国外旅游犯罪研究综述

旅游犯罪作为一个严重的社会问题,近年来引起了社会各界的广泛关注,并成为国外旅游研究的重要领域之一。本文在梳理国外相关文献的基础上,对旅游与犯罪的关系、旅游犯罪的形成原因、时空分布规律、分类专项研究、旅游者与居民对犯罪的感知、相关社会影响和防范治理等多个方面进行了较详细的分析,以期能为国内旅游犯罪的防治和相关研究提供有益的思路和借鉴。     

国外旅游虚拟社区研究进展及启示

网络信息时代,旅游虚拟社区不断涌现,并对旅游决策、旅游营销产生日益深远的影响。国外学者关注到旅游虚拟社区的影响,并由此展开了广泛的研究与探讨。通过相关文献的梳理,发现国外旅游虚拟社区研究起步较早,视角宽泛,理论日趋成熟。研究重点主要集中在成员参与需求、心理情感与成员行为、UGC行为主体、UGC价值与影响四个方面。研究方法上注重定性与定量有机结合,并借助先进的网络调查,使结论更具科学性。最后,基于国外研究现状提出值得关注的问题和方向,以期为国内相关研究与实践提供借鉴。     

国外农业旅游研究综述

通过对相关外文数据库的检索,获得1980年以来国外农业旅游研究方面的文献370余篇,其研究内容主要涉及:农业旅游的兴起、农业旅游的概念和类型、农业旅游的影响、农业旅游的发展条件和障碍、农业旅游的发展策略、农业旅游中的性别问题、农业旅游目的地的生命周期、气候与环境变化对农业旅游开发的影响等。虽然国外在农业旅游研究方面起步较早,研究领域广泛,并已深入到许多微观层面,但仍有一些问题需要继续深入研究,如农业旅游内涵与外延的界定,从多方面多角度对农业旅游类型的划分,全面认识农业旅游的影响等。     

国外旅游利益相关者研究综述与启示

本文在搜集分析相关文献的基础上,较为系统地对国外相关研究进行了归纳和评述,指出其研究内容主要集中于旅游利益相关者的界定及分类;旅游规划、管理与营销中的利益相关者问题;旅游环境伦理与可持续发展中的利益相关者问题;社区旅游及其协作中的利益相关者问题等多个方面,大多采用实证研究方法。最后本文探讨了国外研究对国内研究的启示,期望能够对国内相关研究产生一定的借鉴意义。     

国外区域旅游差异研究综述

区域旅游差异研究是国外旅游研究的重点领域之一。为充分了解其研究成果与动态,本文通过检索国际权威旅游学术期刊《Annals of Tourism Research》和《Tourism Management》1979-2012年期间的相关文献,发现国外区域旅游差异的研究历程呈明显的阶段性,从区域旅游资源差异、市场差异、竞争力差异、文化差异、利益相关者行为差异等五个方面进行论述,在总结其研究体系的基础上做出评价。认为国外区域旅游差异研究体系完善,尤其擅长在案例研究中运用人类学、社会学及心理学研究方法展开微观层面及软指标的调查探析,但理论研究相对较少,缺乏对欠发达国家及地区相关问题的关注,国内研究则应根据我国具体国情与地域特点,借鉴国外研究经验,并规避其不足。     

胁迫视角下乡村旅游地文化影响研究进展与框架构建

乡村文化的保护和发展不仅是新时期我国乡村振兴的重要课题,也是乡村旅游可持续发展的关键所在。旅游开发在带来乡村经济振兴的同时,更多的是胁迫乡村文化生态系统发生变化、产生反应或功能失调,进而导致乡村文化的受损甚至消亡。通过国内外乡村旅游地文化影响相关文献的梳理归纳和研究评述,本文发现当前研究缺乏基于文化胁迫视角的理论框架、文化影响的系统性研究及量化表达薄弱。在系统回顾胁迫生态理论的科学内涵和发展趋势的基础上,指出其应用在乡村旅游人地关系研究中的重要意义,进而提出旅游开发对乡村文化的胁迫模型和胁迫视角下乡村旅游地文化影响研究亟需解决的核心问题。最后从时间-空间-社会维度出发,构建旅游开发对乡村文化胁迫研究的理论框架和内容体系,以期为快速城镇化和旅游发展背景下的乡村振兴、乡村文化保护和乡村旅游可持续发展提供理论参考。     

民族社区旅游研究进展及展望

民族社区旅游是旅游地理学领域重要的研究命题,本论文梳理了国内外民族社区旅游研究成果,从概念内涵、研究脉络、重要研究内容三个方面分析了民族社区生计变迁、发展模式、空间结构、感知与主客关系、原真性、旅游赋权与恢复力等重点内容,评述了国内外研究在对象、时间、领域、内容和方法上的差异,提出了中国民族社区旅游研究的理论框架。研究认为,现有研究多从人地关系的单要素出发,对民族社区旅游发展的要素、模式、演化等方面缺乏系统研究,今后应从民族社区旅游的“人”、“地”、“人地关系地域系统”三方面的关联性出发,突破片段化、碎片化研究限制,针对中国民族社区旅游的当代形态、发展特征与变化趋势,重点关注民族社区旅游人地关系地域系统变化、作用过程与机制、发展效应与优化管理等方面,形成“要素-结构-过程-机理-效应”集成化的研究体系,以指导未来中国民族社区旅游可持续发展。     

国外乡村旅游研究综述

本文总结了国外乡村旅游研究的进展,指出国外研究的成果主要集中在乡村旅游供给、乡村旅游需求、乡村旅游影响等方面.基于上述研究状况和乡村旅游发展现状,笔者认为今后国外乡村旅游研究的重点将可能为:对乡村旅游跨学科、多角度进行的实证和理论研究,乡村旅游有关术语、作用和基础理论的国际共识研究,国际合作跨地区、跨文化的乡村旅游共时比较研究及对乡村旅游发展演进不同阶段的历时归纳研究.     

旅游地居民对旅游影响感知研究综述及中外研究比较

随着旅游业迅速发展,旅游影响研究逐渐成为研究热点,而基于居民感知视角的旅游影响研究是当前主要研究范式。本文对1995-2008年之间相关文献进行分类和统计,从文献数量变化、研究指标、研究地、研究方法、作者分布等进行中外对比分析。分析旅游影响研究在指标选取、研究方法和研究地域等方面的总体特征及国内和国外研究的特征,以分析旅游影响研究的主要内容和中外差异特征,并基于分析的结果,对国内未来的研究提出一些建议。     

旅游区域联合开发研究——以粤西海岛旅游开发为例

文章从分析粤西海岛旅游开发的现状入手,提出运用区域联合开发是粤西海岛旅游可持续发展的关键。采用对比分析的方法,客观地评价了粤西海岛旅游开发现状和优劣势,认为要解决粤西各海岛现存的对海岛资源破坏性的过渡开发和各海岛之间的替代性竞争,必须建立粤西海岛旅游联合区,采用粤西海岛旅游区域联合开发的模式。并依据联合开发模式,发挥各海岛的优势,从客源细分和产品设计对粤西海岛旅游联合区进行整体定位。     

Sustainability of the tourist supply chain and governance in an insular biosphere reserve destination: the perspective of tourist accommodation

ABSTRACT

Small islands in peripheral regions are currently perceived as attractive tourist destinations. Governance plays an important role as a strategy for the revival of such destinations to achieve a more productive, environmental, social and sustainable management structure. ‘Good’ governance of a destination depends on all the actors involved in the tourism network. Such governance requires a redefinition of relations between government and society and minimal boundaries between public and private sectors. This paper has analysed the level of implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in a tourist destination that is a biosphere reserve (BR), the island of Fuerteventura (Canary Islands, Spain), from a comprehensive approach involving a tourism supply chain (TSC) with private and public agents. The focal firms analysed within the TSC have been tourist accommodation establishments in Fuerteventura. The paper shows that the level of involvement of tourist accommodation in CSR is positive. However, this involvement is not sufficiently high to meet the requirements of a destination designated as a BR. Therefore, coordination policies should be developed that promote governance systems and further enhance sustainability in the destination.     

Resilience and Non-Linear Change in Island Tourism

Abstract

Perhentian Kecil, located off the east coast of peninsular Malaysia, is predominantly a small-scale tourism destination, specifically for backpackers and independent travellers. Against the context of an aggressive drive by the state government to remove small-scale tourism development in favour of formal and high-end resorts, this paper examines the local responses to the exogenous factors that had threatened the equilibrium, and hence sustainability, of the tourism systems on the island. The paper draws upon a longitudinal study with multiple visits over an extended period since the mid-1990s. Using insights from Resilience Theory, the paper argues that this island destination is an example of non-linear change rather than conventional resort evolution. The paper also discusses how the authors – as researchers – had to realign their research framework and approach to take into consideration the growing complexities of tourism development in small island destinations.     

生态旅游目的地等级评价的理论分析

目前生态旅游的研究已经从概念理论探讨转入可行性实践的判别中。上世纪90年代后期开始出现了许多对生态旅游及其目的地进行评价及论证的研究,生态旅游影响研究成为主流。
本文介绍了国内外生态旅游评价研究的基本状况、所取得的成果以及存在的问题和困难,并在借鉴他人研究成果的基础上提出了"生态旅游程度(Ecotdegree)"及"生态旅游等级"两个概念。前者指生态旅游目的地在经营过程中所能体现出的生态(Eco)思想、观念及行为的程度;后者则将生态旅游目的地划分为四个等级:自然旅游,一级生态旅游,二级生态旅游及高级生态旅游。文章将"生态旅游程度"作为评价的总目标,在系统分析的基础上,设置了相应的八大类指标体系,并从理论上探讨了具体的评价方法。     

南京大学旅游地理学的历史回顾与研究展望

旅游地理学是一门关于研究地表旅游现象的人地关系作用规律及其规划实践的科学,是地理学衍生的具有相对独立专业知识体系的分支学科。南京大学以及中国旅游地理学的发展最早可追溯到任美锷1940年在《地理学报》发表的《自然风景与地质构造》一文。改革开放后,南京大学旅游地理经历两个阶段:1979-2002年,旅游地理深植于传统优势的地理学科;2002至今,旅游地理向纵深发展,在国内外核心期刊发表论文600多篇。在《地理学报》、《地理研究》、《地理科学》等地理学权威期刊上,南京大学发表旅游论文数量位居国内所有高校与科研院所的首位。重点研究领域有旅游地理学的基础理论与方法、旅游资源评价与区域旅游开发、旅游环境变化与旅游人地关系等三个方面。篇末展望了旅游地理学中旅游资源评价、旅游市场分析、旅游空间结构、区域旅游影响、旅游规划理论、旅游地理范式等基本问题的研究趋势。     

The Mainland Chinese market for nature tourism in Hong Kong

ABSTRACT

Nature tourism has been emerged as an ecologically sensitive form of tourism in developed and developing countries. A large influx of tourists would have both benefits and adverse impacts on these destinations. With an increasing influence of Chinese market in many destinations and tourism activities worldwide, it is important to understand the perceptions and preferences of Chinese tourists toward natural attributes so that proper approaches to destination planning and marketing can be derived to better attract these segments of tourists and sustainably manage tourism resources. The results of an empirical study of a sample of Mainland citizens (n = 430) to Hong Kong's nature areas show that (1) they exert a high degree of interest in participating in nature tourism; (2) female and older people are more interested in visiting natural environment; (3) these potential nature tourists from China prefer going to places in association with sea views, and engaging in photo-taking, non-commercial activities and less artificial elements; and (4) the nature tourism attributes form two factors related to aspects of educational needs and relaxation (an experiential factor), and nature-oriented but also convenient (a functional factor). These considerations can lead to the development of ecotourism products that are better suited to meeting the interests of mainland Chinese tourists, while also enriching the host experience.     

基于人地关系的生态旅游地域系统演变定量分析

本研究通过建立人类活动无序度和生态环境承载力评价指标体系和模型,用简化系统结构关系的方法测算生态旅游地域系统熵值,以此来分析生态旅游地域系统的功能状况;生态旅游地域系统中人类活动主要是旅游者的旅游活动、当地社区和居民的活动和当地旅游业活动三个方面,构建了27个具体指标来评价人类活动的无序度;生态环境承载力主要通过自然基础、生态系统、水资源和大气环境四个方面共8个具体指标来测算。最后通过生态旅游地域系统熵变即两个不同时刻人类活动无序度熵变和生态环境承载力熵变差值,来判断生态旅游地域系统在时间断面上的演变方向和可持续发展能力。     

形象趋同与个性趋异:资源同质目的地品牌差异化定位研究

品牌差异化定位是目的地获取竞争优势的重要手段,当前由于目的地旅游资源同质化,导致了目的地品牌形象趋同、竞争力下降等问题。针对此,本研究试图借鉴品牌个性理论找到目的地差异化定位的新视角。文章选取周庄、乌镇和西塘三个资源禀赋相同的目的地为研究对象,通过分析到访旅游者撰写的游记发现,虽然旅游者对不同目的地的感知形象相似,但是感知个性存在明显差异。其中,乌镇的个性集中表现为"雅";周庄"智"的个性最突出;西塘则在"乐"上有更好表现。基于此,本文为三个目的地提供了个性导向的品牌定位建议。研究表明在品牌形象趋同的情况下,资源同质旅游目的地仍可借助趋异的品牌个性进行差异化定位,并使品牌获得持久的竞争力。     

Tourism and Sustainable Development on the Isle of Eigg,Scotland

Although the concept of sustainability has long permeated the literature on tourism and its development, the research on sustainability in tourism rarely reaches beyond the industry level to examine how tourism contributes to the sustainable development of a given destination in wider terms and how effective such processes can be in different economic, environmental and socio-cultural settings. The aim of this paper is to contribute to this important, yet under-developed, research agenda. The paper focuses on the Isle of Eigg – a remote community-owned Scottish island that has recently committed itself to becoming more sustainable and that seeks to rely on inbound tourism as the most important means to this end. It is demonstrated that tourism plays a key role in enhancing the economic stature of Eigg residents and that, rather than undermining, it strengthens the community cohesion on the island. Despite this, its contribution to the island's environmental sustainability cannot always be taken for granted and some trade-offs between these three kinds of sustainability cannot therefore be avoided. Moreover, economic sustainability on Eigg should not be considered synonymous with economic self-sufficiency.     

Collaboration and Partnership Development for Sustainable Tourism

Abstract

For many years, the need to improve sustainability in the tourism industry has been widely recognized. Many destinations have attempted to move toward sustainability, but unfortunately, have been hindered in their attempts by a lack of collaboration among stakeholders that is necessary to support their sustainability agendas. Collaboration, specifically through multi-stakeholder partnerships, has been seen as an effective way to support initiatives in tourism development. Through the lens of Gray's collaboration theory and Selin and Chavez's tourism partnership model, the success of collaboration and partnerships in tourism development on the island of Gili Trawangan, Indonesia, will be examined. Through a multi-method approach consisting of an environmental audit and semi-structured interviews, this paper explores the implementation of a multi-stakeholder partnership. The partnership that has been developed, called the Gili Ecotrust, provides an example of successful collaboration, leading to the implementation of innovative sustainability initiatives on the island.