星云禅话（十七）

那就是禅 日本明治时代有位医生王田。虽然他精通医术，还是常常有病人死去。受职业的影响，他很惧怕死亡。某天他遇到一位行脚的云水僧，上前请教：“什么叫做禅？”     

评析董其昌的“画禅”

董其昌命名自己的斋室为“画禅室”、“墨禅轩”。顾名思义,他要在书画创作中体现禅意。因此,研究董其昌的绘画艺术不能忽视其这一创作主旨。基于此,本文拟通过对董其昌几件典型作品的评析,试以说明董其昌是如何画禅的,并进而说明他为什么要画禅,以及我们对这一艺术现象的看法。     

星云禅话（十九）

不复再画 日本的月船禅慧禅师是绘画高手,每次作画前,必定要求买画者先行付款,否则决不动笔,这种作风不免让大众颇有微词,说：“他的禅很有名,要钱也很有名”。     

释《韵镜》“邪＂纽

中古音系统的《大广益会玉篇》、《切韵》、《广韵》、《集韵》、《礼部韵》、《韵镜》、《七音略》等述中的“邪”纽应归于几等?明代邵光祖《切韵指掌图》之《检例》中云：“精清两头为真的。”说“邪”纽有一、四等。清际江永《四声切韵表》中《等位图歌》也有：“舌齿之头一四等”,“有禅三等有邪四。”     

论沃伦·哈定的＂常态＂政策

1920年美国共和党人沃伦·哈定当选美国总统。鉴于当时民众对一战时政府实行的管制政策和战后出现的经济萧条的不满情绪,在综合考量了国家利益和国内外环境后,哈定提出了“恢复常态”的主张：对内推行自由放任并配合低税收等措施,振兴国内经济;对外实行“门户开放”政策,扩大美国在亚太地区的利益。“常态”政策的实施虽然在一定程度上扩大了贫富差距,但从整体上看它使美国从战时政治经济体制顺利回复到和平经济状态,同时也刺激了美国经济的恢复和发展,使美国的综合实力和国际影响力得以继续提高。     

对＂开学恐惧症＂说＂NO＂

新学期又开始了!在享受了两个月的完美假期之后,同学们又要重新投入到新的学习中。但是,习惯了没有时间约束、睡觉睡到自然醒、说走就能走的旅行和电子设备看到眼睛酸的自在生活,对于已经到来的紧张的学习生活,有没有产生一种恐惧心理？如果你觉得自己有害怕上学,上课注意力不集中,记忆力也下降等症状,那么,很遗憾地告诉你．你有可能患上了传说中的“开学恐惧症”哦,     

浅议＂台式民主＂的＂负面＂

最近十余年来，台湾由“威权政治”走向“政党政治”，人民当家，社会多元，应该说是一个进步。然而我总觉得，这同时也带来许多“负面”的东西，这在转型社会，是一个“过渡”，自然是不可避免的。不过这种情况，如果时间太长了，习以为常，昕之任之，不求改善，未免也会走向“反面”，这是应该注意到的。     

佛教禅宗与“以禅喻诗”

“以禅喻诗”是一种经验性的类比思维,“禅”与“诗”都是复杂的范畴,难以笼统论之。前者涉及禅语、禅法、禅理、禅趣、禅宗有关宗派、参禅的活动（态度、方法等）、禅家之妙谛和禅宗公案故事等;而后者则涉及诗人、诗派、作品、读者四大方面,进而包容构思、写作、赏析和评论等活动。”所谓“喻”则取譬喻之意,表现为一种通过将“禅”与“诗”进行类比,最后诉诸于“诗”的思维方式。本文主要分“何以以禅论诗”、“何为以禅喻诗”、“如何以禅喻诗”和“从《沧浪诗话》看以禅喻诗”四个部分,分析了“以禅喻诗”的存在原因、意义内涵、思维方法和在严羽《沧浪诗话》中的具体表象,以实现对其较为全面的理解和阐释。     

星云禅话（六）

诗偈论道 宋朝文豪苏东坡对于禅的修持很有心得,他有几首诗把禅的境界分成3个阶段,说得很好： 第一阶段,是未参禅之前的境界：“庐山烟雨浙江潮,未到千般恨不消;及至到来无一事,庐山烟雨浙江潮。”     

春夏秋冬本一季

有这么一则禅的故事．我很喜欢．说的是有一天云门文偃禅师问弟子：“十五日以前不问汝,十五日以后道将一句来。”弟子们面面相觑．云门只好自己代为回答：“日日是好日。”     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.