浅谈新式词汇与修志

新词汇的出现对修志工作者提出了如何面对的问题.志书应收录新词汇,但要慎重.在民间文学章中设新词汇节较妥.     

Process and terminology in mammal carcass reduction

A simple process-functional model is developed to explore some of the main stages in the utilization of a mammal carcass by people aiming to maximize the use of the carcass. The model predicts the potential deposition of many different and distinctive bone assemblages, some of which would be archaeologically recoverable. Explicit terminology is needed in order to distinguish assemblages of waste material from the intended product of a particular process, and to distinguish between assemblages characterized by depletion of certain elements and those in which parts of the carcass have been supplemented.     

The Hellenic and Hippocratic origins of the spinal terminology

Numerous Hellenic terms have been gradually adopted during the development of modern medical science. Moreover, there are a significant number of words that derive directly from the Hippocratic texts. Hippocrates (ca. 460-ca. 377 BC), revered as the father of medicine, and his followers left behind a valuable heritage of medical knowledge that, practically, laid the foundations of Western medicine. Their theories, collected in Corpus Hippocraticum, transformed medicine by adding, mainly, clinical observation and inductive reasoning as significant parts of medical diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, Hippocratic writings have provided an invaluable heritage of medical terms for all medical fields. The present article examines the Hellenic and Hippocratic terminology referring to the spine and how this vocabulary has influenced and dominated upon modern spinal onomatology.     

Custody and custodianship: A reflection on collection terminology through the lens of human remains

The vast number of human remains in scientific research, museum and teaching collections bring the multifaceted terms ‘custody’ and ‘custodianship’ into view. The question of ‘custodianship’ and ‘curation’ is part and parcel of the language of collection, yet human remains push the question of ownership to a more elementary level. The authors look at the meanings of custodianship as used (and not yet used) within the framework of an interdisciplinary project on academic collections of human remains. They suggest that expanding from custodial protection, representation and expertise to custodial responsibility and care may offer a lens for framing the past and for ‘letting go’ in the future.     

Beginning geography: a human and technical perspective

Abstract

A first course in human geography has been designed for majors and students from the more technical fields at university. It is built around five computer exercises, none of which require any programming or computer skills. Problems and exercises are designed to enhance carry‐over skills and humane awareness.     

The Litaniae maiores and minores in Rome, Francia and Anglo-Saxon England: terminology, texts and traditions

It has been noted that there are Frankish and Anglo-Saxon texts in which the three days before Ascension are designated as the Major Litanies, a practice generally regarded as an inexplicable deviation from the established norm of designating 25 April as the Major Litany and the three days before Ascension as the Minor Litany. This article shows, however, that this contrastive terminology was not in use in the Anglo-Saxon and Frankish churches and that the pre-Ascension litany days – more firmly established than the Roman tradition of 25 April – were commonly designated as the Litaniae maiores in authoritative contexts.     

唐代妇女发饰的技术分析与研究

近几年来为配合基本建设,在西安市长安区紫薇田园都市清理了一批唐墓,陆续出土了一些妇女发饰,其中有镂空鎏金花鸟纹银钗、银钗、鎏金花铜簪及散落的鎏金铜饰残片等。为了解当时的制作工艺及技术,对其进行了X射线能谱分析(EDS)和金相显微结构分析(SEM)。分析表明:1、2、5、6、7、8号样皆为银铜合金,3、4号样为铜合金;1、5、6、7、8号样的金相结构表现为重压冷锻组织,2、3号为退火组织。此项分析可为科学分析资料较少的金银器的研究提供参考和帮助。     

X射线成像技术在文物保护与制作工艺研究中的应用

X射线成像技术在科技考古和文物保护研究领域的应用越来越广泛,可提供肉眼和其他分析仪器无法提供的信息。本文主要以金属文物和铸铜陶范为例,解析了X射线成像技术在实验室微发掘、文物状况研究以及文物制作工艺研究中所发挥的作用。研究结果揭示了大英博物馆收藏的一些重要中国青铜器(包括著名的康侯簋、邢侯簋、赵孟壶)不为人知的修复历史和现状以及复杂器物不同部件的制作工序和连接方式等,并首次披露了侯马陶范的复杂结构。X射线成像技术包括X射线探伤和工业X射线计算机断层扫描(X-CT),是科技考古和文物保护研究的一个重要手段,可为文物保护和保存提供建设性建议,为文物制作技术的解析提供重要的科学数据,为深入研究文物提供指导。     

浅谈灭火救援技术训练与抢险救援指挥的关系

本文结合灭火与抢险救援指挥的需要,针对消防灭火救援技术训练的特点和实际问题,论证了灭火救援技术训练与抢险救援指挥的密切关系以及提高现场组织指挥能力的途径和方法。