民族地区农村公共文化供给结构优化刍议

随着农村公共文化服务体系的建立和完善,我国广大农村地区的公共文化有效供给不足问题总体上得到明显改善。然而,仍有不少农村地区特别是一些民族地区农村公共文化存在产品供给主体单一、供给方式固化、供给结构失衡等问题。为此,要进一步拓宽民族地区农村公共文化供给渠道,优化公共文化共建共享机制;尊重民族地区农村群众对公共文化的需求表达,激发他们参与文化活动的热情;健全保障民族地区农村公共文化供给运行机制,提升公共文化产品和服务供给均等化水平。     

试析我国公共物品的有效供给

公共物品作为人类公共利益的载体,是满足社会公共需要,实现社会共同利益的重要途径。目前,我国在提供公共物品的过程中更多的体现为政府性。然而,随着社会经济的发展以及人们需求的多样化、复杂化,现有的供给机制所致的一系列不适应性,迫使我们应对当前供给机制进行改革。使我国的资源配置得到进一步优化,经济潜力得以极大发挥,实现社会主义的和谐发展。     

城乡一体化下我国农村公共产品供给机制的构建

随着我国城市化进程加快,大量农民失去土地,大面积的土地被征用,失地农民利益受损,农村和城市的差距加剧,鸿沟越来越深。要实现经济的平衡和协调发展,统筹城乡发展,农村公共产品的供给非常重要。但是长期以来我国对农村公共产品的供给制度存在缺陷和不完善,如何提高农村公共产品的供给水平,缩小城乡差距,构建城乡一体化的公共产品供给机制是迫切需要解决的重大课题。     

新时代公共数字文化服务有效供给研究 ——基于新公共服务理论视角

随着数字化转型和互联网发展,传统的公共文化服务供给模式已无法满足公众日益多元化、个性化和层次化的文化需求,亟需通过数字化促进公共文化服务供给侧改革,保障公民的基本文化权益.本文基于新公共服务理论视角,探讨新公共服务理论与公共数字文化服务有效供给的契合性,提出促进新时代公共数字文化服务有效供给的三条优化路径:一是秉持"以...     

公共文化服务国家示范区建设经验与青海省发展选择

青海省作为具有特殊省情的西部边陲重要的少数民族省份,在公共文化服务发展中面临着公共文化服务投入不足、基层公共文化基础设施建设滞后、公共文化服务效能低、供给主体多元参与机制不完善、人才队伍建设短板突出等诸多困境。国家公共文化服务体系示范区创建工作的经验表明,公共文化服务发展要重视公平、效果和效率。在主要做法上,嘉定区、株洲市和江津区三个地区在资金投入机制;树牢"为了人民、依靠人民、共建共享"的理念和坚定以人民为中心的工作导向;促进各种社会力量参与公共文化服务体系建设;立足地方特色,坚持公共文化服务活动特色化、品牌化发展;坚持创新融合发展,提升公共文化服务效能及总体水平等方面的成功经验对青海省具有极大启示。青海省应从以下几个方面着力优化和加强建设:优化供给资金结构,建立健全公共文化服务经费保障机制;优化供给主体结构,推动公共文化服务共建共治共享;建立健全供需对接机制,增强公共文化服务供给有效性;重视和加强公共文化服务人才队伍建设和专业人才培养;加强信息科技创新,推进公共文化服务与科技融合发展,推动公共文化服务均等化发展。     

浅析乡镇政府在农村公共产品供给中存在的问题

随着时代的不断进步与发展,有效解决农村公共产品供给问题越来越成为乡镇政府的首要任务。由于农村经济社会的不断发展,农村公共产品供给不足的矛盾日益突出。作为整个国家政权基石的乡镇政府,它不仅是我国行政体系在农村承担责任最大的一级政权,而且是党和政府联系广大农民群众的桥梁和纽带,除此之外,它也是农村公共产品的主要提供者。因此,乡镇政府在农村公共产品供给中的作用不容忽视,我们必须解决好农村公共产品供给中存在的问题,切实发挥好乡镇政府的作用,进而促进农村经济的快速发展。     

新时代博物馆公共文化服务效能提升的探索与思考——以南京地区为例

随着“博物馆热”不断升温,博物馆的发展迈入了崭新的时代,2023年暑期南京地区各博物馆因馆施策,拓展讲解服务形式,丰富展览社教供给,打造公共文化新空间,多措并举优化预约机制,统筹推进博物馆服务品质提升各项工作,提升了观众体验感和获得感。新时代博物馆提升公共文化服务效能,要提升文物价值活化利用效率和水平,重视门户网站及新媒体矩阵建设,推进精准化服务和个性化学习,关注空间环境和多感知设计,发展伙伴关系和集群优势,拓展和重塑博物馆的社会价值,打造集学习、休闲、娱乐、社交、亲子共游于一体的精神家园。     

边疆民族地区农村公共产品供给问题研究

边疆地区农村公共产品的供给具有迫切性,特殊性.转变政府职能,使其真正作为一个公共服务型政府,为农村公共产品的供给服务是农村公共产品供给体制改革的关键.调动边疆民族地区农民的积极性,构建由政府主导,社会广泛参与的公共产品供给机制,有助于提高农村公共产品供给的效能.     

政府和市场在公共产品供给中的作用

正在市场经济中,公共产品的非排他性和非竞争性,导致公共产品供给中的“公地悲剧”与“免费搭车”现象,决定了政府是公共产品的主要供给者。但公共产品的供给范围、方式是随着经济社会的发展而发展变化的,公共产品供给中逐步引入市场机制,成为公共产品和公共服务提供方式的一种创新,也是目前各国公共产品研究中的新课题。我国“十三五”时期公共产品与服务的供给是全面建成小康社会的重点和难点之一,在新常态下需要创新供给方式,发挥政府与市场两方面的积极性。     

生产与生活:“大跃进”和经济困难时期的上海里弄公共食堂

1958年,上海市进行城市人民公社的试验,里弄公共食堂应运而生。"大跃进"时期的里弄公共食堂旨在解放妇女劳动力,服务于工业生产。从1959年开始,为应对粮食供应紧张的局面,上海市大量关停经营不善、浪费严重的工厂食堂,里弄公共食堂的规模得到进一步发展,成为调节粮食供给的工具。由于自身的经营困境和国家政策的调整,上海里弄公共食堂在经济困难时期结束后逐渐解散。诞生于特殊时期的上海里弄公共食堂体现了人民政府组织发展生产和解决人民生活问题的积极尝试,在社会动员、资源分配和协调社群关系方面发挥了一定的作用。     

乡村振兴背景下农村基本公共服务与多维贫困的时空耦合特征研究

村级尺度上探索农村基本公共服务与区域贫困之间的关联特征以及二者耦合作用机理,是实现精准扶贫与乡村振兴战略有机结合的重要一环。本文分别建立农村基本公共服务和多维贫困综合发展监测模型,结合时空探索性分析和耦合协调分析方法,综合揭示两者的时空发展分布特征及其耦合关联关系。2015—2018年研究区内58个行政村的实证结果表明：①研究区内农村基本公共服务的发展呈中段高、南北段低的空间非均衡性分布,整体发展差异呈缩小趋势;②研究区内贫困村的多维贫困状况在空间分布上呈现出中北段地区贫困程度较轻、南段贫困程度较深的格局;③农村基本公共服务与多维贫困存在空间负相关性关联与明显耦合,且自实施乡村振兴战略以来,贫困村多转为同步型发展。研究结果可为现阶段乡村振兴战略的实施提供科学的决策依据和参考。     

乡村人居环境的居民满意度评价及其优化策略研究——以石首市久合垸乡为例

根据乡村的地域特征,构建乡村人居环境满意度评价指标体系。运用模糊层次分析法建立模糊判断矩阵,通过偏差矩阵,调整模糊判断矩阵,并检验矩阵的一致性,得出各指标的权重。采用模糊综合评价法对乡村人居环境满意度进行评价,根据居民的自身愿望与现实感知的差异程度来确定乡村人居环境建设的突破口。从居民最关心的农村饮水安全入手,探讨了农村饮水安全的公共物品性质,认为政府的介入是保障农村饮水安全的关键,供给主体的多元化是确保农村饮水安全的有效途径。     

明清时期乡村社会治理的空间机制——基于领域性视角

从地理学视角看,乡村治理的过程主要表现为乡村空间权属和空间权力的配置,即领域化和再领域化。本文从当代乡村治理的问题出发,运用领域理论分析明清时期乡村治理中的空间-社会关系及其领域化机制。研究表明：县级政府构建的行政领域难以实现全面有效的治理,乡绅主导构建的社会领域基于乡村特征划定边界和提供公共物品并部分替代了行政领域,其具体领域化机制为家族-宗族-乡族三级治理体系。本文认为明清时期乡村治理存在多元领域,行政领域与社会领域通过有效的协调机制相互补充使乡村治理更有效。乡村治理应注重对当地社会领域和市场领域的培育,同时增强行政领域治理的有效性及其与其他领域的协调能力。     

中国城乡协调发展空间格局与演化研究

本文从三个方面构建了城乡协调发展度指数,对中国2000-2008年31个省城乡协调发展程度的整体变化及在大区上的空间差异进行了评价和原因探讨。结果显示,中国城乡协调发展程度整体呈现上升趋势,主要原因是城乡增长率差异系数的降低,说明我国近些年的支农惠农和统筹城乡发展的政策效果显著。东部和西部地区城乡发展逐步协调,而中部和东北地区城乡发展协调度下降。东部城市和农村基本实现共同富裕,而西部是较低水平上的协调。东北地区先大幅下降后缓慢上升,中部地区的城乡协调发展度目前是最低的,变化较为复杂。     

江苏省城乡公共服务发展差距及其障碍因素分析

以江苏省13个省辖市为研究样本,通过构建评价教育、卫生、环境和基础设施等公共服务指标体系,运用熵值法、协调度模型和障碍度模型等方法,对江苏各省辖市的城乡公共服务发展水平进行综合评价。结果表明:①城乡公共服务发展水平区域分异明显;②不同类型公共服务发展水平城乡差距各不相同,基础教育服务城乡差距明显,医疗卫生服务乡村远落后于城市,生态环境服务城乡差距相对较小,基础设施服务城乡差距位居中等;③城乡公共服务协调发展水平可以划分为四种类型,城乡基础教育和医疗卫生等服务领域发展水平差距是影响多数省辖市城乡公共服务协调发展的最大障碍因素。     

An alternative policy approach to rural development in regions facing population decline

ABSTRACT

Many rural regions in Europe used to be characterized by weak economic performance and negative population development. While in a long-term perspective this is not any more valid for large parts of Western Europe, a number of rural regions face persistent population decline. By analysing the case of Austria, where approximately one-third of rural areas have experienced such negative population change over the past decades, this paper will examine the impact on economic performance, income levels and well-being patterns. Addressing the crucial and persistent obstacles to positive population trends, new theoretical approaches and perspectives are discussed for overcoming limitations in development. Future approaches for regional development have to go beyond strategies for targeting economic growth, but have to address issues of local participation, social innovation and establishing trust as preconditions to effectively impact well-being dimensions. Such a mobilization effort would be the result of a comprehensive social transition process which would foster an altered narrative for these rural regions compared to the current and predominant focus on compensation and growth policies. Despite strong interlinkages with other regions and actors, the needs of local people would be central and both would be a cornerstone for social innovation.     

Gender and Household Economic Strategies in Rural Appalachia

In recent decades, many Appalachian households have experienced declining incomes due to the loss of traditional male jobs in the mining and manufacturing sectors. One response to this decline has been an increase in female employment in formal sector activities. Another response is homework, or the home-based production of goods and services for sale in the formal and informal sectors. In rural Appalachia, where formal jobs are often unavailable or inadequate to support a household, many women are engaging in homework as an economic strategy. Consequently, economic restructuring cannot be fully understood without analyzing household strategies and gender relations. This paper examines the intersection of gender, households, and economic restructuring as it relates to women's homework and employment shifts in rural Appalachia. Research for this paper entailed qualitative interviews with 50 West Virginia women who are engaged in the home-based production of goods and services. The study analyzes the variety of homework activities done by rural women, their contribution to household incomes, and the effect of these activities on gender relations and divisions of labor in the home. The research forwarded in this study advances a conceptual understanding of household economic strategies and has some practical applications for women and economic development in underdeveloped regions .     

Impact of European Union development subsidies on Hungarian regions

Since the collapse of the communist system, regional inequalities have increased in Central European Countries. This paper describes an assessment of the impacts of regional development programmes on the development of Hungarian regions at a highly disaggregated level between 2002 and 2008. We construct a multi-dimensional composite indicator to estimate the overall development of rural regions and capture social, economic and environmental dimensions. The impacts of rural development programmes were investigated through counterfactual analysis in combination with Propensity Score Matching and Difference-in-Differences approaches. There has been considerable variation with increasing concentration in the level of subsidies distributed during the analysed period. From a policy perspective, the results are disappointing. Irrespective of the subsidy measures or methodology employed, the impact of the former is very close to zero or non-significant. Our findings cast serious doubt on the effectiveness of development policy and the long-run convergence of European regions.     

Do behaviours in cultural markets affect economic resilience? An analysis of Italian regions

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relation between the economic resilience and cultural behaviour, resorting to the evidence provided by 20 Italian regions at the time of Great Recession. We consider specific cultural behaviours, which provide a specific meaning of culture; its relation with the economic resilience of regions is analysed. We document that higher levels of supplied and demanded quantity of cultural goods in a region are associated with higher regional economic resilience as measured by the ability of limiting employment drop; the relation with the considered cultural behaviours is weaker in the case of economic resilience as measured by the ability of limiting income drop. We propose possible explanations for this asymmetry.     

The Study of Local Public Economies: Multi‐organizational,Multi‐level Institutional Analysis and Development

One important extension of the IAD framework has been to the study of local public economies. These are multi‐organizational, multi‐level arrangements defined as the set of governmental jurisdictions, public and nonprofit agencies, and private firms that interact in various patterns to provide and produce public goods and services within a specific locality or region. Commonly, the localities or regions studied from this perspective have been U.S. metropolitan areas, often defined as a central city and its surrounding or adjoining county. Localities can be delineated, however, on various terms, and in the IAD framework, it is the geo‐physical nature of a locality that, in substantial part, drives the analysis. One of the strengths of the approach is its capacity to explain local variations in public organization as a function of the geo‐physical diversity of localities, while at the same time developing empirical generalizations and normative principles that apply across diverse regions. What, for example, might the organization and governance of a complex metropolitan area have in common with the organization and governance of a complex protected area, such as the greater Yellowstone eco‐region or the Adirondack Park? Construing both sorts of regions as local public economies can enhance our overall understanding of public organization at the same time that it permits a more nuanced understanding of diverse localities. Such work contributes to the ongoing IAD project of “understanding institutional diversity.”