Variations of mean winds and tides in the upper middle atmosphere over a solar cycle,Saskatoon, Canada, 52°N, 107°W

Saskatoon (52 N, 107 W) medium frequency (MF) radar data from 1979 to 1990 have been analyzed to investigate the solar activity effects on upper middle atmospheric winds and tidal amplitudes. The period of study covers two solar maxima and a solar minimum; the continuous data allow a systematic analysis of solar cycle dependence on mean winds and tides. The height region of 79–97 km sampled in the study shows an apparent but very weak dependence of mean winds and tidal amplitudes on solar activity variation. The observed features are fairly consistent with the early results reported by Sprenger and Schmindkr [(1969) J. atmos. terr. Phy. 31, 217). The mean zonal wind and the semidiurnal tidal amplitudes appear to exhibit positive and negative correlations with the solar activity, respectively; the statistical significances of these correlations are generally low. There is a biennial periodicity evident in the zonal wind oscillations but this docs not have a consistent phase relationship with the equatorial stratospheric wind oscillations (QBO). The meridional winds and the tidal amplitudes are characterized with different and quite irregular periods of oscillations (2–5 yr). The diurnal tidal variations over the solar cycle are small and irregular, although amplitudes are slightly larger during the solar minimum years.     

Ozone “miniholes” initiated by energetic solar protons

In this study, it is shown that during four Solar Proton Events (SPE), mostly of the Ground Level Event (GLE) type (May 1990, September and October 1989, and March 1989), inside the polar cap in the Arctic (or the Antarctic) short-term depletions were observed (up to 20%) in the ozone total content. These depletions or so-called ozone “miniholes” seem to be caused by energetic solar protons with energies of 150–300 MeV. For May 1990, the gas phase photochemical model includes only 1% ozone depletion compared with 18% observed at Barentsburg (Svalbard), and for none of the other events can homogeneous processes explain the observed depletion. The problem seems to be solved considering heterogeneous reactions in the presence of increased amounts of aerosol particles in the stratosphere which may be triggered by penetrating solar protons, or through an additional decrease of temperature, or through an increase of volume electric charge in the stratosphere (or even troposphere).     

The quasi 2-day wave at Durham (43°N): solar and magnetic effects

A quasi 2-day oscillation has been observed in the meteor winds at Durham since 1970. On a four-day basis the oscillation occurs throughout the year with amplitudes of 10 m s⁻¹ and standing wave or evanescent (λ_z > 150 km) behavior with height. During late summer the oscillation increases in amplitude to ~30 m s⁻¹ with increased phase coherence. When analyzed as a 48 h component the time of maximum of the North-South oscillation prefers the value 15 h LST implying some interaction with the solar tides. The amplitude of the 2-day component is correlated with the daily magnetic index A_p indicating magnetic activity as a possible forcing for this oscillation.     

Climate protection or privilege? A whole systems justice milieu of twenty negative emissions and solar geoengineering technologies

In this study, we utilize a large and diverse expert interview exercise (N = 125) to critically examine the whole systems justice issues associated with ten negative emissions and ten solar geoengineering technologies. We ask: What equity and justice concerns arise with these 20 options? What particular vulnerable groups could be affected? What risks do these options entail for communities or the climate? Utilizing a “claims making” approach, we examine existing and prospective injustices across a pluralistic whole systems framework analyzing (i) resource extraction issues including minerals, chemicals, and fertilizers (ii) manufacturing, labor and ownership concerns, (iii) transportation-network and land-grabbing dynamics, (iv) unfair and exclusionary policymaking and planning, (v) operational injustices resulting from deployment and use, and (vi) waste flows, liabilities and disposal requirements. We then explore how these potential concerns culminate in a milieu of injustice cutting across the dimensions of distribution (who gets what), recognition (who counts), participation (who gets heard), capabilities (what matters), and responsibility (who does what). We conclude with insights for both policy and future research.     

Strict solar alignment of Bronze Age rock carvings in SE Sweden? – Critical remarks on an archaeoastronomical case study

A recently published paper proposing a “strict solar alignment” of figurative rock carvings in southern Sweden requires some critical and cautionary remarks. Using the paper “Strict solar alignment of Bronze Age rock carvings in SE Sweden” by N.-A. Mörner as a case study, various pitfalls and challenges in archaeoastronomical investigations are highlighted. Substantiating the idea of a relationship between the orientation of archaeological features such as rock carvings and astronomical events such as sunrise at winter solstice requires accurate and precise determination of (i) the orientation of the archaeological features and (ii) the azimuth of the astronomical event at the time of creation of the rock carvings, taking into account all influencing factors such as changes in Earth orbit parameters, surrounding topography and vegetation. Furthermore, possible motivations or intentions of Bronze Age rock carvers have to be considered. When trying to support a causal link between the orientation of archaeological features and astronomical events, it is indispensable to discuss and exclude possible alternative explanations, related to, for example, rock carving practice and visibility. Taking into account the above issues, there is no evidence for a solar alignment of the Järrestad rock carvings. The issues discussed using the Järrestad rock carvings as a case study are relevant to archaeoastronomical investigations in general.     

那云,那山,那林,那人,那水……

<正>天空上飘逸的欢迎仪仗队山青则水碧,天高则云淡——这话一点不假。9月27日,我们是在临近桦甸的路上开始感觉到它的清澈。     

口罩,体温计,Twitter

美国卫生及公共服务部已宣布全国进入紧急状态,在北达科塔州洪水、总统就职典礼以及几次风灾期间,美国都曾宣布过进入这一状态慌乱你上一次经过机场安检口,要被检测体温是在什么时候?可能要追溯到2003年SARS爆发之时。但随着猪流感在全球范围的蔓延,至少在台北、东京、新加坡以及巴厘岛的机场,体温扫描仪已经悄悄地回来了,从墨西哥及美国飞来的乘客将受到特别的关注。     

性,谎言,录像带

菲律宾女明星哈利利与整容医生海登的性爱录像不仅在网上疯传,就连女总统阿罗约也被惊动了5月30日,马尼拉最大的商场外面,一名中年小贩正在公开兜售片名为《卡特里娜与海登丑闻》的光碟,每盘售价60比索(约合1.25美元)。这盘由女明星卡     

父亲,儿子,我

正这是一篇儿子的自白。父亲的爱有双重性质,炽热的和冷漠的,唯独没有对儿子的欣赏和尊重。这让生活中的儿子有点小叛逆,但终究逃脱不了家庭教育的"阴影"。他对自己儿子的期望是令我们欣喜的,好的教育要继承和发扬,有问题的家庭教育是应该摒弃和修正的。     

发动群众,我们造车子,造飞机,造尿素,造……

一、＂车子化＂运动中,全县制造的车子堆积如山 ＂大跃进＂时期,提倡＂解放思想,破除迷信,发扬首创精神,大胆革新＂,提出＂工欲善其事,必先利其器＂,各区、乡、社干部群众大搞工具改革。     

‘Profits,Savings, Health,Peace, Order’: Prostitution,Urban Planning and Imperial Identity in Halifax,Nova Scotia, 1898–1912

In the early years of the twentieth century, city administrators in Halifax, Nova Scotia articulated a new, modern identity for the former imperial garrison town by identifying the local red light district as both a moral and a spatial problem. Between the twilight of Victoria’s reign and Britain’s entry into the First World War, middle-class toleration of a local sex district as a means of managing the city’s populations of imperial servicemen virtually evaporated. Haligonians were inspired instead by North American urban modernisation initiatives to eradicate this visible and physical space for the world’s oldest profession. This paper examines shifting responses to the imperial sexual and political ideologies underpinning collective toleration of Halifax’s racially mixed sex district, offers a case study of this crucial moment of civic refashioning.     

立足本国,放眼世界,洋为中用

我们正处在世纪之交。在这个转折时期,回顾过去,展望未来,可以清楚地看到一个现象:随着现代经济、特别是科技的发展,各国之间的联系愈益紧密、各国在各个领域的相互影响越来越大。世界正日益成为一个整体。可以预料,这个趋势在未来的世纪将会更加发展。面对这种情况,大至一个国家,小至一门学科,要想     

万安,横江畔,粉墙黛瓦

一切的一切都是那么的自然天成,一座接一座前店后宅的粉墙黛瓦徽派建筑布满了青藤与苔癣,靠河的一边是一个个现已废弃的码头,高大的红砂石筑就的店铺横成在那里,沾满蜘蛛与苔癣的墙面上昔日徽商的店铺名依稀可见。[编者按]     

景语,物语,情语

正【教材原题】(选择你最喜欢的景或物,写一个片段。想好再下笔,把语句写得连贯、顺畅。不少于200字。)在前一题的基础上,将写景或状物的片段扩展为一篇借景抒情或托物言志的作文。不少于500字。"古道西风瘦马,夕阳西下,断肠人在天涯。""春蚕到死丝方尽,蜡炬成灰泪始干。"这些诗句之所以广为流传,不仅因为其中所蕴含的真挚情感,也在于借助景和物委婉传达情意而带来的效果让人回味无穷,更能触及读者的内心,引发共鸣。"一花一叶皆世界,一草一木总关情",同学们可