中产阶级与近代英国城市郊区扩展

在18—19世纪城市化进程中,英国的中产阶级逐渐成长,到19世纪中叶基本形成。为逃避市区的环境污染,寻求个人生活的私密性,拥有一定经济收入的英国中产阶级不断向郊区迁移,使英国城市区域向郊外蔓延。他们在郊区租住相对宽敞、篱笆相隔、绿树荫窗的独立或半独立式住宅,"英国人的家就是他的城堡"成为事实。这充分体现了英国社会日益增强的个人主义特征,反映了人们工作和日常生活、工作场所与家庭的分离。     

Change and Continuity in Irish Politics: The General Election of 2007

Bertie Ahern, the incumbent Taoiseach or Prime Minister of Ireland, was elected to a third term in the general election of 24 May 2007. While Ahern's party, Fianna Fáil, was able to retain its governing coalition, the level of support of some of the other parties changed dramatically. Fine Gael, the principal opposition party, saw its number of seats in the parliament, Dáil Éireann, increase by nineteen. Some of the minor parties did less well than expected or compared to previous elections. Only the Greens maintained their six representatives. As a result, they were rewarded with a share in the new government. This election suggests that, while Irish society is changing rapidly, the political system is changing more slowly and subtly. This article examines the election results in terms of the fate of the political parties and focuses on one constituency, Tipperary South, to illustrate trends in Irish electoral politics.     

桐城派的传承与传统教育

桐城派的传承相当程度上依托于传统的教育制度。书院讲学、家学传授、私人授徒等传统教育方式使桐城派在人员构成上迅速扩展,成为一个超地域关系的文学派别。桐城派成员之间广泛存在着“师事”或“私淑”等不同类型的师生关系,这些关系是维系桐城派的重要纽带。桐城派的存在是如此依赖于传统教育,以至于传统教育体制在晚清走向瓦解时,桐城派也就自然失去了生机。     

Primitive Ideas: Protected Area Buffer Zones and the Politics of Land in Africa

This article critically evaluates participatory, integrated conservation and development programmes in Africa, focusing on protected area buffer zones. I argue that, despite the emphasis on participation and benefit-sharing, many of the new projects replicate more coercive forms of conservation practice and often constitute an expansion of state authority into remote rural areas. I suggest that the reasons for this state of affairs can be traced in part to the persistence in conservation interventions of Western ideas and images of the Other. These stereotypes result in misguided assumptions in conservation programmes which have important implications for the politics of land in buffer zone communities.     

The New Militia: War,Politics and Gender in 1750s Britain

This article explores the role of gender in the debates around the creation of a ‘New Militia’ at the beginning of the Seven Years War. The humiliating military defeats of 1756 had precipitated a cultural crisis that focused upon gender distinctions, as the ‘effeminacy’ of men and the ‘boldness’ of women threatened to collapse the social order. In this context, militia service was presented as a cure for the nation's moral, social, political and sexual ills. This article therefore examines a range of textual and visual sources in order to suggest that certain mid‐Georgian political worldviews were fundamentally gendered, since they were predicated upon martial masculine virtues of the citizenry.