基于市场竞争态的上海国际旅游客源市场分析

通过运用市场竞争态指标对上海国际旅游客源市场1997-2004年统计数据进行分析,可以发现,21世纪以来上海国际旅游客源市场呈现出明星市场空白、金牛市场壮大、幼童市场回落、瘦狗市场积聚的变化趋势与特征,说明上海国际旅游客市场发展的后续动力不足;本文认为:加强日本、韩国、德国、美国四个金牛市场的宣传和促销,对英国、印度、瑞士三国进行市场细分,保持主要客源市场和潜力客源市场的持续增长,是今后上海国际旅游市场拓展的关键.     

Regional Polarization under Transition: The Case of Slovakia

This paper analyses trends in regional polarization in Slovakia on the NUTS II and NUTS IV levels for the period 1985–2002 from the neo-classical and polarization approaches to regional development. Development of disparities in regional incomes was examined via an econometric model. The model was based on extensive datasets from Slovak districts for the period 1985–2002. It identified unemployment rates, urbanization rates, shares of population with university degree and share of foreign investors in total enterprises as major factors behind regional divergence. Strong polarization between Bratislava and the rest of the country was the most remarkable feature of regional development after 1989.     

Foreign Direct Investment and Regional Export Performance in China

This paper investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the export performance of China at the provincial level. First, it presents a theoretical discussion of the impact of FDI on foreign trade, and then an empirical study of the impact of FDI on the export performance of regions in Chin. It has been found that the impact of FDI on exports differs across three macro-regions in China. The effect is stronger in the coastal region than in the inland regions. Although FDI shows a positive and significant impact on exports from the central region, its impact on the western region is found to be insignificant.     

A Geographical Product Differentiation Model of Trade Competition in Third Markets

Product differentiation trade models have been developed in order to account for some contemporary patterns of international trade that are inexplicable under the theory of comparative advantage. This paper presents the case for the geographical differentiation of products. A generalized geographical product differentiation model of trade competition in industrial third markets is outlined within a discrete choice framework. The model treats product price and quality, as determined by country of origin, as distinct variables in export competition. An indirect empirical test of the model's validity, using the cases of export competition between the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany and the United States and Japan, indicates that the generalized model is worthwhile in its ability to account for successful trade competition.     

The Integration of Mental Health Care in Rural Iran

Iran’s rural mental health care system emerged in a context that included experiments in health care prior to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of a primary health care (PHC) system after the Revolution. Beginning in the 1980s, Iran integrated mental health care into the existing PHC system by treating mental illness much like a communicable disease. Iran advanced treatment options compatible with the existing system, added new training for existing care providers, and incorporated specialists. The integration of mental health care led to the rapid improvement of health outcomes. The integration also created the unintended consequence of privileging pharmaceutical treatments and overlooking mental illnesses affected by somatization.     

藏医药保健养生

藏医药宛如甘露,源于雪山珠串环绕清静圣境中,历代圣贤论典卷帙浩繁,稀有殊胜熠熠生辉,似日月光辉遍照天地,消除寒热病症,起死回生甘露宝瓶,关怀众生无疾安康,汲取天地营养万物精华,滋养亿万生物相依相生。六章《根本医典》生命树根深枝繁叶茂,蕴集医药学精华要义。     

区域博物馆开放性叙事探究——以长三角区域博物馆展览叙事为例

传统的区域博物馆封闭性叙事固然能够强化对区域文化的集中阐释,但也有明显的视野局限.长三角区域一体化发展要求基于现代意识和全球眼光建设具有当代价值的江南文化,强调区域文化间的交互联动,推动区域博物馆叙事模式从封闭性向开放性转化.区域博物馆的开放性叙事建构可借鉴大英博物馆百物展叙事创新模式,从叙事空间的开放性、叙事结构的对话性和跨媒介叙事三方面重构博物馆叙事机制,这既能够反映区域历史和故事,也能够表述当下,更具主动参与性.探索建构江南文化的博物馆整体叙事路径,可从全球对话、主题展览、当代性叙事三个角度给予区域博物馆实践例证,并探索女性史、文创展览、物的关联等开放性叙事新方向.     

Good Health Communications: An Essential Part of Effective Health Care

Abstract

This paper presents an overview of some recent applications of methods of statistical physics to financial problems such as stock market behaviour and crashes. This field of research has seen intensive developments over the last ten years and is today known as econophysics. The first section of the paper oers a review of the main directions of research in experimental, theoretical, and applied econophysics. A second section then introduces a case study of physical modelling of a financial event, namely a stock market crash seen as a higher order phase transition. The model used is the Ising model in Bethe–Peierls (‘quasi chemical’) approximation. In spite of its minimal character, the model exhibits a statistical pattern of stock market prices consistent with that observed empirically.     

Elusive Empowerment: Price Information and Disintermediation in Soybean Markets in Malwa,India

Price information provision and disintermediation have often been considered means to empower farmers, since lack of information and multiple intermediaries are seen as major obstacles preventing farmers from obtaining a higher price for their produce. Using the example of soybean in Malwa, central India, which is a cash crop that links farmers to global consumers, this article argues that the very expectation of disintermediation in the soybean supply chain is misleading. India's position in these global networks puts farmers and intermediaries in Malwa in the position of price receivers: they are unable to influence the global price of soybean or manipulate its local price in any way. In this context, providing price information has negligible impact on the final price obtained by farmers. The potential for empowerment has to be understood more broadly, by mapping out the ways in which power is exercised by various actors in the marketplace — one of which is the determination of the quality of a farmer's crop. This article maps such possibilities by examining how norms regarding quality in soybean are created and enforced, and how they are influenced by broader logics that go beyond the soybean marketplace itself.     

Cultural Resources and Regional Development: The Case of the Cultural Legacy of Watchmaking

Cultural resources are today the object of considerable attention in regional economics. Ground for new forms of innovation these resources have given rise to numerous works aiming at understanding the emergence and organisation of culture based economic activities and at identifying the role of these activities in regional development and urban planning. The objective of this article is to explore the way in which resources, and in particular cultural resources, are incorporated into production processes on the one hand, and the consequences on the resources of doing so on the other hand. Becoming an economic resource, a cultural “object” (symbol, image, cultural heritage, traditional know-how, etc.) becomes embedded within commercial relationships. The question we address here is what are the causes and consequences of this commodification of culture for the production systems, the customers and for the local communities which put a certain number of their constitutive elements into play.     

Ethnic Distance,Power and War: The Case of Croatian Students

Abstract. This article examines dimensions of ethnic distance in two wartime surveys of university students in Croatia. The data from the surveys is interpreted together with the content analysis of the Croatian daily newspaper vjesnik. The article draws its central conclusion from the striking similarities between the media's depiction of various ethnic groups and the dimensions of ethnic distance towards these groups. In 1992 the prime targets of ethnic distance were Serbs and Montenegrins, while in 1993 Bosnian Moslems received similar attention. Since the majority of respondents had no war experience the authors conclude that the media's influence on popular attitudes was a crucial determinant of ethnic distance. Considering that most of the media is government-controlled, it is argued that changes observed within these two years can be primarily attributed to the concrete political goals of power possessors.     

Real Estate FDI in Chinese Cities: Local Market Conditions and Regional Institutions

Two China-based geographers test the importance of market conditions and local institutions in determining the locational pattern of foreign direct investment in real estate development (FDIRE), a major component of China's urban growth since the 1980s. Using data from 35 major Chinese cities, they trace the diffusion of FDIRE from a concentration in China's major coastal cities in the late 1990s to a more dispersed pattern including large inland cities in 2008. In addition to investigating the general association between FDIRE, local market opportunities, and liberalized economies/more developed land markets, the authors assess differences in the locational behaviors of developers from Hong Kong-Taiwan-Macao and foreign countries. A concluding section explores the implications of FDIRE activity for the restructuring of China's urban system. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F210, L850, O180, R330. 3 figures, 7 tables, 35 references.