清三代粉彩瓷器精品鉴赏与研究

清朝是瓷器制作的高峰期,粉彩瓷器在彩瓷领域的地位逐渐提升,涌现了一大批粉彩瓷器精品。文章简单介绍了清代粉彩瓷器,叙述了清三代（康熙、雍正、乾隆）粉彩瓷器的发展特点,并结合现存粉彩瓷器精品提出几点鉴赏技巧。     

中国外销泰国“苯扎龙”瓷器研究

中国是瓷器的发源地,中国所生产的瓷器质优形美,享誉全世界。在泰国,人人皆知大量瓷器源于中国。中国瓷器对泰国瓷器有着重大的影响,尤其是中国的彩瓷更是泰国王室贵族所爱,是后来泰国的"苯扎龙"(BENCHARONG)瓷器之源。本文将着重探讨中国彩瓷对泰国"苯扎龙"瓷器的影响。一"苯扎龙"瓷器的命名与特征"苯扎龙"瓷器之名由梵文演化而来,"苯扎"(BENCHA)意为"五",而"龙"(RONG,从梵文RANGA演变而来)意为"颜色"。顾名思义,"苯扎龙"就是五彩瓷器之意。     

瓷器——德国及欧洲接受中国文化的一面镜子

迈森和欧洲其它地方手工艺场对接纳中国瓷器的影响由于奥古斯都大帝对瓷器的狂热,他不仅大量收集东亚瓷器,而且于1710年在迈森地区建立了王室瓷器手工工场,制作仿中亚的瓷器。皇室不仅想以此证明,这个手工工场能做出与中国瓷器技艺和艺术水平相同的瓷器,并且想摆脱对昂贵的进口贸易的依赖,同时进一步扩大收藏。萨克森人甚至还计划,在欧洲把迈森的产品作为来自东亚的瓷器出售。这样一来,刚开始的时候,迈森的瓷器肯定会受到中国瓷器很大的影响。但迈森手工工人们并不一味地模仿,     

略谈故宫博物院藏明清瓷器

北京故宫博物院夙以收藏丰富而闻名于世,其藏品不仅数量多,品种齐全,而且包括大量稀世珍宝。瓷器是故宫博物院藏品中的一类,仅明清两代景德镇瓷器即达三十余万件,其中三分之二以上为御窑厂烧制的官窑瓷器,它们是系统研究明清两代瓷器,特别是宫廷御用瓷器的发展、时代特征、造型、纹饰、款识等问题的宝贵资料。本文即就个人所见,对故宫藏明清瓷器作些研究和介绍。一御窑瓷器的特定纹饰如前所述,故宫藏明清瓷器,大多为御     

雍正瓷器上的云纹形态特征研究

清代雍正瓷器以其精湛的工艺水平,细腻的工艺风格,在清代康雍乾瓷器中十分突出,同时成为中国古代瓷器发展的最高峰。云纹是瓷器上的传统装饰辅助纹样之一,由于其丰富的形态以及内涵使得在瓷器上得到广泛应用。本文对雍正时期瓷器上的云纹形态特征进行研究,以望对本民族文化有更深的了解。     

瓷器类文物修复研究初探

在人类历史发展过程中,瓷器是人们日常生活中的重要用具,并且在文物的修复过程中,瓷器类文物的修复也占有较大的比例。已经掌握的瓷器类文物修复手段为破损瓷器的修复带来便利,文章主要对瓷器类文物的修复工作进行研究分析。     

瓷器热释光高温峰测年的初步研究

对陕西耀州窑4个古瓷器碎片的热释光高温峰测量的结果表明,瓷器样品具有天然热释光信号,而且,其信号增长呈良好的线性,高温峰可以用于瓷器的年龄测定和真假鉴定之中,瓷器热释光高温峰技术有望成为热释光测定瓷器年龄的一个方法。     

故宫博物院藏宋代官窑及明清仿官瓷器的显微特征

本研究利用光学显微镜对院藏33件宋代官窑瓷器和12件明清仿官瓷器进行了无损分析。研究人员通过对瓷器釉面、釉及胎釉中间层的显微观察,对瓷器釉纹片和釉中气泡的记录及统计,系统对比了宋代官窑和明清仿官瓷器显微结构特征的异同点,并对院藏宋代官窑瓷器和明清仿官瓷器的显微特征进行了初步总结。     

元代集宁路古城遗址出土瓷器解读

元代北方各地所出瓷器不仅数量较多,而且产地也遍及南北各名窑,长期以来研究的重点多集中在器物本身和当时的贸易情况两方面。本文在分析各遗址出土瓷器具体情况的基础上,并对比漠南、漠北、西域三地出土的瓷器后认为,在上述地区各元代遗址出土的瓷器只能说明元代北方各地区、各阶层已普遍使用瓷器,出土瓷器的各元代遗址都是这些瓷器的最终使用地而非贸易中转站,并不存在所谓的"陆上陶瓷之路"。     

从江西地区明代空白期纪年墓看瓷器的流通

江西地区发掘的十处1436—1464年间纪年墓,出土遗物中的瓷器以青花瓷为主,兼有青釉、白釉、黑酱釉、釉里红、青白釉等品种,这些瓷器的产地以景德镇窑最多,龙泉窑次之。江西地区的瓷器流通情况,反映了15世纪中叶的瓷器消费市场由单色釉器开始向青花瓷器转变,印证了景德镇瓷器,尤其是民窑瓷器生产在空白期得到极大的发展,透射出龙泉窑瓷器在江西地区的影响,以及在明代早期繁荣之后的状况。     

长江三角洲大都市区划分研究——兼论中美大都市区界定指标体系的比较

本文运用中国大都市区界定指标体系,根据2002年数据对长江三角洲大都市区进行了重新划分。从划分的结果看,后者与前者相比发生较大变化。而中国大都市区界定指标体系对这种变化表现出了一定的不适应性,因此本文试图通过中美大都市区界定指标体系的比较研究为中国大都市区界定指标体系的修订提供参考。     

Lost primacy: crime in Italy at the end of the twentieth century

This article attempts to answer four questions. First: has Italy today, or has it had in the last thirty years, rates of theft, robbery and homicide that are higher than those in other western European countries? Second: have crime statistics in Italy followed the same pattern as in other European countries in the same period? Third: have crime statistics become more or less comparable in the western European countries in this period? Fourth: what factors have determined changes in crime rates in Italy in recent decades?     

Rethinking Postgraduate Education in Geography: The Case of the Netherlands

This paper discusses reforms in postgraduate education in geography in the Netherlands in the context of Europeanization and globalization. Europeanization and globalization have resulted in challenges as well as opportunities for students and universities. In terms of internationalization, Europeanization and the global economic crisis have opposite effects. Although Europeanization has resulted in an increased international orientation of postgraduate students in geography, the global economic crisis and the resulting cuts in the university and students' budgets hamper other aspects of the internationalization of postgraduate education in the Netherlands.     

现代化进程中的民主与威权--对巴西1964年军事政变经济根源的个案研究

根据传统的西方现代化理论,欠发达社会的现代化进程中,经济发展与政治民主是同步发展、相互促进的。但20世纪60年代以来非西方国家的政治发展现实对这一观点提出了挑战。在巴西,经济现代化带来了威权主义,而非民主政治。其原因在于巴西的现代化模式进口替代工业化的发展过程中,必然出现通货膨胀和国际收支危机,经济的进一步发展要求首先实行经济紧缩,而经济上的紧缩则要求政治上的权威。巴西1964年的政变虽只是一个个案,但它表明,不能用西方现代化“和谐的”、“直线的”道路来分析第三世界国家的现代化。     

Age-dependent bone loss in the femur in a medieval population

Age-dependent bone loss in femurs in a medieval skeletal assemblage from Wharram Percy, England was studied. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) in the proximal femur; radiogrammetry was used to measure cortical index (FEMCI) at the femur mid-shaft. Age-related loss of BMD was found in the proximal femur in both sexes. Females but not males showed loss of FEMCI. Patterning in bone loss with respect to age, sex and site in the skeleton resembled that seen in recent subjects. In this respect the results are similar to those of a previous study of metacarpal cortical bone in the same archaeological assemblage. Given the large difference in lifestyles, and that lifestyle factors are widely held to influence the severity of bone loss in osteoporosis, the similarities between the medieval and modern populations in the patterns of bone loss are surprising. These findings support those from an earlier study of these skeletons in calling into question the role of lifestyle factors in influencing the severity of bone loss in osteoporosis. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Capacity for Freedom – Using a New Poverty Measure to Look at Regional Differences in Living Standards within Australia

Using a recently developed measure of multidimensional poverty, the Freedom Poverty Measure, the difference in poverty rates of major cities, inner regional, and other areas have been compared. The population living in ‘other areas’ had the highest proportion of individuals living in freedom poverty. Those in inner regional areas (P = 0.0303) and those in major cities (P < 0.0001) were significantly less likely to be in freedom poverty than those in ‘other areas’. However, when breaking the analysis down to look at the different poverty rates for different age groups across the three regional classifications, it was found that there was no difference in the likelihood of being in freedom poverty between children in inner regional and other areas, adults in inner regional and other areas, and older people in inner regional and other areas. This may indicate that the disadvantage experienced by those living in regional centres has been overlooked in the past and is an emerging contemporary issue for health and education equity as well as economic equality.     

DAUGHTER DISCRIMINATION AND FUTURE SEX RATIO AT BIRTH IN INDIA

This paper examines recent trends in sex ratio at birth in all the major states of India, based on three rounds of the National Family Health Survey. It finds evidence of an increase in the ratio, particularly at the second-order birth among women having a first daughter in many states in the northwestern region of the country. Also, there are signs of daughter aversion emerging in Odisha, an eastern state. Based on parity progression ratios and the trend in sex selection, an attempt is made to estimate the peak of sex ratio at birth in India. With moderate intensification in sex selection in the northwestern region, sex ratio at birth is expected to reach a peak of 117–119 males per 100 females around the period 2021–2026. If, in addition, sex selection spreads further in the southeastern region, the sex ratio at birth in India could even increase to a level of 124.     

Emerging vacuums of strategic planning: an exploration of reforms in Finnish spatial planning

The paper offers a theory-based evaluation of the ongoing reforms in the Finnish spatial planning regime. The paper argues that Finnish planning is moving in a reactive and market-driven direction. This development is not being brought about solely through a direct decrease in public discretionary powers in planning, but is also unfolding indirectly through a process of rescaling in the spatial planning regime. These processes increase municipal autonomy in relation to other planning scales, despite problems observed in the municipality-centred market-driven planning orientation. The resulting reduction in manoeuvring room in public planning is conceptualized in the paper as expanding vacuums of strategic planning. Building on concepts from the literature on state transformation theory and scale theory, the paper draws together theoretical and empirical conclusions from several case studies conducted in close-to-administration projects.     

试析金代中都路城市群的发展演变及其空间分布特征

:本文以金代中都路地区城市群作为研究对象,对区域城市群的发展演变和空间布局进行了深入的探讨分析。本文认为,金代是北京地区城市发展的重要转折时期,随着金代社会经济的进一步发展,中都路城市群不仅在数量上有所增加,同时,金中都地区政治格局的改变、社会经济的进步以及交通格局的改善也使中都路城市群在地域结构上出现新的变化。在空间布局上,区域城市群呈现出以交通道路为骨架,按照河流流域组团分布的格局。     

Investigation of the temporal change of the sources of Aeolian dust delivered to East Asia using electron spin resonance signals in quartz

The temporal change in the number of oxygen vacancies in quartz was investigated by ob-serving the E1’ center in the atmospheric depositions collected at two cities in Japan in the recent past. The depositions collected at Fukuoka in March show the ESR intensities being correlated with the sum of the number of the days, in the month, on which Kosa was observed while no such correlation was found in the deposition those collected at Akita but a trend of decrease with time. The present results suggest that the number of oxygen vacancies in quartz might be useful to estimate quantitatively the contribution of the dust originated from China to the atmospheric deposition in Japan.