Governors,Provincial Administration,and Local Self-Government in Late Imperial Russia

After long neglect in the Soviet period, the study of Russia's provincial governors and local institutions of self-government is attracting new interest among contemporary historians, who struggle with questions that preoccupied their late imperial predecessors.     

Regulating Church Property in Late Imperial China

In recent years,religion in China has attracted increased attention,both domestically and internationally.A core aspect of this attention has been the role of church real estate,a contemporary issue with historical origins.After the Second Opium War,France—the self-proclaimed protector of Catholicism—took on the cause of obtaining additional rights and freedoms for Western missionaries in China,albeit with only mixed results.Constant disagreements between China's central and local governments made it difficult to implement nation-wide regulations.     

晚清史研究向何处去?

晚清史过去是 ,现在依然是中国近代史的重要组成部分。但随着时间的推移 ,它与属于中国古代史范畴的清代前中期史的内在联系已开始愈益显露。晚清史应该怎样与清代前中期史进行整合 ?晚清史研究究竟向何处去 ?这已是我们现在所必须面对的紧迫课题。(一 )顾名思义 ,所谓“晚清史” ,自然是指清代晚期的历史 ,这应是没有疑义的。但事实上 ,人们所理解的“晚清”在时间的跨度上往往并不相同。 1 93 0年代 ,阿英 (钱杏 )著《晚清文学史》 ,所述对象大体是从甲午战争前后直到清王朝覆灭。其时间跨度甚为狭小 ,前后不超过 2 0年。到了 80年代 ,…     

Imperial versus National Discourse: The Case of Russia

Abstract. It is inaccurate and misleading to apply the term ‘nationalism’ to Russia prior to the present day. Both Tsarist and Soviet leaders sought to maintain an empire and not a nation‐state, and their national consciousness was imperial rather than national. The lack of Russian nationalism was crucial for Russian history since it explains the failure of both Tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union. Modern societies cannot be successfully constructed upon the basis of imperial thinking. The absence of Russian nationalism also has significance for nationalism theory. Russia possessed the social, political and cultural characteristics that have been adduced as ‘causes’ of nationalism by a wide variety of scholars, yet Russia failed to develop a nationalist movement. This suggests that what is crucial to modem nationalism is the appearance of a particularist, secular ideology, since the most notable aspect in which Russia differed from Europe was Russia's universalistic, religious and imperialist discourse of national identity.     

俄国封建晚期城市化缓慢的直接原因

俄国封建晚期城市人口再生产的扩大虽保证了市民绝对数的增长,但却不足以同时保证在国家总人口中市民比重的增长。俄国封建晚期城市化缓慢的直接原因在于：农村人口的自然增长超过了城市人口的自然增长;农民向城市迁移的人口数量不足,农民向城市迁移的方向和规模在很大程度上决定了俄国城市化的进程和性质;部分市民迁往农村或转为农民。     

"民主"一词在近代中国的再生

本文从历史语义学的角度 ,首先考察了“民主”和“民本”在汉语语境中的古典含义及其在中国传统政治思想格局中的位置。在此基础上 ,细致地分析了近代以来“民主”一词如何在西方思想的刺激下 ,通过传教士和中国思想家的共同努力 ,被重新发掘出来 ,并在重新诠释的过程中 ,从“民之主” (君主 )走向自己的反面“人民群众当家作主”的过程。     

身份的反观:中华帝国晚期的泰山朝圣

在中国,泰山大约是最为显赫的圣山了,但让人难以理解的是,它长期以来一直为史学家忽略。自沙畹(Edouard Chavannes)在1910年发表过一部关于泰山的重