The Provisioning Crisis during the First World War

Although the agricultural region of Voronezh Province did not experience a food supply crisis during the First World War and up to 1917, it did suffer from a prolonged provisioning crisis, the result of administrative problems and mistakes, that in turn contributed to popular unrest, both in the province and throughout the empire.     

布罗代尔的“经济世界”与沃勒斯坦的“世界经济”

法国史家布罗代尔在《菲利普二世时代的地中海与地中海世界》一书中阐明了"经济世界"概念的内涵和外延,它们对世界经济体系理论产生了重要影响。美国史家沃勒斯坦则在其"世界经济"理论中重点揭示了世界经济与资本主义的相伴相生关系。本文认为,两位学者的论说在观念上的差异体现在一与多之争,以及看待市场、国家与资本主义的关系等问题的分歧上,同时指出,历史比较研究不仅对于理解世界历史进程有着重要的意义,还有利于深入理解当代全球化中民族经济的作用。     

自养与本色之深入：1929年世界经济危机冲击下的华北基督教

1929年世界经济危机发生后,西方基督教差会被迫减少对华传教事业经费,裁减传教士人数,对华北基督教产生重要影响。华北教会为此提倡受托主义,鼓励教徒捐献,并减少职员薪金;同时,教会为减轻经济负担,还组织各种义工训练班,注意培养义务工作人员为教会服务;教会学校与医院在差会经费减少的形势下,通过裁员减支、增收学费与住院费及向政府、社会力量请求援助等多种形式维持运营。此次经济危机有利于增强中国教会及教会机构的自养,破除教徒的依赖心理,推动了中国教会的本色化进程,但不能从根本上使其摆脱对西方经费的依赖。     

The Global Economic Crisis and China's Foreign Trade

Two noted academic specialists on China's economic geography are joined by a research assistant to examine the impact of the current global economic crisis and recession on China's trade with the rest of the world. Relying on statistics collected by the country's customs administration through the first half of 2009, the authors identify and analyze trends in China's imports and exports (detailing countries of origin and destination) as well as balance of trade. They also develop and present an input-output model in order to gain a more precise understanding of the country's trade dependence (both before and during the crisis) than afforded by analyses based on conventional statistics, and explore some of the implications of the decline in trade on levels of domestic unemployment.     

The Global Economic Crisis and Unemployment in China

Two noted academic specialists on labor economics and population statistics of China examine the impacts of the global economic crisis of 2008-2009 on the job security of urban workers, and the ensuing repercussions for the Chinese society and economy. More specifically, they probe and determine the magnitude of urban unemployment in China in 2008 and 2009 as it appears to be reported in different segments of the country's immense labor market. A particular focus of the paper is on differences in unemployment among two groups of workers (those with urban hukou vis-à-vis rural migrant workers) with significantly different sets of rights and privileges, as well as levels of job security. The authors also provide an estimate of the urban unemployment rate in 2009 that differs from the official rate. They argue that measures toward further integration of rural and urban labor markets and reducing natural unemployment are ultimately more beneficial than short-term interventions to adjust cyclical joblessness stemming from the global economic crisis and recession.     

危机与应对:论皖南地区的经济抗战

经济抗战是中国抗战历史的重要内容,对于保证中国抗战的最后胜利具有决定性作用。在位于东南战场大后方的皖南地区,除对敌开展军事斗争外,经济战也是当地军民反抗日本侵略的一种重要方式。在战时皖南行署的领导下,皖南敌后区实施了增加生产、平抑物价、严查敌货、打击走私、组建金融网等一系列经济举措,在一定程度上改善了皖南敌后区严峻的经济形势,粉碎了日敌的经济进攻,为这一地区乃至东南战场抗战力量的持久存续以及中国抗战的最终胜利做出了重要贡献。皖南地区的经济抗战实为中国经济抗战历史的一个真实缩影。     

从世界历史看当前经济危机的重大影响

资本主义经济危机是世界历史进程中的产物.自19世纪以来,经济危机频仍发生.这些危机有相同的、规律性的东西,但其诸多方面、特别是历史影响,也有不尽相同之处.从世界历史的视野来分析19世纪50年代以来的重大经济危机,特别是把当前的金融危机与20世纪30年代大危机做一比较,不难发现,当前这次危机明显暴露出资本主义内在发展动力不足,外部面临的挑战前所未有.其重大历史影响主要体现在以下几个方面.