千年藏地盐都 西藏盐井

历史上著名的滇藏“茶马古道”,是一条由云南普洱经丽江、中甸、德钦至西藏的商道。当年,客商们通过这条古道,将云南的茶叶销往西藏,换回大量的兽皮、虫草、药材。而地处古道的盐井的食盐,也就此驮上了马背,销往西藏及整个康巴藏区。     

资讯

正"茶马古道"文物联展举行由云南、四川、陕西、甘肃等8省区推出的"茶马古道"文物联展近日在拉萨举行。在为期3个月的时间里,近400件年代跨度5000余年的精品文物陆续亮相,这也是目前国内规模最大的茶马古道文物巡回展览。茶马古道是连接古代陆上丝绸之路、海上丝绸之路的重要通道,是在亚洲中部高原地带形成的完整交通网络。西藏作为茶马古道上重     

茶马古道——普洱行

茶马古道路线图。史书载,早在商周时,普洱地区的古濮人就向周武王贡茶。至唐代,普洱茶远销内地和西藏;宋时普洱已形成茶叶交易市场。至明代,"士庶所用,皆普茶也"。到了清代雍正年间,普洱茶业鼎盛。年产茶5万余担,每年有5万余匹马不绝于途。以普洱府为起点的五条茶马古道,     

“普洱论坛”茶马古道保护首个国家级行动

在2010年6月于云南普洱召开的“中国文化遗产保护普洱论坛”上,国家文物局局长单霁翔同志作了题为“重整千年古道,再书历史新篇”的主旨报告。单局长在报告中简要回顾了茶马古道的产生和发展过程,充分肯定了茶马古道作为我国西南地区大型文化线路遗产的突出普遍价值。并强调了科学实施茶马古道整体保护的重大意义。     

清代云南普洱茶考

<正>清代以前云南仅少量产茶,并无"普洱茶"这一称呼。清代今云南西双版纳、思茅等地所产大叶种茶,不仅大量用于滇藏茶马贸易,还运销国内其他地区。茶叶采摘后在普洱做初加工,乃称为"普洱茶"。普洱茶的出现并很快形成较大生产规模,与时代背景及外地流民参与经营等有关。     

茶马古道上的石头村庄

这是一个石头砌成的世界。房屋是石板房,道路是石头铺,塘基是石头砌,水渠是石头筑,菜园的垄基是石头垒。石门墩、石院墙、石前檐、石鸡笼、石厕所、石畜圈不胜枚举。石槽、石盆、石凳、石桌、石碾、石磨、石臼琳琅满目。石台阶、石板路、石垱……甚至烤茶、烧肉的用具都是用石头制作而成。滇西茶马古道这是一个承载滇西茶马古道700年历史的村庄。滇西茶马古道是唐宋以来至民国时期汉、藏之间以进行茶马交换而形成的一条交通要道。路线有两条:南线由云南的普洱——大理——丽江——中甸——西藏的察隅——波密——拉萨——日喀则、江     

茶马古道与糖房村

顺下线是顺宁（现云南风庆县）到下关的一条茶马古道．当人们将其作为研究普洱茶的一条重要线索在书上泛谈的时候,我再次来到位于滇西茶马第一镇的鲁史,在友人的指引下,踏上位于鲁史镇糖房村一段鲜为人知却保留完好的茶马古道。     

茶馬古道 走进普洱茶的故乡

正茶马古道是以"马帮"为主要交通工具的民间国际商贸通道,是西南民族经济文化交流的走廊。准确地说,是唐宋至民国时期,与西藏进行茶马交换而形成的一条交通要道。茶马古道分川藏、滇藏两路,将滇、藏、川三地紧密联结在一起,形成世界上地势最高、山路最险、距离最遥远的茶马文明古道。其余脉延伸入缅甸、尼泊尔、印度境内,直抵西亚和红海沿岸。     

古道西行

千余年来,以"茶马互市"而闻名的古道,由成都盆地的边缘、云南的热带雨林深处通往青藏高原,为藏地源源不断输入了人们不可或缺的茶叶,这是世界上海拔最高、最艰险的通商网路和文化交流通道.2002年6月,两支考察队分别沿着昔日茶马古道的两条路线重走古道,作者的这支队伍走川藏线入西藏,途经江达、昌都、类乌齐、丁青……,以生动的见闻印证了古道上密集的文化风景.     

南方的敦煌：剑川石钟山石窟

在中国大西南横断山区崇山峻岭的峡谷中,有一条可与“北方丝绸之路”相媲美的古道,它就是连接印度、西藏、云南、南亚、西亚的国际大通道——茶马古道。就在这“茶马古道”进藏的交通要冲剑川,中外文明碰撞到一起,擦出了见证古道兴衰与中外文化交流的文明之花——石钟山石窟。     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Garibaldi and Mazzini: thought and action

Abstract

The relationship between Mazzini and Garibaldi is described in its ideological roots and in its political developments, in order to show their different attitude towards the Italian unification. Although their first misunderstanding happened during the Roman Republic in 1849, Mazzini's influence is still strong in the organization and in the success of the liberation of Two Sicilies in 1860, particularly through Francesco Crispi. The final personal break was caused by the unlucky experience of the Mentana expedition (1867), when Garibaldi failed to free Rome. Fundamental ideas as democracy, republic, social justice, humanity and universal brotherhood have been however always common to them. The two protagonists of Risorgimento never intended accepting the role to which their fateful encounter prompted them – the one to provide the brawn and the other the brains for Italy's liberation. Just as Mazzini never renounced involving himself in the operational decisions of the movement, Garibaldi never gave up his own way of thinking and looking at things.     

千泉、白水城和恭御城考辨

根据汉籍史料和阿拉伯地理文献,区分了中外史料记述的不同,考辨了千泉、白水城和恭御城的方位。玄奘所言"千泉",当在今哈萨克斯坦的梅尔克;玄奘所言千泉与阿拉伯地理学家所记之千泉,并非指称同一地方。玄奘所记白水城与阿拉伯地理学家所记之白水城(Isfijab)不能相等同;玄奘所记"白水",似应"泉"字之讹,即为阿拉伯地理学家所记之千泉(Abarjaj);而玄奘所记"恭御城"是阿拉伯地理学家所记之白水城。     

解读《边城》和《苔丝》中的画面与音乐

《边城》和《德伯家的苔丝》(简称《苔丝》)分别是中英两国“乡土文学”的典型代表沈从文和哈代的主要代表作。两位作家将画面与音乐视为文字之外的语义载体,填补了文字所不能表达的空白,丰富了作品的主题意境。     

原真性与完整性:质疑、新知与启示

在世界遗产理论发展路程中,对遗产原真性及完整性的质疑和思考是推动理论不断丰富完善的一股重要动力。完整性适用于所有遗产地,整体保护政策正是对完整性这一命题的呼应和阐释。对遗产原真性的质疑主要表现在非物质文化遗产方面,特别是活态遗产,现在遗产界已经越来越认识到非物质遗产不能简单套用物质遗产的原真性,非物质文化遗产环境的原真性要素也可以表现为一种"演进中的原真性"。因质疑而思考,进而获得新知。这一途径启示我们,应以一种开放性的、持续完善的思维和态度来对待遗产事业。     

Geography and psychoanalysis: Tensions and possibilities

I am concerned in this paper with the diversity of psychoanalysis, a feature of the discipline which we can connect with diasporas and the re-working of ideas in different locales. I try to demonstrate how experience and environment have contributed to the development of psychoanalysis. Key to the production of knowledge are the journeys of theorists, practitioners and ideas. Following Liz Bondi, I stress the importance of acknowledging the connection between experience, theory and practice in our own work. I suggest that geographers can follow those psychoanalysts who have moved from the clinic to broader political projects but that they should engage with recent critical research in psychoanalysis if a dialogue is to develop.     

Dictatorships and Revolutions in Portugal and Chile: Ethnography,Memory and Invisibilities

This article discusses the relation between ethnography and underexposure of memory. Displaying similar characteristics, the ethnographies we developed in Portugal and Chile dealt precisely with this thematic in different chronological periods. We are going to point out our fieldwork convergences, specifically in what concerns the data recollection process.     

真品与高仿、粗仿青花瓷热释光及成分分析对比实验

为了防止有人以假乱真,扰乱古董市场的健康发展,为此通过三种青花瓷碎片(真品、高仿、粗仿)的热释光及微探针型X荧光分析对比,找出三者的不同。结果表明,热释光法可以直接给出真伪。从X荧光得到成分来对比此三种瓷片的异同结果,建议用瓷胎的多个主、微量元素一起来分析对比,才易于得到正确的结论。     

Engineers and engineering history: problems and perspectives

In past decades, the history of engineers and engineering has seen spectacular development. Despite this, major interrogations are still left unanswered. This article examines some of these pending questions, like the type of relation that exists between engineering knowledge and practice, or the complex articulation between continuities and discontinuities that characterizes engineering history. Finally, the article proposes to focus on engineering rationality as a possible way to address some of these issues. In order to do so, engineering rationality is not to be confused with some kind of generic and abstract logic. On the contrary, it must be historicized.