《浙江省垣城厢图》考

《浙江省垣城厢图》是新近公开的一种近代城市地图,也是迄今有关杭州的最为详细的城市古旧地图。该图测绘之精确、内容之丰富,在我国地图史上亦属罕见,因此成为城市史地研究不可多得的珍贵地图资料。本文在详细考察地物表现与测绘技术、成图年代、绘制者与刊印者等有关该图基本性质的基础上,尝试从历史地图学的角度,对该图在杭州与我国近代城市地图史上的定位及其在城市历史形态学上的研究价值予以初步的探讨与评价。     

晚清西方人绘制近代北京城市地图概述

1860年后,西方列强外交人员得以进驻北京,西人绘制的北京城市地图数量日益增多,准确性逐步提高,地图种类和用途也被极大丰富。系统整理晚清时期西人绘制的北京城市地图史料,依照地图用处、出版方式将地图分为三种,再以文化交流史的视角和文学研究中文本分析的方法,看北京城图所体现出的晚清中外关系以及西方人塑造的北京城市形象。     

《柳州历史地图集》出版发行

由柳州市地方志编纂委员会办公室编辑的《柳州历史地图集》2006年10月由广西美术出版社出版发行。该书编录的地图分为两部分。第一部分是遗存的柳州古旧地图选录,主要有境域图、城池图、官署图、学校图（包括学宫图、书院图等）等共186幅。     

英国皇家地理学会所藏上海开埠早期英租界地图考释

英国皇家地理学会收藏的一张开埠早期上海英租界的地图没有标注绘制时间。一种观点认为,该地图绘制于1846—1847年,另一种认为绘制于1844—1847年。两种观点均属推测。根据地图上的信息,结合当时英租界的测绘情况,可以推出该地图大致绘制于1846年10月1—19日。该地图为目前所见近代上海英租界最早的一幅城市地图,为早期上海英租界城市发展史提供了有力证据,并弥补了《上海道契》记载的不足,具有十分重要的史料价值。     

柳州古旧地图的形态与研究价值

古旧地图中承载了大量的自然、社会和人文信息。本文考察柳州区域内留存的古旧地图的形成及状况,并探讨古旧地图的特有价值。     

第一幅长城地图《九边图说》残卷——兼论《九边图论》的图版改绘与版本源流

世界上第一幅长城地图《九边图说》是明代许论在嘉靖十三年绘制的,该图描绘了包括镇城、关楼、卫所、营堡、驿站在内的多层次、立体性的长城防御体系。《九边图说》残卷东起镇北关,西至偏头关西,现存三门峡市博物馆,是许论上呈世宗的副本。《九边图说》采用中国古代地图绘制中的形象绘法,对当时流传的,目前研究评价甚高的"计里画方"与图例绘法并未采用,而是以直观、实用为目的,反映出明代仍然继承了中国古代地图绘制中的人文传统。单纯以科学、定量方法衡量、构建中国古代地图史,是一种基于西方现代制图学的观念。这种方法并不符合中国古代地图绘制的内在传统。作为第一幅长城地图,《九边图说》残卷具有重要的学术与文物价值。存世多个版本的《九边图论》、《九边图》,只有谢少南刻本基本反映了《九边图论》原貌,其他皆有所改绘。     

《榆林府城图》与清代榆林城水患

大连市图书馆藏《榆林府城图》具有重要的史料价值.通过对该图所绘建筑(刘公祠)和大量注记文字的考证,发现该图实绘制于光绪八年(1882),并非如一些著作所认为的同治二年(1863)或前后;该图也不是一般的"城市图",而是一幅专门的"城市水患治理图".榆林城的水患问题是清代乾隆年间开始显现并逐步加重的,这与同时期开始的榆溪...     

欧洲传教士绘制的第一份中国地图

本文研究了晚明时期进入中国的耶稣会士罗明坚所绘制的第一份中国分省地图,对地图的绘制者罗明坚和地图的基本内容作了初步的探讨。指出了这份地图的底本是《大明一统文武诸司衙门官制》一书。     

天水放马滩地图注记及其内容初探

天水放马滩地图是我国乃至世界上迄今发现的最早的实物地图，其地图注记的类型和内容，是评价和衡量地图绘制技术，揭示其内涵和历史信息的重要依据。本文通过对放马滩地图六类十种注记符号和三类七种注记内容的划分和论析，揭示了放马滩地图绘制技术的先进性和科学价值。     

中国历史地图集编绘的历史轨迹和理论思考

中国历史地图的编绘历史悠久,早在晋代就绘有著名的历史地图,但中国古代的历史地图都不是现代意义上的经纬测绘地图,而主要是以编绘政区疆域山川内容为主,并没有现代历史地图的综合表现。明末西方传教士将现代经纬测绘地图技术带入中国,但就是整个清代而言,大多数仍是采用传统的计里画方的平面符号和散点透视的写意山水方法进行地图绘制,中国历史地图是在清末才开始采用现代经纬测绘平面符号绘制和多色套印印刷,这方面日本人早于中国用现代方法绘制中国历史地图。从20世纪五十代以来,中国的历史地图编绘进入了繁荣时期。当代中国历史地图的编绘存在许多方面的不足,如存在将历史地图看成文化工程而不是科学工程、强调绘制技术忽视基础研究的误区,从而影响了编绘中国历史地图集的科学信度和使用功效。未来中国历史地图的编绘,释文同步化、地图信息化、多维直观化、历史场景化应该是四大发展方向。     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.