乡村口述史的理论与实践——以笔者在农村的访谈为例

乡村口述史是围绕农村、农民而进行的口述史学研究。乡村口述史料的发掘不仅可以弥补县及县以下政府部门所藏文献资料的不足,还可以揭示出某些文献资料所不能记录的历史真相,使我们进一步了解历史的多维面相。但是乡村口述史的搜集、整理又是一项非常艰苦的工作,研究者必须具有克服困难的勇气、耐力与技巧。     

Variation in Venues of Slavery and Freedom: Interpreting the Late Eighteenth-Century Cultural Landscape of St. John, Danish West Indies Using an Archaeological GIS

An archaeological GIS is used to examine the late eighteenth-century cultural landscape of St. John, US Virgin Islands. Land use patterns are reconstructed using a combination of historic maps, tax records, and survey reconnaissance. The study demonstrates significant, heretofore undocumented, transitions taking place that reflect dynamic cultural and economic change within Danish West Indian plantation society that includes a significant trend towards land ownership by free-colored St. Johnians more than a half a century before emancipation. These venues of freedom are discussed in relation to broader patterns of estate consolidation and economic shifts.     

以杭州西湖文化景观为例探索利益相关者遗产话语权

联合国教科文组织世界遗产项目在各国的世界遗产申报过程中重视国际专家话语权,而忽视当地居民和游客的话语.在杭州西湖文化景观申遗的过程中,由于中西文化的差异性,国际专家不能全面地理解国内专家在西湖申遗文本中陈述的价值.而游客与当地居民的话语不仅能够理解西湖所体现的中国传统文化价值,也会将其与个人的情感、经历和记忆联系,构建...     

Layers of the Landscape: Representations and Perceptions of an Ordinary (Shared) Sports Landscape in a Haitian and Dominican Community

Over the last decade, much research has assessed sport in relation to geographical perspectives of place, landscape, and identity. Using multiple qualitative methods, including mental maps, interviews and conversations, and participant observation, this inductive study attempts to better understand local perceptions of an everyday landscape. This work was conducted in Villa Ascension, a rural community in the Dominican Republic consisting of Haitian and Dominican residents. Football is a strong component of Haitian identity, and baseball is likewise important to Dominicans. Currently, the community has one site where two sports are actively played. Given the community's heterogeneous ethnic composition, Villa Ascension's sports landscape is recognised as having multiple layers of meaning. Knowledge produced in this case study revealed the emergent themes of perceived interpretations of ordinary landscapes, the forging of boundaries, communal relationships and support, and hazards and modification of limited spaces for play. The landscape being a layered one with multiple representations of place and identity, the Haitians' broader perceptions suggest that they view the site as a place of primary importance. Alternatively, the Dominicans are attempting to forge and maintain their sense of sporting identity in the landscape.     

20世纪八九十年代西部农村的庙会文化——以陕北地区为个案

改革开放以来,陕北乡村发生了巨大的变化,由单一的农业经济向多元经济转变,城镇化速度加快,农村社会阶层出现分化,社会大环境的变化使重新兴盛的庙会既继承了传统庙会的功能,同时又表现出以庙会活动为中心形成社区文化共同体、从传统神灵信仰转换为社会需求的表达、在维护乡村秩序中扮演了重要角色、开始在社区公共事务中发挥作用以及促成民间庙会与地方政府的互动等新的特点。对其作出全面、客观的评估,对推动西部大开发,促进农村社会的稳定和发展,将会起到积极作用。     

文献与田野三视阈:中古州县治城位置考证方法研究——以唐代昌州治所变迁及静南县治地考辨为例

本文以唐代昌州治所变迁及静南县治地考辨为个案,提出文献分析与田野中的记忆、形胜、文物三视阈相结合,考证研究中古时期州县治城位置的方法。考证指出,唐代静南县必定不在今大足区龙水镇,也不在今大足区三溪镇,应在今大足区西五十里之地,旧称静南坝,即今大足区高升镇太和坝张家坝。乾元元年(758年),昌州初治昌元县,在今荣昌区盘龙狮子坝狮子林会龙桥,历史上又称旧州坝。大历四年(769年)迁移昌元县治到“南凭赤水,北倚长岩”的赖婆村,即今荣昌区河包镇。昌州因大历六年(771年)战乱而废,大历十年(775年)重置,至元和年间,昌州治和昌元县治地记载已不清晰,但至迟到元和八年(813年),昌州治所已经从昌元县改治静南县。到唐末景福元年(892年),昌州治从静南县改为大足县。考证过程中发现,由于传世历史文献地理认知上存在里程计算感性、方位坐标僵化、方位指向模糊、简脱衍串明显的“四大不精”,所以,在考证古代州县治地位置时,为了保证研究的信度,须用田野考察获取的乡土历史记忆、实地山川形胜、周边文物支撑三视阈对历史文献记载进行校证。     

"大跃进"前夕的一场农村社会主义教育运动——以山东昌潍为个案

1957～1958年,在反右扩大化的直接影响下,根据毛泽东和中共中央指示,中共山东昌潍地委在全区农村普遍开展了一次以两条道路大辩论、农业生产建设问题大辩论和整党、整团、整社为主题的三个阶段的社会主义教育运动.这场政治思想批判运动,虽然达到了预期的目的,但同时也掩盖了一些问题,使阶级斗争扩大化进一步蔓延到农村,也使"左"倾冒进的苗头进一步发展,给农村的政治、经济发展带来了长期的负面影响.