俄藏敦煌写卷《放光般若经》音义考斟

俄藏ф368、дх00585、дх00586A、дх00586Cдх00211、дх00252和дх00255是玄应所释“放光般若经》音义的写卷,据我们比勘,дх00585、дх00586A的第一页中“珠玑居”与ф368“珠玑居衣反说文珠之”的残缺部位正好相合,可见二者原本是联缀在一起的。《玄应音义》的丽藏本所据本与дх00585、дх00586A第二页所据本可能相同,碛砂藏本和丽藏本所据本在传抄中既有误衍误脱等错讹,也有不同程度的增补和删略。碛砂藏本和《慧琳音义》所据本似都有增补,也可能дх00211、дх00252、дх00255和丽藏所据本已有删略或脱漏。由俄藏所载“放光般若经》音义可见佛经音义在敦煌的广泛流传和唐代佛教在敦煌的兴盛。     

《广雅疏证》所补“盼,视也”辨误

《广雅疏证》据玄应《一切经音义》“盼?”条“《广雅》‘盼,视也’”将其增补进《广雅》。然而据我们考察,由于玄应对“盼”“眄”的关系没有清楚的认识,将“眄”误作“盼”。因此,王氏将“盼”补入《广雅》不确。对相关问题的考辨还可以纠正文献中的相关讹混。     

《贩书偶记》“子部·释家类·一切经音义二十六卷”条辨疑

通过辨析孙殿起所著<贩书偶记>"子部·释家类·一切经音义二十六卷"条,我们可为之增补两条新的版本信息1.该抄本为高邮王氏家传之书.2.该抄本的底本是最早不超过明英宗正统五年(1440)的永乐北藏本,或是更晚至顺治、康熙间刊刻的嘉兴藏本.     

孙奭《孟子音义》版本考述

唐陆善经为《孟子》作注,丁公著、张镒为之作音,北宋孙奭兼采三家之说成《孟子音义》二卷,今所见《孟子音义》有单行本和音义注疏合刻本两种.常见的十个单行本均来源于清人影抄明人所藏宋本,它们之间版本关系密切,值得梳理.另搜辑阮元、缪荃孙、王振声、黄焯等所校《孟子音义》文献信息,以备查考.     

张元素修订本《五藏论》辨伪

目前《五藏论》的传本除敦煌出土之S.5614、P.2115、P.2378、P.2755、Дx.01325V残卷等五种及《医方类聚》本外,还有一种卷首附有金代医家张元素序文的抄本。经过对该本与敦煌本及《医方类聚》本的比较研究,可知其应是以1963年《江苏中医》第5期所刊赵有臣先生整理的《张仲景五藏论》为底本,整合参考了《医方类聚》本与1959年日本《汉方之临床》杂志之宫下三郎本的有关内容,又对部分文字作了修改、增补而成。可能是上世纪六、七十年代有人造伪之作。     

《一切经音义》与古籍整理研究

玄应和慧琳<一切经音义>前后相承,诠释了一千多部佛经中的词语,在某种程度上可以说是当时入藏佛经的缩影,据其所释某部佛经的词语可比勘唐宋传本与今传本的异同,而由其所释各部佛经则可略窥其时入藏全部佛经的概貌,且玄应和慧琳征引了经史子集数百种古籍来阐释佛典词语,其中有的可与现有传本互补对勘,有的则今已失传而为其所独有,更显珍贵.因而,玄应和慧琳所释音义在某种程度上可以说是先秦传承至唐宋古籍的渊薮,在古籍整理硏究方面具有重要的学术价值.     

敦煌唐写本《刘子》新识

《刘子集校合编》收录敦煌藏经洞出土的《刘子》写卷共8件.但这一搜集数量并不完备,经统计相关写卷可达12件之多.本文在俄藏敦煌文献中又新辨识、比定出《刘子》写卷1件,并指出该唐写本不仅具有重要的校勘价值,而且能够与同类中、英公私所藏敦煌写卷进行缀合.     

晚明稀见曲选《乐府遴奇》考

晚明散曲、剧曲选集《乐府遴奇》现有三种版本存世,皆为孤本。日本名古屋大学藏养浩斋刊三卷本,为该书初刻本;四川省图书馆藏崇文堂刊本,为李一氓旧藏,三卷增补一卷,乃据三卷本作删汰增补而成之重编增补本;国家图书馆藏《乐府争奇》,三卷增补一卷,今残存上中二卷,内容与四川省图书馆藏本相同,为其翻刻本。书中存有佚曲共七套,未见其他曲选收录;另存有不少稀见之曲,与其他曲选所录者有颇多异文,可供辑佚、校勘。该书刊行于万历后期,通过其编选特点与版本流变,可以窥见此一时期戏曲选本之编纂存在“求奇”与“尚雅”的审美取向。     

新刊《舆地志辑注》献疑

顾恒一等人所辑《舆地志辑注》一书,是顾野王《舆地志》一书的最新辑本.该辑本在清人王谟辑本的基础上增补甚多,故颇具参考价值.但同时也存在着误辑、校勘不精、重辑、擅增、出处讹误、相关研究参考不足等诸多问题.     

法藏敦煌卷子本裴注《史记·管蔡世家》残卷重文研究——敦煌本与《索隐》本、景祐本《史记》传承关系考略

敦煌初唐卷子本裴注《史记·管蔡世家》残卷之附篇前、后,有两大段包括两个相同的"太史公曰"在内的重复之文,又,附篇增衍"曹叔振铎世家"一题.敦煌本此卷这两处重大文字错误,乃因附篇拼补入卷所造成.敦煌本《管蔡世家》中误重之文和增衍的附篇之题,后为司马贞《索隐》所据本、北宋景祐本《史记》相继沿存下来,而又有所变易.初唐盛唐至北宋这三个重要阶段有代表性的《史记》传本文本之同异,既显示出《史记》夹注本之传承有绪,又反映该本在不同时期的重要特点.     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

The Chemists' Style of Thinking

Der Denkstil der Chemiker. Der Aufsatz diskutiert die Tragfähigkeit des Begriffes “Denkstil”, wie er von Alistair Crombie eingeführt und Ian Hacking aufgegriffen wurde, für das Verständnis dessen, wie das Fach Chemie historisch seine Identität ausgeprägt hat. Obwohl weder Crombie noch Hacking den Begriff “Denkstil” in Bezug auf einzelne Disziplinen verwendet haben, erscheint im Fall der Chemie seine Anwendung besonders vielversprechend, weil er hier hilft, ein zentrales Problem zu thematisieren – nämlich die Frage, wie es Chemikern trotz wechselnder Gegenstandsbereiche und theoretischer Umbrüche gelang, eine eigenständige und stabile Identität auszubilden. Nach einer Einführung in den Begriff “Denkstil”, argumentiert der Aufsatz, dass die Beständigkeit der Chemie als eines Faches wesentlich in ihren Laborpraktiken gründet, die ihrerseits wiederum die spezifische Art der Fragen bestimmten, die Chemiker in ihren Forschungen stellten bzw. die Form der Antworten, nach denen sie suchten. Folgende Merkmale kennzeichnen diesen “chemischen Denkstil” (1) eine spezifische, im Herstellen begründete Form des Wissens, (2) die Befassung mit einzelnen Stoffen und Materialien statt mit Materie im Allgemeinen und (3) eine Beobachtung von Natur besonders im Hinblick auf Transformationsprozesse. The Chemists' Style of Thinking. This paper discusses the relevance of the notion of “styles of scientific thinking” introduced by Alistair Crombie and revisited by Ian Hacking, for understanding how chemistry shaped its identity. Although neither Crombie nor Hacking applied this notion to individual disciplines, it seems appropriate to use it in the case of chemistry because it helps to address a puzzling issue: how did chemists manage to shape an identity of their own, despite shifting territories and theoretical transformations? Following a presentation of the notion of style, I will argue that the stable identity of chemistry is rooted in laboratory practices, which determined the specific questions that chemists put to nature as well as the answers to their questions. The “chemical style of thinking” is characterized by i) a specific way of knowing through making, ii) the concern with individual materials rather than matter in general and iii) a specific commitment to nature.