陕西省2011年新增29家国家A级旅游景区

2011年,陕西省西安博物院·小雁塔景区等ll家旅游景区通过了国家4A级旅游景区验收;西安广仁寺等8家景区通过了国家3A级旅游景区验收;西安阿姑泉牡丹苑等9家景区通过了国家2A级旅游景区验收;商洛抚龙湖景区通过了国家1A级旅游景区验收。2011年全年,陕西省国家A级旅游景区新增29家。     

关于景区发展旅游购物的思考

景区发展旅游购物,可以提高景区的整体收入,方便旅游者购买旅游商品,但是目前景区在发展旅游购物中存在着诸多不完善的方面,需要进一步加强管理、规范运营,提高景区旅游购物的合理性。本文分析了景区发展旅游购物的现状,指出了景区发展旅游购物存在的具体问题,提出了景区发展旅游购物的策略,希望能给旅游景区发展旅游购物提供建议。     

泰山

核心价值概述 泰山位于山东省中部,拔起于鲁中南群山之中.根据《泰山风景名胜区总体规划》和《泰山风景名胜区保护管理条例》的有关规定,泰山风景区划分为九大景区:登天景区、天烛峰景区、桃花峪彩石溪景区、樱桃园景区、玉泉寺景区、齐长城景区、灵岩寺景区、古地层景区、待开发景区.规划面积125平方千米,其中核心景区46.5平方千米,保护地范围南至泰安古城的泰安门,东南、西南侧以环山公路为界,东西两侧与林场界线相吻合,西北包括灵岩寺、万德至张夏的寒武纪地质剖面.主峰玉皇顶海拔1545米.     

门票限制下旅游景区内农家乐发展困境与出路研究——以重庆江津四面山为例

旅游景区与景区内农家乐在经营管理上相融相生,又存在一定矛盾。以江津四面山为例,在阐述景区内农家乐发展历史与现状的基础上,指出收费旅游景区与景区内农家乐之间存在进入受门票阻滞、经营上各自为政和受制于景区发展等矛盾,并从管理体制和利益博弈层面剖析了矛盾根源,提出了构建旅游景区与景区内农家乐的共生关系、建设全域旅游景区、运营流程优化和再造、多元增值拉平淡旺季等对策。     

文化遗产地游客满意度、地方依恋与重游意愿关系研究——以西塘古镇为例

本文以文化遗产地西塘古镇为研究对象,建立文化遗产地游客满意度、地方依恋与重游意愿关系的结构方程模型,并进行拟合度测评和路径系数分析,用Bootstrap自助法检验地方依恋在游客满意度和重游意愿之间的中介效应。基于问卷调查数据,分析结果显示：(1)除了景区文化对地方认同没有显著的影响作用,游客满意度其他5个维度对地方依赖和地方认同均有显著正向影响;(2)地方依赖和地方认同对重游意愿均有显著正向影响;(3)景区景点、景区文化、景区餐饮、景区住宿、景区购物和景区环境6个游客满意度维度中,除了景区餐饮和景区购物对重游意愿没有直接影响,其余4个对重游意愿均有显著正向影响;(4)地方依赖分别在景区文化、景区餐饮、景区住宿、景区购物和景区环境5个游客满意度维度中起着中介作用,地方认同分别在景区景点、景区餐饮、景区住宿、景区购物和景区环境5个游客满意度维度中起着中介作用。笔者将根据实证研究的分析结果,为西塘古镇如何提升游客重游意愿、促进当地旅游可持续发展提出若干建议。     

陕西省A级旅游景区空间结构分析

区域旅游景区空间结构的合理性直接影响到区域旅游的发展,本文以陕西省A级景区为例,分别计算出陕西省10市1区的5A、4A、3A级旅游景区的景区资源密度、通达度系数,得出陕西省旅游景区空间结构目前现处于点轴扩展模式向网络化过渡的阶段。一、区域旅游景区空间结构区域旅游景区空间结构是指旅游景区在一定地域范围内相互作用所形成的空间集聚程度与聚集状态,它体现了旅游景区及旅游活动的空间属性和相互关系,是旅游景区在地理空间上     

浅谈《文物保护法》在景区建设中的作用

当今的景区建设是建立在打破旧的景区格局,形成新的景区格局基础之上。是对旧的否定,新的确立的过程。对于一个景区来说,旧的反映景区建设的过去,新的反映景区建设的今天。景区建设的过去往往会产生许多有着十分重要意义的建筑物和构筑物,它们充分反映出景区的历史发展轨迹,这些便成为《文物保护法》的保护对象。景区的历史要保护,景区的今天要建设,这是一对矛盾。《文物保护法》为我们在处理这对矛盾时,提供了重要的法律依据。     

景区标识误译研究

景区标识指引游客愉快安全开展旅游的保证,也是展示景区服务水平的窗口,因此对国外游客而言,准确翻译景区标识具有重要意义。由于标识翻译管理和翻译水平欠缺,导致景区标识误译现象较多。制定国家级翻译规范、聘用资深景区标识翻译人员和实地了解景区特点是解决景区标识误译的根本方法。     

全国新增70家4A级旅游景区

从国家旅游局网站获悉,依照《旅游景区质量等级的划分与评定》国家标准与《旅游景区质量等级评定管理办法》,经有关省、自治区、直辖市旅游景区质量等级评定委员会初评和推荐,由全国旅游景区质量等级评定委员会评定,北京欢乐谷、新疆维吾尔自治区博物馆、四川泸沽湖旅游景区等70家景区达到国家4A级旅游景区标准的要求,近日被批准为国家4A级旅游景区。     

推进“旅游景区+标准化”模式发展的对策思考

"旅游景区+标准化"模式,是促进旅游景区发展的一个重要举措。对景区的各项工作建立标准化体系,实施标准化管理,能尽可能保证景区的各环节,有章可循、规范进行、科学管理;还能起到示范效应,给其他景区的发展提供经验支持,共享由标准化管理为景区带来的红利。在客观上规范旅游市场,提升景区形象,增加景区的经济和社会效益。     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

以上海为例看晚清时期社会生活方式及观念的变迁

晚清时期,上海的商业化、城市化生活环境变化,引起了人们生活方式的变动,出现了如洋货流行、从商之风、尊卑失序、女子走上社会、追求享乐等新社会风尚,导致传统伦理衰坏,同时也孕育产生了近代市场意识、近代工商观念、社会平等观念、功利主义及肯定人欲、自由的近代伦理观念。反映出生活方式的变动是引起近代生活伦理观念变迁的中介和启动力量。     

20世纪90年代上海产业布局的发展变化

20世纪90年代,着眼于城市功能的重新定位,按照"三、二、一"产业发展新思路,上海的产业布局进行了重大的战略调整,逐步形成了中心城以三产为主、郊区以二产为主的大都市产业布局架构。在各类工业区建设的基础上,上海又突出发展形成了"东南西北"四大产业基地。由此,上海产业布局呈现出一个明显特征,就是第二产业立足于城市功能重塑、提高工业产业的竞争力,通过加强对重大产业项目的"政策聚焦",确立了空间发展的内环整合战略和"东西南北"发展战略,依托都市工业园区和城郊工业区,大大提高了产业聚集度。     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

Changes in human bones boiled in seawater

The differences between boiled or unboiled bones are not often studied. However, they are crucial to understand postmortem rituals and to establish defleshing procedures and mortuary practices. In this work, human bones boiled in sea or fresh water are characterized. The bone composition, as well as the compounds present in the resulting materials, shows that salt alters the boiling process mechanism. Hence, from structural and morphological criteria, it is possible to distinguish if a bone has been boiled in salt or fresh water. In both sets of samples, the smoothness of the bone surface depends on boiling time, but only in bones boiled in seawater, filaments are observed apparently pouring out of the pores.Those differences which are mainly morphological (smoothness of the surface) are explained in terms of a collagen diffusional mechanism favored by sodium and chloride ions. For a boiling time of 6 h, the surface is covered by a thick layer or crusts of degraded collagen. Experiments with seawater may be used as model experiments to simulate taphonomical alterations in bones exposed to salt water.     

The fourth molar in a mandible found in a Jomon skeleton in Japan

A fourth molar in a mandible occurs very rarely, even in clinical surveys involving a large number of modern people. Having encountered a case with the fourth mandibular molar in a prehistoric skull in Japan, we would like to report on the macroscopic morphology of the case using X-rays, and to discuss the case with reference to literature concerning supernumerary teeth in the molar region.     

Patterning in procurement of obsidian in Chaco Canyon and in Chaco-era communities in New Mexico as revealed by X-ray fluorescence

X-ray fluorescence analysis of obsidian artifacts from sites located in Chaco Canyon and from three Chaco-era communities in New Mexico permits determination of their geological origin. These source data are used to describe patterning in obsidian procurement in sites located in Chaco Canyon dating from A.D. 500–1150, and in a three non-Canyon communities occupied during the period of Chaco Canyon's regional prominence (ca. A.D. 875–1150). These data demonstrate that the most proximate sources generally dominate the sourced obsidian assemblages from sites of all periods, but also suggest differences in procurement patterning both over time and across space. Within Chaco Canyon, there is a notable shift from Mount Taylor obsidian to use of Jemez Mountains sources over time. These data also suggest that earlier analyses of obsidian from sites in Chaco Canyon misidentified some obsidian artifact sources; these new data indicate the central areas of disagreement and provide a revision of procurement patterning. In the Chaco-era communities located outside Chaco Canyon, procurement patterning diverges. The Blue J community shows an increase in use of the nearby Mount Taylor source over time. Two communities located toward the southern extent of the Chaco great house distribution reveal a markedly distinct procurement pattern, obtaining nearly all of their obsidian from southern sources largely unrepresented at Chaco Canyon. Combined, these data provide new insights into raw material procurement and artifact production at sites in Chaco Canyon, and in communities occupied during the Chaco Phenomenon, the period of the Canyon's greatest regional influence.     

Rethinking Whiteness and Masculinity in Geography: Drinking Alcohol in the Field in Vietnam

This paper evaluates the spatial politics of fieldwork in Vietnam in order to think through the connections between whiteness, masculinity, and geography. In drawing attention to how the consumption of alcohol underwrites daily activities in Vietnam, as well as fieldwork activities, I show that research ethics are underpinned by unique spatial contexts that do not conform to conventional accounts of masculinity and whiteness in the global North. I make three interrelated arguments. First, I argue that debates in geography about whiteness and masculinity must be understood alongside fieldwork experiences in the global South. Second, I invite geographers to think through how research ethics are shaped by spatially contingent productions of whiteness and masculinity. Lastly, I challenge geographers to keep pace with how disruptive categories like whiteness and masculinity are produced outside of the global North.     

1820年代华亭-娄县地区各行业工资研究

The issue of wages has been ignored in previous studies of economic history in late imperial China. Focusing on Huating County and Lou County (today’s Songjiang County of Shanghai), this article explores the wages in agricultural, industrial, commercial, and service occupations of this area in the 1820s. The findings, though primary, are helpful to our understanding of incomes in early-nineteenth-century China. Translated by Yang Kai-chien from Qingshi Yanjiu 清史研究 (Studies in Qing History), 2008, (1): 5–20     

Poverty in the South and in the North

This article presents statistics and literature on poverty and inequality in and between the South and North. The main discussion is focused on identifying which years poverty and inequality increased in the UK and US, and to give some tentative reasons for this. The objectives are to show the difference in the use of the term 'poverty', the magnitude of 'poverties' in various parts of the world, and the consequences of government policies in the North. The experiences of particularly the UK and US contain lessons that may be useful for policy formation to alleviate poverty and inequality in the South.