A masculinist northern wilderness and the emancipatory potential of literary irony

There has been an increasing body of critical research in modern literary geography claiming that forms of social oppression and injustice can become established through the institution of literature. It has also been stated that literature can equally well act as an emancipatory ‘tool’ through which subjugated histories are rewritten. This article is concerned with the colonialist history of Finnish northern literature, Lapland romanticism, the exoticism of nature and the interrelations of these with masculinism and sexist oppression. It discusses how northern nature is romanticized through literary stereotypes based on masculinist values and a multidimensional social process of sexism, and how the regional marginalization of northern Finland has been justified at the same time. The primary focus is on the emancipatory potential of untraditional northern literature, on a northern female author, Rosa Liksom, who through her unconventional literary irony has functioned as an emancipatory ‘project’ against the masculinist stereotypes of the northern wilderness. Liksom's literary irony serves as a metafictive ‘method’ working in pursuit of revealing its own discursive structure, as a strategy through which literary conventions and their wider social context become deconstructed.     

《南山集》案与清代士人的心路历程--以戴名世、方苞为例

清人主中原后,针对激烈的反清情绪,对士人采取严密的钳束政策,康熙五十年,戴名世因其《南山集》的锋芒而致大狱,与戴氏有文字交的方苞也因作序而罹罪,虽幸免于死,但精神受到重创,为文风格遂变得迂回盘折。此案前后文风的转变,体现了清初士人由狂悖不驯到敛性皈依的心路历程。     

Geographical imaginations,public education and the everyday worlds of Fascist Italy

This article explores the phenomena of geographical imaginations and their seldom-noted promotion within various corners of Fascist Italy. Imagined geographies are socially constructed understandings of other places and regions and, as such, they are malleable, contingent, shifting and unquantifiable. Nevertheless, these imaginaries help us to navigate our imaginative worlds and our relative place in the material world. In 1930s Italy, various interest groups associated with the colonial and expansionist projects of Fascism promoted the development of wider geographical imaginaries among Italians. Academic geographers were often key figures in these initiatives: some prompted these projects, while others did so at the behest of the regime and its desire to expand Italians' coscienza geografica (the geographical imagination) to an ‘imperial level’. This article explores how academic geographers from Trieste sought to contribute to this project and to embed their geographical knowledge into the ordinary, everyday circuits of public life. The article therefore outlines the notion of the geographical imagination and demonstrates via case studies how Triestine geographers tried to nurture these phenomena. Finally, it suggests that, although elusive and amorphous, geographical imaginations were a feature of everyday life in some corners of Fascist Italy and, as such, they deserve academic attention.     

上海旅游人才供给与旅游高等教育现状分析

本分析了处于快速发展期的上海旅游业人才供给现状,并探讨了目前上海旅游高等教育对旅游人才供给的支撑状况及存在的问题。     

论华文教育的定位及其发展趋势

有关华文教育的定位,历来是一个很有争议的问题。华文教育涉及诸多的学科、政府与民间部门以及复杂多变的国际关系和各国社会状况、教育文化政策等,我们应对以上诸多因素给以全面、充分的重视。本文据此提出,华文教育应分属海外华人的民族文化教育、政府的侨务工作、中国的对外汉语教学以及华侨华人研究等几个领域。同时,华文教育自身的这种复杂性,也决定了其在今后一个时期的发展趋势,主要表现在低龄学生人数增加、华文学校功能进一步扩大、教学中的语言文字更加统一以及华文教育社会化并逐步进入所在国主流教育系统等方面。     

旅游高职教育发展的问题与对策

随着中国旅游业的迅猛发展,旅游业人力资源出现了严重短缺局面,与此同时,旅游高等职业教育发展却受到政策、生源、行业和自身发展水平等制约,步履维艰。为适应旅游业大发展,必须调整职业教育结构,理顺高等职业教育支持政策,提升旅游业就业吸引力,提高旅游高职院校的办学水平。     

金代兴学与教育发展

金代建国之初,文化教育较为落后。经过几位君王的努力和两次大规模的兴学,到金代中后期,探索出多民族国家发展教育的新途径,汉、女真两套学校教育系统建立并完备起来。金代的教育发展取得了显著的成效,也颇具特色。其成功的经验得到了当时文人和后世学者的肯定。     

Jumping Fish: Engendering Contestation and Development on the Waterways of the Aramia River in Papua New Guinea

ABSTRACT Set in the Aramia River basin, this article explores the intimate and interactive relationship between communities in Western Province, Papua New Guinea, and the water that dominates the environment in which they live. Located amongst tidal rivers, creeks and lagoons, Gogodala villages sit high on ‘islands’ of land. In this environment, water is the site of seasonal change and the space of movement. The Aramia River is synonymous with an ancestral figure called Sawiya who travelled in her canoe, naming, creating and populating the water and land of the area. As the ‘mother of all fish’, Sawiya controls the movement and abundance of fish and other aquatic resources. Water is embodied in Sawiya, whose capacities to both nourish and punish are the basis of seasonal variations in fish, and in the colour and clarity of water in the local lagoons and rivers. Set against the backdrop of the Ok Tedi Mine and recent logging operations on the Aramia, the article explores some of the ways in which water and its resources are defined and experienced in this rural community and the impact this may have on the exploitation and development of natural resources in PNG.     

族裔创业、市场竞争与双向影响——纽约唐人街巴士业发展历程探析

论文以纽约唐人街巴士业的发展历程为例,从族裔创业、市场竞争的角度,探讨了由来自中国大陆的新移民所创立的唐人街巴士业,与美国灰狗巴士业的竞争与相互影响。研究显示,唐人街巴士经历了行业发展与调整,保持较好的发展势头,而灰狗巴士依旧保持着行业的领先优势,占据较大的市场份额。外来移民的母国文化及其生活经验有助于他们在异域创业,参与移入国的市场竞争可以促进他们对移居地社会的适应,在一定程度上推动移居地社会的改变。同时。美国本土巴士企业及整个行业,也因为唐人街巴士的竞争而发生转变。跨国移民与移居地社会,通过商业竞争、双向影响而实现优势互补,推动了移民与移居地社会的共同发展。     

近代青岛城市规划与城市发展关系的历史研究及启示

青岛是中国近代城市中按规划建设发展起来的典型代表,在城市的形成和发展过程中,城市规划与城市发展体现了良好的互动关系。历史研究显示,合理的城市规划是城市发展的前提,对城市性质、城市空间形态、城市形象、城市经济活动乃至城市社会结构等方面都发挥具体的作用。近代青岛不仅用事实证明城市规划与城市发展的关系,而且对今天的城市规划工作,无论从进一步认识城市规划的作用,还是具体到规划的制订与实施等方面都有若干启示。     

华侨与近代侨乡工业——以广东梅县为例

将田野调查与历史研究结合起来,以学界研究较薄弱的山区侨乡——梅县为研究区域,对华侨与近代侨乡工业发展的关系进行了分析。结果显示,华侨在率先投资近代工业中,注重引进西方先进的技术和西方近代企业制度及经营理念。在侨乡工业从传统向近代转型的过程中,华侨起了积极的推动作用。     

近代日本高等教育的形成与发展--以国家主义教育体制的确立为中心

以日本江户时代的教育发展为基础,明治时代以来的日本最终树立了自身的国家主义教育体制,在这样一个近代化的过程之中,日本始终保持了自身的主体性的、连续性的发展轨迹。而且,这一近代化的发展历程也充分地反映了日本文化的复合性与创造性的根本特征。     

基于“十二五”规划视角的浦东新区旅游业发展研究——现状、问题及构想

“十二五”旅游业发展规划是将我国旅游业培育成国民经济战略性支柱产业与人民群众更加满意的现代服务业的关键性规划。本文基于“十二五”规划的视角,运用产业经济学理论,通过深入调查,对上海建设世界一流旅游目的地城市的重要区域——浦东新区的旅游业发展进行研究,其主要内容包括：（1）浦东新区旅游业发展的现状研究;（2）浦东新区旅游业发展评估及问题研究;（3）浦东新区旅游业“十二五”及至2020年的发展构想。本研究对其他类似区域制定旅游业发展的“十二五”规划具有一定的参考意义。     

Reading menageries: using eighteenth-century print sources to historicise the sensorium of menagerie spectators and their encounters with exotic animals

Histories of exotic animal collection and display in Britain during the long eighteenth century have not been conventionally concerned with the sensory or bodily experiences of menagerie spectators. Olfactory, haptic and aural impressions – as well as the affective responses of laughter, disgust, anger and sympathy, are conspicuously absent in attempts to historicise animal collections. This paper principally argues that these often historically intangible and transient sensory experiences with animals were culturally significant acts or readings that produced meaning. To understand how spectators utilised their senses as an interpretive tool in reading menageries the article draws upon eighteenth-century understandings of the senses and bodily comfort. The manipulation of exotic animal bodies in menageries during the long eighteenth century had significant implications for British spectators. It is argued that their specific notions of Britishness in relationship to these captive animals from foreign climes articulated elite cultural notions of gender, climate and national character. In writing a sensory history of exotic animals in eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Britain the author contextualises the reading of contemporary print material with the concomitant experience of the material animals to which this print matter referred. What emerges is a reminder that the act of reading should not be isolated from the production of knowledge through other embodied experiences since such a dichotomy is arguably problematic for historians.