解析我国主体功能区划基本问题

对国土进行主体功能区划,是我国区域研究与区域开发的新进展,也是理论和实践的创新,有许多新问题需要去探索。研究从基本概念、基本思路、基本方法和实施机制应四个方面探讨了我国国土主体功能区划的基本问题,从而界定了主体功能区划的概念,提出了逐级分摊、层层汇总和相互校核三种划分思路,讨论了划分的层次和空间单元大小、定性与定量的关系、指标的选取、域值的确定等划分方法问题,总结了以经济发展质量为主题和以环境建设质量为主题的两套政府绩效评价体系和政策实施中的社会公平问题。     

经济全球化的环境困境寻根

经济全球化就其实质而言是全球利益和资源的重新分配,发达国家追求全球扩张以及寻求释放外部性成本空间的欲望,发展中国家参与全球竞争以及谋求生存与发展的压力,加速了各国对自然资源的竞争和利用,也使越界负外部性日益增加,全球环境更加恶化并陷入困境。而越界污染的无主治理、发达国家的言行不一、发展中国家的无能为力和两类国家的矛盾冲突是全球环境困境的主要根源。因此,正视现实、寻求合作、遏制贪欲、各执其责是人类面临的现实选择。     

SOCIAL COST MINIMIZATION: A NATIONAL POLICY APPROACH TO THE PROBLEMS OF DISTRESSED ECONOMIC REGIONS*

This paper makes a distinction between output maximizing and cost minimizing approaches to national economic policy. The paper argues that because the benefits of economic activity and its cost are frequently conferred upon distinct groups in society, it is not automatically true that output maximization is the best strategy, as is presently assumed. This result is especially true when the problems of distressed economic regions are the focus of our concern. The national and multi-national firms which make decisions pertaining to the economic life of local communities make those decisions not on the basis of the costs and benefits to the community, but with regard to their private balance sheet. As a result, it frequently happens that communities of individuals must bear social costs far in excess of the private gains to the firms in question. From a policy standpoint, this is not an efficient use of our social and economic resources. In the absence of any type of comprehensive economic planning a rational market-oriented economic strategy would be one which seeks to minimize social costs.     

基于传播学视阈的西安旅游业创新发展初探

现代旅游业的竞争让旅游业的创新势在必行,本文从传播学的视阈论述了旅游与传播、旅游业与文化创意产业的关系,进而提出旅游业创新的两个基点:创新思维模式与延伸价值链。从信息传播的角度讨论了西安城市形象及旅游发展存在的问题,最后,提出西安市可在城市品牌经营及文化创意产业两方面创新思路,促进旅游产业的发展。     

THE SOURCES OF PUBLIC POLICY: WELFARE POLICY IN THE AMERICAN STATES

The conceptualization of political and economic determinants of public policy as interactive rather than sufficient causes is subjected here to a comparative state analysis. An examination of interactive effects of culture, wealth, and gubernatorial power on AFDC grants and Medicaid benefits offers empirical illustration of Stonecash's reconceptualization of the classic politics-process-policy model. The results indicate that political dispositions become more potent in combination with increasing concentrations of wealth and executive power.     

PROBLEMS IN POLICY ANALYSIS AND URBAN GOVERNMENT

Malcolm C. Getz, The Economics of the Urban Fire Department
Robert K. Yin, Changing Urban Bureaucracies
Pietro S. Nivola, The Urban Service Problem     

建立我国草原生态环境补偿机制的政策建议

尽管草原退化的趋势逐年加剧,但在目前仍然存在着重林轻草,重政府投入,轻民间参与,重有形价值轻无形生态,重单项治理轻综合治理的倾向,草原生态系统加剧恶化的趋势在相当长地时间内还会作为一种常态存在,寻求长期的、社会多方参与利益共享的、生态生活生产同步的生态环境补偿机制已非常迫切。本文通过对我国草原退化现状和草原与森林生态价值的对比分析,提出了政策建议。     

PARADIGMS IN THE STUDY OF HEALTH POLICY

This essay identifies and analyzes four different paradigms in the study of problems in the American health system. The paradigms, which are labelled the individual–deficiency, the economic, the organizational, and the Marxist perspective, are examined as “diagnostic paradigms” according to the way in which problems are conceptualized and the way in which remedial strategies are chosen. The essay shows the differences and similarities between characteristic diagnoses and policy solutions within the four perspectives. It is argued that such paradigms can easily be identified in recent health reform proposals.