After the presentation of a typology of networks a preliminary overview of the dynamics of transport networks is given. The spatial relevance of information and communication technology (ICT) networks, that support transport networks, is discussed. Nodes are presented as links between infrastructure networks and occupation patterns. The paper concludes that actors, dealing with regional spatial plans in a decentralized planning system, have to acquire an in-depth knowledge of the technology, economy and governance of current networks and the qualities of the substratum, which form a conditioning and stimulating framework for the spatial planning of urban and regional areas.