Provincial Officialdom in Late Imperial Russia

In response to escalating social tensions in the late nineteenth-century Russian Empire, provincial officials closed ranks, creating a corporation to defend their shared interests.     

Local Self-Government and Administrative Oversight

An examination of the zemstvos, Russia's late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century experiment in local self-government, can offer lessons and warnings for modern administrative reforms that will be at least as useful as comparisons with Western countries.     

康熙朝的督抚与地方钱粮亏空

清康熙朝中后期,地方钱粮亏空成蔓延上升的态势,考诸亏空原因,它与地方财政、仓政,以及吏政都有着密切的关系,由于地方没有"存留公项"的自主财政,仓储规则也缺乏适时的监管机制,这些都为不法官吏婪赃提供了方便。对此,督抚在被寄予直省守土之责的同时,对钱粮的监管与查处也有不可推卸的责任。然个人的廉洁与才干并不能杜绝亏空的发生,因失察、徇庇、挪用等涉案钱粮亏空受惩的督抚不乏其人。所以,在制度缺陷已然亏空之源头的情况下,钱粮亏空在康熙朝成不可遏制之势。     

理想与利益--浙江省宪自治运动新探

1919-1926年的浙江省宪自治运动,是民初中国联省自治浪潮中的一个重要组成部分。它在省内外多种因素的推动下而发生,并在运动中先后产生了三种不同的省宪：九九省宪、三色宪法、浙江省自治法。省宪的条体现了当时人们的许多自治理想,但运动参与动机各异使之自始便存在着严重分歧,省宪理想成为他们追求不同利益目标的工具。运动断断续续的进行伴随着各方势力激烈的冲突,亦折射出浙省多重的地方政治权力结构。运动的无果而终,并非简单由于“军阀扼杀自治”。     

Regulating Church Property in Late Imperial China

In recent years,religion in China has attracted increased attention,both domestically and internationally.A core aspect of this attention has been the role of church real estate,a contemporary issue with historical origins.After the Second Opium War,France—the self-proclaimed protector of Catholicism—took on the cause of obtaining additional rights and freedoms for Western missionaries in China,albeit with only mixed results.Constant disagreements between China's central and local governments made it difficult to implement nation-wide regulations.     

Local Government Policymaking and Management in Russia

Local government in Russia is characterized by the collapse of traditional relationships between legislative and executive powers and between different levels of executive and legislative hierarchies. The re-definition of these relationships involves a struggle for power pursued against a backdrop of radical systemic change in the economic and social spheres. These changes are accompanied by a breakdown (and gradual realignment) of the system of distribution, which has accelerated the process of economic and social destabilization in the larger cities. The response of local administrations to the problems generated has been hampered by the fiscal crisis that affects both national and local levels of government. This article reviews the changing relationship between governmental levels and between legislative and executive powers in the context of these broader developments, and in the context of Russian and Soviet traditions of local government. Overall the article notes the perceived failure of the democratization of the legislature at local level to deal with the crisis, and the consequent shift of power towards a strengthened executive.     

清代皇族的管理

本简要阐述了清代对皇族进行管理即组织管理,经济管理和教育管理的各项措施及其取得的明显成效,近而指出了清晚期这些管理措施的松弛带来的问题。     

民国初年广东乡村的基层权力机构

民国初年,受到辛亥革命冲击的广东乡村基层权力机构以各种方式恢复和重建。这些机构包括警局、区乡办事所和团局,而主要是团局。控制乡村基层权力机构的人物有士绅、商人、回乡官吏、退伍军官等,有军事经历、直接掌握武力者通常在这些机构中担任主角。由于广东政局动荡,省、县政府对乡村往往不能充分行使权力,乡村基层权力机构获得很大的独立性,有时甚至同政府、军队发生冲突。国民政府成立后,广东实行新县政,但民国初年形成的乡村基层权力机构的格局,在不少地区一直延续到40年代末。