桐城派与徽州朴学

姚鼐代表的桐城派与戴震代表的徽州朴学,常被视为水火不相容,章太炎称之为文士与经儒之争。但乾嘉时代同属安徽的两个学术重镇之间颇有渊源,两地学者相互影响,保持着密切的关系。方苞与江永有学术上的交往,两人学术志趣极为相近;刘大櫆则融入并深化了徽州青年才俊中盛行的"古文"学风。     

‘Halt! Be Men!’: Sikelgaita of Salerno,Gender and the Norman Conquest of Southern Italy

This article examines the career of Sikelgaita (1040–1090), wife of the Norman conqueror of southern Italy, Robert Guiscard, as a means of understanding the impact of the ‘other’ Norman conquest of the eleventh century. Sikelgaita is unusual in that she has left images in narrative sources both within and well beyond the confines of southern Italy. She is also well documented at a local level. Both types of material combine to reveal her crossing gender boundaries in titles she used, the way in which she managed property, her legendary presence alongside Robert on his campaigns and, more speculatively, in organising a campaign of written propaganda to ensure the succession of her son to his father's patrimony in preference to his half‐brother by Sikelgaita's predecessor as Robert's wife. Her history raises the problems of women's access to written texts, their conscious shaping of their own identities, their conflicting loyalties between natal and marital families, and the need for competing male heirs to prove themselves against a prevailing notion of masculinity in a period when one aggressively masculine group, the Lombards, was being supplanted in power by another, the Normans. As such, it demonstrates that the lives of so‐called ‘exceptional’ women continue to have a value to historians of gender in the middle ages, and can often demonstrate the patriarchal boundaries which even they could not cross.     

Private School Enrollment and Public School Performance

Advocates of education privatization often take two general approaches to denigrating commonplace public school monopoly service provision assignments. One general argument is that public school administrators are self-interested rent-seekers, which is evidenced by the ever-enlarging bureaucracies they operate. This argument has been roundly criticized by Kevin Smith and Kenneth Meier (1994, 1995) in two methodologically rigorous analyses. The second general argument is grounded in the assumption that public school student performance will improve if public schools are forced to compete for enrollment with private school alternatives. The evidence regarding this claim of privatization advocates has been contested in a systematic study of North Carolina school districts, but requires further analysis to determine if these findings can be generalized to school districts writ large. Such a replication study is presented here, with findings reported that are in agreement with those of Newmark (1995).     

Marine electrical resistivity tomography for shipwreck detection in very shallow water: a case study from Agropoli (Salerno,southern Italy)

A marine electric resistivity survey was carried out over a submerged beach along the Agropoli shore (Salerno, Italy) to detect buried objects of archaeological interest below the sandy seabed. We found a shipwreck, a military vessel that probably sunk during the Salerno landing operations of the allied forces in the Second World War. Resistivity data provide information on the vertical and horizontal extension of the shipwreck, which is characterized by very low calculated resistivity values (about 2–5 ohm m). Such values differ significantly from the sand and the bedrock values (5–40 ohm m). Although the presence of the shipwreck is clearly visible from geoelectric data, the joint application of electric, magnetic and multibeam bathymetric techniques reduces the ambiguities inherent in each method. As shown in the Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and confirmed by the Digital Elevation Model (obtained from the processing of bathymetric data), the shipwreck extends more than 30 m in NE–SW direction and it is about 13 m wide. The global extension of the relic is consistent with the magnetic data, that are characterized by a magnetic anomaly with an amplitude of about 1800 nT and similar dimension, as inferred from the estimation of source boundaries obtained from the computation of the analytic signal. The results of our survey encourage the use of marine geoelectrical methods for the detection of buried archaeological targets, particularly in locations where the use of seismic prospecting is not effective (e.g. very shallow water with sandy sea-bottoms). The integration of different geophysical methods allows to better define the extension, depth and thickness of buried objects, suggesting that such an approach is the most effective for underwater archaeological investigations.     

图画但留后人看-“虞山画派”与“娄东画派”的关系简

明清时期是我国绘画流派林立的繁荣时代,是“浙派”、“吴门画派”、“松江画派”、“虞山画派”、“娄东画派”频繁活动的时期,这一时期也是西方绘画流派崛起的重要历史时期。东西方绘画流派同时进入盛期,成为世界绘画史上颇为壮观的历史时代。“虞山画派”、“娄东画派”继承了明末“松江画派”的绘画观念以及绘画创作理念,     

玄武释源

玄武是中国文化中历史悠久,演变复杂,影响极广,地位重要,并得到官方及民间普遍崇奉的道教大神。玄武在由代表方位四时的四灵神兽发展成为象征北方的北方神;进而成为镇托北方、扶保社稷的真武真君;其发展演变莫不与中国传统思想文化、历史进程、政治军事态势以及民间信仰等息息相关。其代表形象、功能、内涵及外延均经历了一个漫长的发展过程。本文紧密围绕这一主题展开,试图就玄武崇拜的历史发展作一个系统化梳理。     

海派与京津派之浅析

京派与海派曾发生过激烈之争,鲁迅在20世纪30年代发表过《“京派”与“海派”》一文。他认为：北京是明清的帝都,上海乃各国之租界。帝都多官,租界多商,所以文人之在京者近官,沿海者近商。近官者在使官得名,近商者在使商获利。而自以赖以糊口,要而言之。不过“京派”是官的帮闲;“海派”则是商的帮忙而已。以今人的眼光去看当时对“京派”及“海派”的议论,会觉得有些偏颇。     

My Mother School

My fellow friends and I were shipped in Jiefang trucks from the land of snow to the Southwest Institute for Nationalities in Chengdu in 1964. It was the first time I was able to read books other than children's     

“浙东史学”再认识

自章学诚《史通义》有专篇论述“浙东学术”以来,梁启超、钱穆、何炳松、陈训慈、金毓黻、刘节、杜维运、朱仲玉、叶建华等学对浙东学术的精华“浙东史学”都有论及。但浙东史学作为一个学术范畴,至今尚未有大致统一的认识。上述学的论述,或偏重于某一个时期,或着眼于浙东的某一个地区,或研究一二个重要学人。本在上述各家看法的基础上,试把浙东史学作为一个在一定区域内不断发展的史学流派进行研究,并概括其史学学术特点,以期说明它在中国史学史上的地位。     

扬州学派形成考论

江北古学的兴起,由王念孙首倡,以汪中为中介,结合了李惇、贾田祖、刘台拱、朱彬等学者,组成一学术社群,抨击宋儒之学,宣扬考据学风气。扬州学者建构了考据学系谱,以团结同道。此外,婚姻圈和服务于幕府也为扬州学者提供了相互之间的认同,为学派的形成创造了条件。     

The First World War and Public School Ethos: The Case of Uppingham School

Abstract

This paper examines the experience in the First World War of Uppingham School, then a middle-ranking public school, and its old boys, in comparison to prevailing scholarly orthodoxy. This holds that a public school education inspired attitudes of leadership and sacrifice and also provided elementary military knowledge, which made public schoolboys an important source of British Army junior officers in the war. Drawing on primary sources including the school’s own records the author concludes that there is little in the attitudes and experience of the old boys to support this orthodoxy and that a more nuanced approach is required.     

School Choice in Milwaukee

For decades educational reformers have identified school choice programs as a strategy for restructuring public school systems. Practically every state has considered or adopted a school assignment program that qualifies as a "choice" initiative, one in which students and parents have some choice in school selection. Increasingly, school districts are contemplating plans that include a choice of private, as well as public, schools. One of the most far-reaching of these school choice plans is the Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Parental Choice Program, which, as legislated, allows parents to use vouchers to enroll their children in both sectarian and nonsectarian schools in the community. This paper explores the evolution of school choice in Milwaukee and examines the extent to which school choice is representative of other privatization efforts currently under way in the United States.     

Beijing Tibet Middle School

The year marks the 20th anniversary of the Central Government decision to run Tibet middle schools in the hinterland. At present, there are such schools or Tibetan classes in 26 provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government. They work to train technical personnel and teachers for Tibet. Launched in 1987, the Beijing Tibet Middle School has since trained more than 2,800 middle and high school students for Tibet. Many of them returned to Tibet for construction.     

Zhongdian Gyisoidainzin Nursery School

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School for Homeless Children

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俄国史学中的“国家学派”

国家学派是19世纪中期到20世纪初俄国众多史学流派中最有影响的一个学派。本文主要论述了国家学派的形成与特点,国家学派所涉及的主要问题及其历史观念,以及俄国史学界在不同时期对它的总体评价。