RECREATIONAL TRAVEL: THE NEW MIGRATION*

Cet article est le texte d'une adresse presenté au Premier Seminaire international relatif à l'ekistique et à l'avenir des établissements Humains, tenu à Athènes, juillet 1965. Le tourisme est l'une des trois migrations caractéristiques de notre époque (les deux autres étant la migration de la campagne à la ville et celle du domicile au lieu de travail). Les restrictions sur le tourisme sont devenues progressivement moins impérieuses; continueront-elles dans ce sens, ou vont-elles s'imposer de nouveau? Sous plusieurs aspects, le tourisme se développe à un rythme qui atteint 25 pour cent par an. Ceci ne peut pas continuer, et ne devrait pas, puisque éventuellement l'accroisement de tourisme de masse doit avoir pour résultat une diminution du plaisir collectif. Ce phénomène se produit déjà avec l'automobile en particulier, maintenant que les nombres des voitures en circulation dans les autres parties du monde approchent de la densité existente en Amérique du Nord. Il est probable que la même déteriotation se produira pour les voyages outre-mer, que se font en majeure partie par avion. Pour les pays sous-developpés, le tourisme extérieur peut apporter des immenses bénéfices, comme le prouve l'exemple de l'Espagne. Mais, ces pays sont en fait exporteurs d'une resource naturelle—la beauté de leurs paysages—qui peut-être ne leur sera plus disponible quand ils auront en fin les moyens d'y prendre plaisir eux-même. Si, comme croit C. A. Doxiadis, le monde devient une immense ville—Ecumenopolis—les problèmes de tourisme pourront bien devenir insurmontables. En tout cas, si l'homogenéité du milieu urban continue à s'accroître, est-ce que les gens manifesteront la volonté de visiter un Paris, un Londres, un Peking, qui ont tous le même aspect, l'aspect bien connu de chez eux? Mais nous devons nous méfier des predictions sceptiques: quoi qu'il arrive il se peut que des standards différents permettent de trouver plaisir dans le tourisme à l'avenir, aussi bien qu'aujourd'hui.     

LOCATIONAL FACTORS IN THE DECLINING INDUSTRIAL COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF THE NEW YORK URBAN REGION*

This paper investigates the locational factors that contributed to the decline of the New York urban region's industries during 1972-1975. Based on the static concept of a specialization index, a dynamic comparative advantage index is constructed. A model is then formulated to test the hypothesis that regional competitive advantage (vis-à-vis the nation) is a function of relative disparities in the change of these locational factors. Regression results show that the region's competitive advantage is influenced positively by the differential rate of change in market size, by the differential profit rate before tax, and negatively by the differential rate of change in unit labor cost and in unit energy cost. The differential tax rate does not seem to affect the region's competitive advantage. Nevertheless, a progressive corporate income tax structure tends to neutralize the beneficial effects of the economies of agglomeration and the urban attraction of the region.     

NESTED FISCAL IMPACT MEASURES USING THE NEW THEORY OF LOCAL PUBLIC GOODS*

In this paper, we use recent advances in the theory of local public goods to develop more-complete measures of the fiscal impacts of population change. Each fiscal impact measure extends the average-cost-based simple multiplier. The service-based impact measure accounts for the public service production function. The local welfare measure further allows the size of the public budget to vary. The global welfare measure additionally introduces interneighborhood substitution of public services. These four nested measures are calculated for police servims in Vancouver. We demonstrate that the commonly used simple multiplier is an unreliable estimator of fiscal impacts.     

NEW ARCHAEOINTENSITY RESULTS FROM GREEK MATERIALS*

This paper reports palaeointensity results from Greek materials from EC and AD periods, recently obtained in the Sofia palaeomagnetic laboratory. The classical Thellier method was applied and of 26 specimens studied 20 gave acceptable results. The paper aims to compare the newly obtained results with previously published ones from Greece and neighbouring territories relating to the same period of time. The trend of palaeointensity obtained for the period 2900–1700 BC coincides well with the Bulgarian intensity variation curve, while the younger period, 1900–1200 BC, needs further investigation because of the contradictory results obtained by different authors. It is also established that the bricks from the church of Agios Ioannis are earlier than the date of the building's construction and are reused.     

THE 1987 STOCK MARKET CRASH AND NEW YORK CITY EMPLOYMENT: AN INTERVENTION-MULTIPLIER ANALYSIS*

ABSTRACT. Intervention analysis is used to assess the impact of the October 1987 stock market crash upon employment in the securities industry in New York City. The results indicate that the crash has led to a gradual, but permanent reduction of approximately 25,000 jobs in this industry through July 1990. Using a dynamic location quotient methodology to measure basic employment, an estimate of a partial-adjustment economic base multiplier suggests that total New York City employment is likely to decline by over 100,000 as a result of the crash and subsequent adjustments in the securities industry.     

NEW ARCHAEOMAGNETIC STUDIES NEAR XI'AN,CHINA*

Archaeomagnetic and mineral magnetic studies were made of known-age samples from fired structures and sediments from archaeological sites near Xi'an, China. The fired materials retained a stable record of the direction of the past geomagnetic field, which compared well with previous investigations and could contribute to an archaeomagnetic calibration curve. However, discrepancies with documented observations of the field were noted.     

SOIL PHOSPHATE ANALYSIS: A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR MEASUREMENT IN THE FIELD USING A TEST STRIP*

A new method for soil phosphate analysis has been developed for field measurement which will increase the applicability of phosphate mapping in archaeological prospection.     

NEW PETROGRAPHIC EVIDENCE PERTAINING TO CERAMIC PRODUCTION AND IMPORTATION AT THE OLMEC SITE OF SAN LORENZO*

This paper reports the results of petrographic analyses of 41 new pottery thin sections from San Lorenzo. The resulting compositional data provide an important new context for evaluating the disputed status of carved vessels previously identified as imports to the site. By comparing local and Oaxaca highlands pottery, the disputed vessels are shown to be (a) compositionally distinct from San Lorenzo pottery and (b) similar to highland pottery. San Lorenzo was not just an exporter but also an importer of pottery vessels, a finding relevant to consideration of San Lorenzo's role in the production and exchange of ceramics in Early Formative Mesoamerica.