说说清代衙役

当下,全国人民都对公务员“趋之若鹜”,拼命想挤进这个队伍。其主要原因,无非是“工作稳定、待遇不菲、旱涝保收、社会地位高”。但是,你可能不相信,在清代,其最基层的“公务员”——衙役,大多数是不发工资的“临时工”。与我们今天的公务员恰恰相反,他们不但没有工资,而且社会地位低下,     

行政体制改革与“公务员制”

行政体制改革与“公务员制”文／李卫东近一两年,考公务员成为年轻人的一个热门话题,许多年轻人把“公务员”看作一种理想的职业。在北京、武汉等地的调查显示,无论大中专毕业生,还是在企事业单位工作的年轻人,都把“公务员”作为首选职业。一度冷清的行政机关又成为...     

“无能公务员”与官僚主义

据报道,韩国首都首尔市政府4月实施了“3％公务员淘汰制”,选出欠缺工作能力或工作态度不好的102名公务员,组成“现场纠正推进团”进行淘汰。首尔市长在发给9921名首尔公务员的电子邮件中说:“如果这一令人痛苦的措施,能完全消除那些对我们的机构构成威胁并阻碍我们发展的因素,我们就不     

台湾的公务员考试

2013年的国家公务员面试工作陆续结束，备地公务员的面试也陆续开始。“一位难求”成为这些年公务员考试的显著特点。     

西欧公务员制度的类型特征及其历史演变

由于英、法、德三国的社会结构、政治体制与化传统的差异,其制度规定也相应地具有各自的特点,而公务员的政治地位及其在政治过程中的作用也不尽相同。英国公务员制度的“通才”优势、法国公务员制度的“通才”与“专才”结合以及德国公务员制度的“律师统治地位”,作为西欧公务员制度有代表性的三种形态,不仅影响了上述三国的公务员制度本身的发展,而且对这些国家的政治生活产生了深远的影响。     

从“国考热”浅谈公务员制度与社会的发展

随着经济社会的发展，公务员考试制度目趋完善，在一定程度上带热了公务员考试。在“国考”日益成为第一首选的同时，不得不这样发出感慨，“我们这个社会怎么了？”本文试图从公务员招考的效应、产生的原因以及相应的解决措施上对公务员考试制度进行剖析，以期能对整个社会经济发展做出一定的贡献。     

透明合理的税负才能涵养公民意识

近见有人表示反对“纳税人养活了公务员”的说法,说公务员也是用劳动养活自己。这话没问题。所谓“纳税人养活了公务员”的说法,仅仅是一个“说法”。公务员当然是用劳动在养活自己。只是因为公务员是政府的雇员,而政府是纳税人供养的,才有这样的说法。     

民国时期公务员制度述论

从1987年开始,对公务员制度的研究成为理论界的热点。但是这种研究却着重于西方的文官制度,对民国时期公务员制度的研究尚是阙如。其实,早在1928年3月国民政府颁布的《刑法》中已有了“公务员”一词,接着国民党中央政治会议行政法规整理委员会提议将一切官吏改为公务员。1933年到1935年,国民党政府先后颁布了《公务员任用法》《公务员服务法》、《公务员恤金条     

毕业生的三岔口

4年大学后,考研工作出国,外企国企公务员,还有几个人能顺利地走到“斯卡布罗集市”？     

舆情、消费与应对:抗战胜利后上海的“抗战夫人”问题

抗战胜利后数年间频见于上海媒体的“抗战夫人”话题,一度成为社会舆论的焦点,使国家公务员的道德水准和公信力广受质疑。知识分子将批判的矛头直指公务员阶层的道德低下和腐败误国,给政府敲响警钟,敦促政府对吏治风气作出整顿。商界和电影界出于获取商业利润的本能,对“抗战夫人”题材加以庸俗化利用,使代表国家权力的公务员成为民众休闲娱乐中的笑料和商品消费中的促销符号,对政府公信力具有无形的杀伤力。政府起初通过重新解释相关法律条文或者默认既成事实的方式,减轻公务员事涉重婚罪的罪责,避免造成公务员整体形象的坍塌,继之通过提炼和宣扬抗战题材电影的抗战正义性,重塑社会的精神依托,也起到凝聚人心、部分挽回公务员声誉的效果。     

青海省公务员培训需求调查

客观、准确地了解公务员的培训需求,对行政学院有效开展公务员培训有着非常重要的意义。本文在深入调查的基础上,分析了青海省县(处)级公务员的培训需求及特点,并就今后的公务员培训工作提出了初步的意见和建议。     

数字图书馆与公务员远程教育

近年来,各级行政学院在公务员培训中开展了不同模式、不同层次的远程教育实践活动。在公务员远程教育中,数字图书馆具有为教师备课和各级公务员学习提供文献资料支持与服务的作用,是远程教育培训的第二课堂。远程教育应用于公务员培训领域,有利于扩大培训规模,有效化解工学矛盾,提高培训质量和效率。     

公职人员行政法律意识解析--以江苏省文化系统公职人员为对象

目前我国法治水平的提高,除了必须关注法律自身的完善外,公职人员的行政法律意识直接影响和决定着依法行政的进程,进而影响到依法治国的步伐。本文从解析江苏省文化系统公职人员行政法律意识这一微观角度入手,宏观上阐述公职人员行政法律意识存在误区的原因,并提出增强法律意识的方法和途径,为依法行政做些理论和实践上的探讨。     

关于控制我国行政成本的思考

控制行政成本,提高行政效率,是实现行政管理体制改革的核心问题。要降低行政成本,必须注重行政成本宣传,强化行政成本意识;转变政府职能,控制政府机构规模;优化政府管理流程,提高工作效率;控制公务人员膨胀,规范职务消费行为;建立科学决策机制,提高领导决策水平;增强财政预算的刚性约束,健全财政预算管理机制;改革行政部门业绩考核方式,建立科学的绩效评估制度;健全社会监管体系,加大社会监督力度。     

公共行政人员行为选择的伦理困境及其化解

公共行政人员作为最重要的公共行政活动主体,其职权行为对社会具有普遍影响力。然而,作为一个“利益人”,公共行政人员的职权行为具有多元的利益取向,进而可能产生行政行为的伦理困境。实现负责任行政行为的关键在于制度伦理建设、公共精神的彰显以及行政人格的塑造,通过外在约束和自我规制,从而构建以公共利益为导向的行政行为。     

Incinerating hazardous waste for the public good

Incineration outside of the health sector has started to become a growing business in Tanzania recently. The following article reflects on how internationally and locally formulated concerns about pollution from incineration unfold in the context of Dar es Salaam. More precisely, it looks at civil servants authorized to monitor incineration activities. How do they translate their mandate into practice? What are the public goods at stake in the monitoring of incineration? The article concludes with reflections on incineration as a highly ambivalent waste management technology for those responsible for monitoring it.     

In the Eye of the Storm: Sri Lanka's Front‐Line Civil Servants in Transition

This article narrates how bureaucrats in eastern Sri Lanka operated during and after the war. They managed to keep minimal state services running whilst being locked between the government and the insurgent Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). When the government defeated the LTTE in 2009, civil servants were freed from rebel coercion, but they also lost their counterweight against unappreciated policies from the capital and interference by local politicians. The article links the thinking on armed conflicts with the literature that conceptualizes ‘the state’ not as a coherent entity, but as a subject of continuous negotiation. The state's insigne provides a sense of legitimacy and supremacy, but governments have no monopoly on using it. Other powerful actors capture state institutions, resources and discourse for contradictory purposes. This perspective helps us reconcile the appearance of bureaucratic order with the peculiar and hybrid forms of rule that emerged in the war between rebels and government, and it sheds light on some of the surprising changes and continuities that occurred when that war ended. Public administration is neither just a victim of war, nor plainly a victor of the post‐war situation.     

The People,the Power and the Public Service: Political Identification during Guinea's General Strikes in 2007

In francophone West Africa, the term fonctionnaire unambiguously identifies public servants as integral parts of the state apparatus. Yet during general strikes in Guinea in 2006/7 this self‐evident association was called into question by the polarization of the public discourse which forced Guineans into associating either with the state or with the protesting people. Based on empirical data from ethnographic fieldwork, this contribution explores how public servants negotiated this tension during and after the upheavals. Their professional (historic) trajectories are constituted by ideological and institutional characteristics of post‐colonial state building and are fundamental for the participation of public servants in the changing dynamics of the local political arena. At the same time, these trajectories play an important and pertinent role in the everyday production of state that stabilizes society even during governance crises such as those experienced in Guinea.     

农地征用中的利益博弈与立法选择

当前农地征用中失地农民与地方政府之间存在明显的利益分歧,利益博弈各方时常处于零和的状态。某些土地制度规定的相对滞后和地方政府行为的错位及＂官本位＂格局下强政府——弱农民的力量对比态势,成为利益零和博弈的根本原因。明晰农地产权主体,重构农地产权制度,创建一个有效而公平的谈判协商机制,创建农民组织,规范政府行为,这些都是立法选择方面的主要构想。     

Township/Village Administration from the Late Qing to the Warlord Period

In ancient China, formal government institutions stretched to the county level. This system witnessed a radical transformation during the late Qing and the Warlord period, with various types of township/village administrations mushrooming in many places across the country to meet the requirements of institutional reform and the demands for modernization in local regions. These township/village administrations can be divided into two types: one is the newborn township/village administration in the late Qing dynasty, and the other is the township/village or quasi-administration that evolved from the old localized Xiangdi (local administrative system). Functionally, the former can be further divided into two kinds, the monofunctional township/village administration, which might include education, or police and security, and the multifunctional administration. The latter falls into three categories: some were new-model administrations directly translated from the old rural Xiangdi system; some were subdivisions of the neonatal administration composed of the old local Xiangdi system; and still, others basically reserved the intrinsic property and function of the old Xiangdi system. As political entities, township/village administrations of this era can be further differentiated into those bordering on “self-government” and those lingering under “the official system.” Township/village administration at this time mostly consisted of a standing body, with their personnel, who enjoyed the status of professional civil servants, set up by legal proceedings. Government outlay was sponsored by public finance or tax income, and it assumed all kinds of modern administrative functions, basically of a modern character. Meanwhile, of course, it retained much of its traditional flavor in actual operation. All in all, the birth of this form of township/village administration constituted an important dimension of the modernization of China’s local administration system. Translated from Beijing Normal University Journal (Social Sciences), Vol. 2, 2004, by Sun Yue