广州跨国机构的时空过程及其动力因素研究

在"思想全球化,行动地方化"的今天,跨国行为的迅猛发展导致众多跨国机构在城市的落户。随着跨国机构的不断发展且在国际社会发挥重要作用,相关研究逐渐引起关注。广州作为中国最重要的城市之一,外贸地位重要,国际化发展程度较高,但是跨国机构在城市的发展却极少受到关注。选取进驻广州的跨国机构为研究对象,通过分析跨国机构的类型及结构功能,研究其在广州的空间历程及其进驻因素。探讨广州跨国机构的时空分布过程及其内外影响因素的研究表明,伴随着广州城市空间重构和重心东移,跨国机构的时空特征表现为不断向城市东部分布和转移的过程:从历史时期在沙面的国际化经营,到改革之初在环市东的初步集聚,而2000年以后则表现为向天河北和珠江新城的分布和迁移。跨国机构进驻广州的原因,一方面源于广州区域中心功能、优越的地理和交通位置、发达的对外贸易的吸引;另一方面则体现了跨国机构发挥其地区总部管理和辐射功能的需要,并在此基础上地方和全球网络联系的建立。     

社会地理学社会-文化转型的内涵与研究前沿方向

根据国外名学的观点与权威献,论述社会地理学社会—化转型的学科内涵,重点探讨了“新”社会地理学的理念、研究的主体内容与前沿方向。全从社会—化转型的角度认定“新”人地理学是一门探索性的社会科学,它的社会—化空间性为其他社会科学挖掘其学科内涵拓展了思路,并为它们指引空间延伸的方向与内容。第二,探索性地总结了“新”社会地理学主体研究内容、结构及其目标。即“社会空闻结构”的综合理念及其进展。第三,探讨了新社会地理学与其他“新”人地理学分支学科交叉研究的前沿方向,及其相关的较为成熟的学科内容及其研究框架。全揭示学科边沿性越来越模糊的新社会地理学的基础原理是人地理学其它分支学科分析与探讨问题的理念基础。     

THE POTENTIAL MISUSE OF GENETIC ANALYSES AND THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF 'RACE'AND 'ETHNICITY'

The analysis of genetic material (such as DNA) has been attracting considerable attention for at least a decade. Recent years have seen the first application of genetic analysis to archaeological problems. In some circles DNA seems to be seen as a panacea for all ills. There is, however, little consideration of the methodological problems inherent in extrapolating from genetic information to ancient populations. In particular the assumption that genetic differences equal ethnic differences is challenged. The ethical implications for such research do not seem to have been addressed within the archaeological community.     

THE SYMBOLIC AND SOCIAL MEANINGS OF THE INTERMEDIATE BRONZE AGE COPPER DAGGERS

Abstract

The transformation of hard, durable natural substances, such as stone or metal, into cultural objects with symbolic value has played an important role in human social development. This paper attempts to understand the symbolic and social meanings of copper daggers during the Intermediate Bronze Age, and the reasons for their widespread use within a burial context. A multidisciplinary approach is taken, combining and processing different areas of research, and employing a range of archaeological and ethnographic parallels. This paper allows also for a more comprehensive understanding of the social organisation during the Intermediate Bronze Age.     

我国城市社会空间结构特征及其演变趋势

城市社会空间结构是城市社会分化在地域空间上的表现.本文在介绍西方城市社会空间一般规律的基础上,分析研究了我国城市社会空间独有的结构特征及其形成机制,并结合我国城市社会经济状况的变化,对我国城市社会空间结构的演变趋势进行了探讨.     

INTERGENERATIONAL PROXIMITY AND THE FERTILITY INTENTIONS OF MARRIED WOMEN

Explanations for very low fertility in ‘strong family’ countries emphasise the relatively high costs of childrearing but pay little attention to the potentially offsetting influences of distinctive living arrangements. In this paper, we use data from nationally representative surveys of married women of reproductive age in Japan and Italy to demonstrate that intergenerational co-residence and residential proximity to parents(-in-law) are positively associated with fertility intentions. We also examine ways in which relationships between living arrangements and fertility intentions may depend on family circumstances associated with the opportunity costs, psychological costs and economic costs of childrearing. Contrary to expectations, we find no evidence that intergenerational residential proximity is associated with higher fertility intentions among women for whom the opportunity costs of childrearing are thought to be the greatest. However, there is some relatively limited support for hypothesised moderating influences of the psychological and economic costs of childrearing.     

EDUCATION FEVER AND THE EAST ASIAN FERTILITY PUZZLE

Fertility throughout East Asia has fallen rapidly over the last five decades and is now below the replacement rate of 2.1 in every country in the region. Using South Korea as a case study, we argue that East Asia's ultra-low fertility rates can be partially explained by the steadfast parental drive to have competitive and successful children. Parents throughout the region invest large amounts of time and money to ensure that their children are able to enter prestigious universities and obtain top jobs. Accordingly, childrearing has become so expensive that the average couple cannot afford to have more than just one or two children. The trend of high parental investment in child education, also known as ‘education fever’, exemplifies the notion of ‘quality over quantity’ and is an important contributing factor to understanding low-fertility in East Asia.     

基于遥感数据的中亚五国城市时空扩展变化研究

借助遥感与GIS技术,以1990年LandsatTM和2000年Landsat ETM+遥感影像为数据来源,提取中亚5国首都城市建设用地信息。计算1990年和2000年中亚5国首都城市的城市扩展强度、城市年扩展速率及城市形状紧凑度,对中亚地区五国城市扩展的时空变化进行定量分析。结果表明:1990年和2000年,中亚5国首都城市扩展强度指数和城市扩展速度差距较大,其中阿什哈巴德的扩展强度指数和城市扩展速度最大,分别为0.93、4.6,而最小的是杜尚别,分别只有0.001、2.6,二者相差悬殊。而紧凑度变化幅度不大,2000年,杜尚别、塔什干的紧凑度较大,分别为0.6、0.46,其城市结构更为紧凑,用地集约程度增大,而阿斯塔纳、比什凯克和阿什哈巴德城市结构相对较为松散。同时,中亚五国首都城市空间向外扩张、向内填充的强度、方向各不相同,从而呈现出各自的扩展特点。