福泉的水利资源

福泉县位于贵州省中部,在云贵高源东斜坡上,跨东经107°14′～107°46′;北纬26°32′～27°02′之间,总面积1688平方公里。属亚热带季风气候地区,多年平均气温14.7℃;无霜期272天;降雨量1176毫米;一般风速3     

重庆市万州区中坝子遗址第三次发掘简报

中坝子遗址位于重庆市万州区 (原万县市 )小周镇涂家村二组 ,地处长江北岸的一级台地上 ,地理坐标为北纬 30°5 5′7″、东经 1 0 8°32′5 2″,海拔高度 1 2 5 .0 - 1 5 0 .0米 (图一 )。台地北靠丰都山 ,南临长江滩地 ,东西为流水冲沟 ,中心部分为台阶状梯田 ,周边为柑橘林带。遗址发现于 1 992年 ,1 994年南京大学进行过调查与试掘。遗址保存状况较好 ,属三峡地区 A级发掘保护遗址。为配合长江三峡水利工程区文物的保护和发掘 ,西北大学考古队于 1 997年 1 2月对中坝子遗址进行了详细的勘探、测量与发掘规划。在遗址中部确立了永久性的…     

黑龙江省农垦北安管理局—襄河农场

襄河农场1955年建场,地处五大连池市境内,海拔320米。地理坐标为北纬48°41′～48°56′,东经126°39′～127°15′;年均日照2277．6小时,年平均有效积温2100℃,无霜期105天,年均降雨563．4毫米。     

互助旅游指南

互县土族自治县,位于青海省东北部,地处北纬36°30′——37°9′,东经101°46′——102°45′之间。总面积3360平方公里,平均海拔2700米,年平均气温3.4℃。县城威远镇距省会西宁市30公里,县辖21个乡(镇),境内聚居着汉、土、藏、回、蒙古等民族的36万各族人民,其中土族人口6万多人,占全县总人口的16％,是全国唯一的土族自治县。     

重庆万州中坝子遗址第四次发掘简报

中坝子遗址位于重庆市万州区 (原万县市 )小周镇涂家村二组 ,地处长江北岸的一级台地 ,地理坐标为北纬 3 0°55′7″、东经1 0 8°3 2′52″ ,海拔高程 1 1 7 4米— 1 40米。北靠望丰都山 ,南临长江滩地 ,东西为流水冲沟 ,中心为梯田 ,周边为柑橘林 (图一 )。图一　中坝子遗址位置示意图　　 1 997年 1 2月 ,西北大学考古队对中坝子遗址进行了勘探、测量与发掘规划。 1 998年 2— 5月 ,进行了第 1次发掘 ,发掘 5×5ｍ探方 50个 ,发掘面积 1 2 50平方米 ;1 999年 2— 8月 ,进行了第 2次发掘 ,发掘5× 5ｍ探方 3 2个 ,发掘面积 80 0平方米 ;2 …     

黑龙江省农垦北安管理局—红星农场

红星农场坐地处小兴安岭中段南麓、轱辘滚河畔,位于北安市境内,地理坐标为北纬48°21′～48°17′,东经126°47′～127°15′,属寒温带大陆性季风气候区,年平均降水量556毫米,有效积温2200℃。农场总控制面积3．9万公顷,其中耕地面积2．4万亩。全场共有5个作业区、16个居民组,总人口1．3万人,是以一个...     

陕西古人类文化类型与分布

陕西位于中国北部,地理座标为东经105°29′——111°15′,北纬31°42′——39°35′.南部为秦巴山地,汉江横贯其中,届长江水系.中部为关中盆地,北部是黄土     

“九七”回归话香港

1997年是香港回归祖国具有重大历史意义的一年。在7月1日这个伟大时刻来临之际,就香港的有关问题谈点认识是十分必要而有益的。一、香港概况和历史建置沿革香港（包括香港岛、九龙以及“新界”本圾离岛三部分）,位于我国东南沿海珠江口以东,北纬22°9′至22°37′,东经113°52′至114°30′,是我国通往世界各地的南大门。据1995年有关资料统计,全境陆地总面积为1092平方公里,人口631万,其中98％以上是中国血统的居民,外国人不到2％。人口密度每平方公里超过5000人。届亚热带季风性湿润气候,年平均气温ZI．5”C,年均降雨量2216…     

哈尔滨管理局青年农场

<正>青年农场场部位于哈尔滨市道外区哈东路88号,地理坐标为北纬45°51′～46°,东经126°51′～127°,所辖祖代、江北、新发、长林、石桥、沿江6个作业区和1所医院分布在哈市道里、道外、松浦区。农场总户数427户,总人口1,820人。     

哈尔滨管理闫家岗农场

<正>闫家岗农场,位于哈尔滨市西南郊,距市中心19公里,地理坐标为北纬45°34′～45°39′,东经126°17′～126°21′之间,行政区划哈尔滨市道里区新农镇。     

The Enisei River of Central Siberia in the Late Pleistocene

Recent Paleolithic work along the middle Enisei River of central Siberia has revealed a long history of occupation that almost certainly begins in the Middle Pleistocene. Although the evidence for the Lower Paleolithic is somewhat tentative, there is good reason to believe that hunter-gatherers had periodically occupied the middle Enisei before the last interglacial. The steppe environment of the region during the Upper Pleistocene was relatively bountiful; more than 200 Upper Paleolithic sites, both before and after the Last Glacial Maximum, have been located. The region appears to have been abandoned during the Last Glacial Maximum. Most of Soviet and Russian archaeological work has been guided by a cultural–historical orientation, but recently there has been increased interest in developing adaptationist and ecological research strategies. The middle Enisei and the wider central Siberian region are key to understanding early adaptations to the north and the dimensions of Paleolithic population movements.     

The Paleolithic of Central Asia

The Lower Paleolithic of Central Asia is represented by several sealed and more or less firmly dated Lower–Middle Pleistocene cave and open-air sites in the southeastern part and by more numerous surface occurrences throughout the region. The assemblages assigned to the Lower Paleolithic form two rather distinct groups, one remarkable for well-made handaxes and the other characterized by cores and flakes with no handaxes. The distribution map of pebble industries and industries with handaxes shows that while the latter originate from the western regions of Central Asia, the former are concentrated in the eastern part of the area. The Middle Paleolithic assemblages of Central Asia do not form a single technocomplex. Their variability in time is difficult to assess, but variation in space is obvious. Very few Upper Paleolithic sites in this region are known. At the same time, their stone industries are very diverse and most of them differ sharply from each other and from sites in adjacent regions.     

Chagyrskaya Cave:A Middle Paleolithic Site In The Altai

This article presents the results of multidisciplinary studies conducted at Chagyrskaya – an Upper Pleistocene karst cave in the northwestern Altai where Middle Paleolithic stone tools and fossil remains of Neanderthals were found. Taphonomic aspects of the site are addressed, and results of science-based analyses including radiocarbon and paleomagnetic dating are presented. The deposits are similar to loess-like Upper Pleistocene loams of Western Siberia. Among the Middle Paleolithic industries of the Altai, the Chagyrskaya industry is paralleled only by that of Okladnikov (formerly Sibiryachikha) Cave. Both represent a local Middle Paleolithic Mousteroid facies, named Sibiryachikha after the eponymous site.     

江苏南部旧石器调查报告

1999～2001年间在江苏南部分别调查了句容、金坛、高淳等6市县旧石器地点16处,采集100余件石制品,类型有石核、石锤、砍砸器、镐、石球、尖刃器等。初步研究表明,石制品均出自下蜀黄土中,地质时代大约为中更新世中晚期,即旧石器时代早期。石器工业的性质与邻近的安徽水阳江流域旧石器十分接近,属于中国南方砾石石器——砍砸器传统。     

Reassessment of the Lower Paleolithic (Acheulean) presence in the western Tien Shan

Kulbulak (Uzbekistan) is among the most important Paleolithic sites in Central Asia. Based on excavations from the 1960s to the 1980s, a stratigraphic sequence yielding 46 archeological horizons of the Lower, Middle and Upper Paleolithic has been described. The lowermost 22 layers were at that time defined as Acheulean, both in cultural and chronological aspects. Based on these previous works, Kulbulak has thus often been cited as one of the rarest occurrences of Lower Paleolithic and Acheulean in the region. However, this attribution was debatable. New excavations at Kulbulak in 2007–2010 provided new material and the first reliable dates that permitted us to tackle this issue. Moreover, a reappraisal of the lithic collections and documents from previous excavations was also conducted. These new data clearly indicate the absence of Acheulean or even Lower Paleolithic at Kulbulak. On the contrary, the lithic assemblages from this site only correspond to Middle and Upper Paleolithic periods. The lowermost layers are particularly interesting due to the presence of an early industry with blade and bladelet technology.     

骨质修理器——石器修理的新视角

本文介绍在欧洲旧石器时代遗址中发现较多的用于修理石器的动物骨头和牙齿。这类工具被称为骨质修理器,为解读石器修理技术和人类对动物资源的利用提供了重要线索。文章通过实验揭示了骨质修理器的操作过程、效能及其痕迹特征,有助于分析修理器的技术和行为内涵。从技术操作和原材料的来源与供给来看,使用骨头或牙齿修理石器是很有效的方法且成本低。最后从考古材料来看,骨质修理器在欧洲旧石器时代中期和晚期常见,而在东亚尚未发现。这种分布特点可能反映了人类对原材料选择利用和文化传统的差异;另一方面随着我们对骨质修理器的关注和认识,随着动物遗存与石制品综合系统研究的开展,这种工具有可能在更多地区被发现,为研究旧石器时代的技术和人类行为提供更丰富的材料与视角。     

Excavations at the Bairaki Lower Paleolithic Site,Trans-Dniesteria,in 2011

Early Paleolithic deposits of the left-bank high seventh fluvial terrace of the Dniester were excavated at Bairaki, Trans-Dniestria. The assemblage is comprised of 28 artifacts including distinct flakes, cores, and Lower Paleolithic tools. Based on the 2011 geological and archaeological study, tools from the riverbed alluvium, paralleled by those of the Middle Oldowan, date to the earliest Lower Pleistocene. Bairaki, then, should be classified among the most ancient Paleolithic sites in Eastern Europe.     

The Chinese Upper Paleolithic: Geography, Chronology, and Techno-typology

This article reviews the archaeology and chronology of the Chinese Upper Paleolithic and the human fossils attributed to this period. The onset of the Upper Paleolithic in China dates to ca. 35,000–30,000 years ago and is marked by the appearance of a few body decorations and well-shaped bone tools that were added to stone tool assemblages, including core-and-flake tools in North China and cobble tools in South China. The proliferation of blade assemblages in northwest China is interpreted as the cultural impact or the physical presence of bearers of blade industries from western Eurasia. The ensuing appearance of microblade assemblages in North China by 23,000–22,000 years ago reflects the use of local siliceous crystalline nodules by a population that recognized the advantages of this raw material. At that time in South China, prehistoric artisans continued to shape their stone objects from the available flat river cobbles. During the later part of the Chinese Upper Paleolithic (ca. 21,000–10,000 BP), foragers also made bone tools, antler objects, pottery, and shell tools, which laid the technological foundations for the early Neolithic period. One difficulty in this research is that human fossils are rare. Few are well dated and morphological, cultural, and biological interpretations are hotly debated. Our review attempts to facilitate the understanding of a poorly known period in Chinese archaeology and its place in human cultural evolution.     

Standing at the gates of Europe: Human behavior and biogeography in the Southern Carpathians during the Late Pleistocene

This study presents a behavioral analysis of Middle and Upper Paleolithic lithic assemblages from 14 sites located in the southern Carpathian Mountains. Using a whole assemblage behavioral indicator, we show that the hominins that manufactured those stone tools do not appear to have differed in terms of the flexibility of the mobility strategies they employed to exploit their landscapes. Rather than biological change, we argue that large-scale climate changes are likely more important drivers of behavioral changes during the Late Pleistocene of the region, including during the Middle–Upper Paleolithic transition. These results agree well with the results of studies having employed this methodology in other regions, suggesting that this is a generalized feature of the transition across Eurasia. Recasting the transition as a mainly ecological rather than purely biocultural process allows us to generate new perspectives from which to approach the question of behavioral change during the Late Pleistocene, and ultimately suggests that the process referred to as the ‘Middle–Upper Paleolithic transition’ is essentially a brief segment of a much more extensive process driven by prehistoric human–environment interactions that would culminate in the highly logistical mobility strategies documented throughout the continent at the Last Glacial Maximum.     

Bairaki–a lower paleolithic site on the lower dniester

Findings of excavations at a Lower Paleolithic site, discovered in 2010 near Dubasari on the Lower Dniester, are described. Earlier, two sites with Lower Paleolithic fl int tools – Dubasari-1 (Bolshoi Fontan) and Pogrebya – were found nearby. The cultural layer, located in the top of the lower buried soil overlying the alluvial deposits of the sixth or seventh terrace of the Dniester, included a few stone artifacts and a fragment of an animal bone. The likely age of this buried soil is estimated at ca 500 ka by geological methods. In the alluvium gravel of the same terrace downstream, three pebble tools including two choppers made of a strong Cos?u?i sandstone, and four fl int pieces were found. Geological observations suggest that this alluvium is more than 800 ka old. So far these are the earliest stone tools discovered in a stratified context in the Russian, Moldavian, and Ukrainian parts of the Russian Plain.