文物的分析与检测

对文物的材质和构造进行分析与检测,不仅对考古研究意义重大,而且也能为文物的保存、保护、鉴定等提供科学的依据。本文主要介绍了日本在文物保护与检测方面常用的一些技术方法。这些技术在文物领域日益发挥着巨大的作用,对更好地进行文物研究起到了积极的作用。     

我国世界文化遗产的时空分布——兼论我国世界文化遗产的申报

世界文化遗产已经成为许多旅游目的地的核心吸引物。我国的世界文化遗产数量居于世界第三,主要分布在黄河、长江流域,从遗产项目入选的时间看呈突变型、渐变型和平稳型三阶段特征,入选项目以符合世界文化遗产遴选标准第Ⅱ项和第Ⅲ项的居多,且以佛教文化遗存为多。目前我国比较重视对线性文化遗产、工业遗产、文化景观等的保护。本文认为：下一步开展申报时,要重视目前还没有世界文化遗产的部分省市,以体现文化的权力与利益平衡;在竞争性和选择性语境中,要宽容地对待各种历史文化遗产。     

21世纪的东亚:文化建设与文化交流国际学术研讨会综述

“21世纪的东亚:文化建设与文化交流”是由北京大学与澳门理工学院共同举办的国际学术研讨会,探讨东亚地区在全球化大潮之下,如何理性地审视自己的传统文化,有效应对外来挑战,把握文化建设的主动权,促进东亚国家的文化交往与文化繁荣。会议讨论的热点问题包括传统文化的现代价值、国际关系与东亚文化、全球化背景下的文化、文化保护与文化传播、东亚文化建设、“东亚意识”与华人社会文化倾向等方面。     

The International Fund for Cultural Diversity: a new tool for cooperation in the audiovisual field

This paper analyses the implementation of the International Fund for Cultural Diversity (IFCD), emerged from the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (UNESCO 2005). The uniqueness of this multilateral fund is that most of its resources are aimed at supporting actions of non-governmental organizations functioning within the fields of cultural policy and cultural industries in developing and underdeveloped countries. Through a thorough study of different decisions and documents, this text analyses the IFCD’s funding, the results of the first calls for initiatives and the support obtained by projects focused on the audiovisual industry. Conceived as an instrument to implement initiatives whose goal is to strengthen the cultural sphere of the poorest countries, the hitherto modest IFCD faces now questions about its future growth and effectiveness in terms of changing the existing imbalance at work within the flows of audiovisual content both regionally and internationally.     

实践困境、国际经验与新文化保守主义的行动哲学——关于乡村振兴与非物质文化遗产保护的思考

2003年《保护非物质文化遗产公约》(以下简称《公约》)的出台与推行,令非物质文化遗产及其保护工作在世界范围内获得了广泛关注。这种关注不仅表现在《公约》缔约国数量的增加与各国相关实践的深入,也展现在《公约》及其相关国际文书中所强调的多边对话、相互尊重、以社区为中心等一系列由理念构成的工作原则在各缔约国保护实践中的逐步内化。只是在内化过程中,上述国际理念与缔约国复杂的文化事实磋磨出各种"水土不服"的现象。检省这些现象所展露的困境与经验,探讨其背后的新文化保守主义的行动哲学,有助于为非物质文化遗产保护的中国模式寻求更多的可能性,让上述理念不至变为囿束,转而成为推动中国乡村振兴与非物质文化遗产可持续发展的动力。     

Sustainability Science Partnerships in Concept and in Practice: a Guide to a New Curriculum from a European Perspective

This paper makes the case for advancing sustainability science partnerships (SSPs) both within universities and through innovative means of integrating universities with external public‐private and civil sectors. It links the basic principles of sustainable development with an emerging science of cooperative learning that connects researchers to a wide range of partners. SSPs are specifically designed to be transformational through becoming active agents for societal change. Universities play a special role here because they can act both as communication networks and as laboratories for developing the capability to design and manage SSPs in the creative transition to sustainability. It is gratifying to note that these ideas are beginning to emerge in a number of universities, with European examples being highlighted in this paper. Further steps towards introducing full‐blooded SSPs across the university spectrum are suggested.     

Enhancing the Sustainability and Earthquake Resistance of Confined Masonry Dwellings: The Case of El Salvador

The seismic vulnerability of housing stock in El Salvador was demonstrated during the recent 2001 earthquakes. Relative to other types of common residential construction, confined masonry dwellings performed well. A coordinated pilot study was conducted with the objective of improving the seismic resistance of this form of construction while reducing associated costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Laboratory tests examined brick strength in relation to firing temperature and duration. Analytical studies examined the potential for voided bricks to improve seismic performance, the reduction in demands associated with stiffening the roof diaphragm, and demands imposed on the roof bracing system. This pilot study identifies the potential for voided bricks to reduce construction costs and greenhouse gas emissions with negligible effects on performance. The addition of end-bay diagonal bracing at the roof level resulted in significant performance enhancements.     

Cultural policies for sustainable development: four strategic paths

Abstract

In the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015, the role of culture is limited. We argue that culture’s absence is rooted in the longue durée of interplay among theoretical and policy debates on culture in sustainable development and on cultural policy since the mid-twentieth century. In response to variations in concepts and frameworks used in advocacy, policy, and academia, we propose four roles cultural policy can play towards sustainable development: first, to safeguard and sustain cultural practices and rights; second, to ‘green’ the operations and impacts of cultural organizations and industries; third, to raise awareness and catalyse actions about sustainability and climate change; and fourth, to foster ‘ecological citizenship’. The challenge for cultural policy is to help forge and guide actions along these co-existing and overlapping strategic paths towards sustainable development.     

文化遗产 文化自觉 文化建设——追寻中国文化遗产事业的发展历程

文物古迹是过去文化的载体,文化既是不同人们共同体在特定时空中适应环境与社会的结晶,也是人类曾经的生存可能性的记录,因此,文化遗产是发展的智慧资源而非包袱。改革开放以来我们对文物与文化遗产及其价值的认识有一个不断拓展和提高的过程,经历了由古玩、文物到全民性的文化遗产自觉的演变。正确认识和处理不同文化及历史文化遗产,既是作为文明古国的中国发展过程中无法避开的选择,也是全球化、信息化时代古今中外文化大会面时代人类和谐共处、共同繁荣的前提性要求。     

Cultural policy archetypes: the bathwater and the baby

ABSTRACT

Cultural policy archetypes have been fundamental to comparative cultural policy study and continue to be influential in both everyday and scholarly characterizations of national cultural policy systems. This paper explores the proposition that cultural policy archetypes reflect what people believe to be true about culture – their cultural ideologies. Cultural ideologies are integral to the formation of cultural policy and, thus, must be considered in any theory that hopes to measure the extent to which and explain why cultural policies differ. Cultural ideologies embody ideas about why culture is important and how it should be governed. Those ideologies spotlight certain administrative mechanisms, overemphasizing their role in systems that actually are deeply administratively hybrid. This makes archetypes poor tools for analyzing the mechanisms of cultural policy; however, because archetypes tell us about cultural ideologies in straightforward and powerful ways, it is essential that they continue to be a part of comparative cultural policy study.     

新时期文化产业建设考察

文化与文化生产、文化产业是不同性质、不同层次的概念。新中国对文化事业和文化产业的理解既受到经济发展水平的限制,也受到意识形态观念的影响。从单一的文化建设向文化事业与文化产业并举的转变反映了新时期理论界、文化界对社会主义文化建设理论的大胆探索和积极实践。群众文化作为意识形态的一部分,因其具有广泛的大众娱乐消费基础以及与传统文化和民间文化的紧密联系,成为催生文化产业最丰饶的沃土。文化经济正崛起为21世纪我国新的经济增长点,文化产业处于大发展时期。而文化产品作为文化的载体,其生产与传播方式的变革必然会对文化的传承与发展产生巨大的影响。文化的核心是价值观,文化传统必定持续地存在并显现于文化生活和文化产品中。在繁荣文化经济的同时,如何处理当代文化与传统文化、民族文化与外来文化的关系,是发展繁荣社会主义文化必须面对的课题。     

中国佛教的文化景观

佛教文化景观是文化地理的重要内容之一,本文系统地介绍了我国佛教的起源、传播及景观,详细地论述了佛教的寺院殿堂、雕塑与绘画、佛教音乐与风俗等文化景观.     

Cultural Heritage and Ecosystem Services: A Literature Review

During the last decade, we have witnessed an increased interest in Ecosystem Services (ES), including the so-called ‘cultural ecosystem services’ and its subcategory of ‘cultural heritage’. In this article, a review of academic literature of ES and cultural heritage is carried out. ES has primarily been developed by scholars from the ecological and economic disciplines, and in this article, we discuss how this impacts the way in which cultural heritage is used and conceptualised in ES literature. Based on the conceptual review, we initiate a discussion of what the implications for cultural heritage management could be if the heritage sector adopts the rationales in the ES framework.     

关于民族文物的几点认识

民族文物是人类文化遗产的重要组成部分,是反映古代不同社会形态以及生产、生活状况的活化石.它填补了史籍记载的缺失和田野考古的不足,为人类社会发展史研究提供了珍贵的实物资料,在科学研究、发展旅游业、繁荣民族经济等方面具有重要价值.民族文物是中华民族的珍贵遗产,应及时抢救保护.     

新时期文化发展战略的演变

改革开放30年来,我国文化发展战略的演变以中共十五大为界可划分为两个发展时期:前期从1978年到1996年,文化发展战略以精神文明建设为主导;后期从1997年中共十五大召开至今,文化发展战略在强调精神文明建设的同时,更加重视提升国家综合实力和文化软实力。这一发展历程表明,改革开放以来,执政党和全社会的文化自觉意识明显提高,文化建设的着力点已从强调政治思想教育转变为满足人民群众的基本文化权益和文化需求,文化的内涵和外延进一步扩大,文化认知达到新的高度。新时期我国文化发展战略的演变是建设中国特色社会主义的需要,是应对全球化浪潮的必然结果,也是适应新科技革命时代的自我调整。     

打碎技术创新的文化桎梏——从文化的角度透视我国的技术创新活动

目前,羁绊我国技术创新的文化因素,既有传统文化中积淀的不利方面,也能从当代不够完善的体制中找到印记。推进我国的技术创新活动,需要从观念文化、制度文化、组织文化等方面构建有利于创新的文化环境。     

《和名类聚抄》成书过程的文化概观

一个民族语言的发展,离不开其周围环境和吸收先进文化的内涵,而语言的表现形式又与其发展过程中的语言资料——辞书的发展有着密不可分的关系。《和名类聚抄》是日本辞书中对中国大陆文化吸取过程的代表之作,它的成书过程和内容有着一个划时代的意义和平安时期语言文化史所应该拥有的价值,同时又包含了作者源顺与《和名抄》之间的一个文化故事。     

Cultural policies and national identity in Catalonia

This article looks at the general trends regarding identity in Catalan cultural policy. National identity is not a new issue in Catalonia, since language and culture have been key factors in constructing the Catalan nation throughout its history. Nevertheless, the increasing flow of immigrants from other countries, particularly since 2000, has resulted in a strengthening of identity issues. The article examines how this social change has affected the definition of cultural policies and describes the measures implemented by the Catalan government. We conclude that considerable progress has been made in terms of the promotion of national identity through cultural policies, although some questions remain regarding the social use of the Catalan language and the consumption of cultural products in Catalan.     

国际法对文化遗产旅游利用认识的演进

文化遗产保护的国际法是文化遗产保护和利用的基本依据.本文通过梳理近百年来国际法中关于旅游利用方面的内容,揭示了国际法对旅游利用的认识与态度的变化趋势.本文认为,国际法对文化遗产旅游利用的认识与态度的重要转变主要体现在3个方面,即：从对环境影响的关注到对经济社会文化影响的关注;从对遗产的原真性与完整性保护需要的关注到对社区发展与游客精神体验需要的关注;从对待旅游利用被动、消极的态度到主动、积极的态度.我国当前的文化遗产旅游利用实践远未与国际法接轨,遗产保护与旅游利用的立法尚处于缺失阶段,因此须完善文化遗产保护与利用的相关立法以引导和规范文化遗产旅游利用的实践.     

Envisioning Seoul as a World City: The Cultural Politics of the Hong-dae Cultural District

This article explores how the vision of a world city influences local cultural politics, by looking at an attempt to construct a cultural quarter in Seoul, South Korea. The Hong-dae area of Seoul has a reputation as a vibrant place of urban amenities, emerging cultural forms, and neighbourhoods of cultural workers and artists. In 2003, the city government announced a policy to create a Cultural District in the area. Subsequently, local conflict over defining Hong-dae culture emerged, and the plan was later postponed. This study elucidates how the proposed policy, framed by a vision of Seoul as a world city, led local actors to territorialise, fossilise, ethnicise and capitalise Hong-dae culture. It argues that competition for world city status may politicise and territorialise urban cultural scenes, rather than enhancing the urban amenities of diversity, openness and tolerance.