儒家伦理与中国古代童蒙美育

童蒙教育即儿童启蒙教育,为中国古代教育系统的一个基本环节,而美育在童蒙教育中占有极为重要的地位。美作为一个哲学范畴,它是“道德精神的象征”(康德语)。也就是说它所关注的是对象的精神内容和意蕴及其生命和情感的表现。对这种精神、意     

朱熹的道德养成教育思想研究——基于其童蒙教材及读物的分析

朱熹编撰修订了多部童蒙教材和读物,形成了丰富的童蒙教育资源,这些童蒙教育资源承载着朱熹对童蒙教育的特别期待,蕴含着朱熹道德养成教育思想之精髓。朱熹将道德养成教育置于教育之首,以儒家纲常名教为教育核心,以"居敬""力行"为主要教育方法,将"尊德性"、"道问学"与儿童的日常行为训练、良好行为习惯的塑造养成密切相连,体现对养成教育的关键期——儿童期的特殊关注,对南宋及其以后的儿童教育产生了重要影响。朱熹有关儿童道德养成教育的思想及实践至今仍有重要的参考借鉴价值。     

宋代童蒙教育的主要特点

和前代相比,宋代的童蒙教育出现了以下特点：重视以理学为核心的伦理道德教育,并形成了重视自然科学常识教育的趋势;学校、家庭、社会三位一体,形成了多渠道、多层次的教育形式;“学而优则仕”的观念进一步强化,为科举制度服务的目的更加明确;名学和官员积极参与童蒙教育。这些特点,对明清乃至近代的童蒙教育产生了重要影响。     

小学语文教学尝试

语文教育在人的教育中有着举足轻重的作用。“语文是最重要的交际工具,是人类文化的重要组成部分。小学语文对于培养学生的思想道德品质和科学文化素养,对于学生学习其他学科和继续学习,对于弘扬祖国的优秀文化和吸收人类的进步文化,提高民族素质,都具有重要意义。”但是,在学生的学习过程中,语文教育又是一大难题,因为它决定着学生学习的前提。     

游戏教学法在小学科学教学中的运用

随着现代社会的快速发展,我国的综合国力有了明显的提高,在政治、经济、文化、医学、教育等领域都取得了卓越的发展。小学科学是小学课程教育中的重要组成部分,让学生在小学科学课程中领略科学世界的奥妙。新时期下,对于小学科学的教学方法提出了新的要求。游戏教学法在小学科学教学中的应用是教育的又一次进步。本文就游戏教学法在小学科学教学中的运用进行了分析与探究。     

农村小学语文教学存在的问题及改进对策

义务教育的第一阶段是小学教育,语文是小学教育的基础,随着新课程的改革,小学的各个学科的教学都有了很明显的进步,其中也包括小学语文。当然在进步的同时,也慢慢的发现了一些存在的问题。本文就为当前小学语文教学存在的一些问题进行研究,并对其问题提出相对应的解决对策,希望能对当前小学语文教学发展有一定的帮助。     

汉代儿童的游艺生活

儿童期是人生极其重要的时期。儿童是绝大多数家庭的基本成分,又是所有社会的基本成分,因而儿童的生活情状是我们研究社会史不能不予以认真注视的考察对象。通过对汉代儿童生活的考察,有助于更为全面、更为真切地认识汉代家庭生活和汉代社会生活。游戏玩乐是儿童生活的主要特征①。故《史记·律书》说“年六七十翁”恬然逸乐,有“游敖嬉戏如小儿状”语。汉代儿童游艺生活的形式与内容,兼及社会物质生活史与社会精神生活史,关心汉代史的社会史学者,应该有探考其详的兴趣。晋人杜夷《幽求子》说：“年五岁有鸠车之乐,七岁有竹马之欢。…     

杏雨书屋藏羽41R《杂字一本》研究——兼谈归义军时期的童蒙识字教育

杏雨书屋藏羽41R《杂字一本》是沙州归义军官学中为推行童蒙识字教育而编写的教材。其中所收杂字,涉及归义军政权的地理、政治、经济、军事、职官、外交、民族、宗教、社会生活等方面,是反映沙州社会实际和归义军整体面貌的重要语词。这些融入童蒙教材中的"时用要字",显示了沙州官学童蒙教育较强的实用性和通识性特点,对于弘扬敦煌乡土文化,凝结瓜、沙官民的地方保护意识,激发民众给予归义军的浓厚热情,乃至巩固归义军政权,都有一定的积极意义。     

王夫之进步教育观论略

作为明清之季杰出的思想家,王夫之的主要贡献并不在教育方面,但他却有着丰富而进步的教育思想。尤其是他的重视对儿童进行早期教育、重视“情商”教育的思想,以及行先知后的知行观等,都极大地丰富了中国传统教育理论,并在今天仍然散发着它的理论光芒。     

挖掘育人素材，培养爱国情怀——语文课堂教学中爱国主义教育探索

<正>2019年11月中共中央国务院印发的《新时代爱国主义教育实施纲要》提出了新时期爱国主义教育的新要求,为爱国主义教育注入了新内涵,指出了新时期爱国主义教育的具体策略和措施。初中阶段正是人生成长的黄金期,是世界观、人生观形成的重要阶段,更是初中学生心理从幼稚走向成熟的重要阶段,因此,“扣好第一粒扣子”很重要,为此,作为语文老师必须要在语文课堂教学中尽最大努力、最大程度地挖掘语文教材中的爱国主义素材,以践行“童蒙养正”之道,培育“有文化、有理想、有纪律、有道德”的时代新人。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

The Chemists' Style of Thinking

Der Denkstil der Chemiker. Der Aufsatz diskutiert die Tragfähigkeit des Begriffes “Denkstil”, wie er von Alistair Crombie eingeführt und Ian Hacking aufgegriffen wurde, für das Verständnis dessen, wie das Fach Chemie historisch seine Identität ausgeprägt hat. Obwohl weder Crombie noch Hacking den Begriff “Denkstil” in Bezug auf einzelne Disziplinen verwendet haben, erscheint im Fall der Chemie seine Anwendung besonders vielversprechend, weil er hier hilft, ein zentrales Problem zu thematisieren – nämlich die Frage, wie es Chemikern trotz wechselnder Gegenstandsbereiche und theoretischer Umbrüche gelang, eine eigenständige und stabile Identität auszubilden. Nach einer Einführung in den Begriff “Denkstil”, argumentiert der Aufsatz, dass die Beständigkeit der Chemie als eines Faches wesentlich in ihren Laborpraktiken gründet, die ihrerseits wiederum die spezifische Art der Fragen bestimmten, die Chemiker in ihren Forschungen stellten bzw. die Form der Antworten, nach denen sie suchten. Folgende Merkmale kennzeichnen diesen “chemischen Denkstil” (1) eine spezifische, im Herstellen begründete Form des Wissens, (2) die Befassung mit einzelnen Stoffen und Materialien statt mit Materie im Allgemeinen und (3) eine Beobachtung von Natur besonders im Hinblick auf Transformationsprozesse. The Chemists' Style of Thinking. This paper discusses the relevance of the notion of “styles of scientific thinking” introduced by Alistair Crombie and revisited by Ian Hacking, for understanding how chemistry shaped its identity. Although neither Crombie nor Hacking applied this notion to individual disciplines, it seems appropriate to use it in the case of chemistry because it helps to address a puzzling issue: how did chemists manage to shape an identity of their own, despite shifting territories and theoretical transformations? Following a presentation of the notion of style, I will argue that the stable identity of chemistry is rooted in laboratory practices, which determined the specific questions that chemists put to nature as well as the answers to their questions. The “chemical style of thinking” is characterized by i) a specific way of knowing through making, ii) the concern with individual materials rather than matter in general and iii) a specific commitment to nature.