Jiang Meets the 11th Bainqen

Ｊｉａｎｇ　Ｍｅｅｔｓ　ｔｈｅ　１１ｔｈ　ＢａｉｎｑｅｎＪｉａｎｇＭｅｅｔｓｔｈｅ１１ｔｈＢａｉｎｑｅｎ￥／／ＯｎｔｈｅａｆｔｅｒｎｏｏｎｏｆＪａｎｕａｒｙ１２，１９９６，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＰｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔＪｉａｎｇＺｅｍｉｎｍｅｔｗｉｔｈｔｈｅ１１ｔ...     

My Experience With the 10th And 11th Panchen Erdeni

Ithasbeen10yearssincethe10thPanchenErdenidiedofsuddenheartattackonJanuary28,1989inTibet.ThestupawasbuiltwithaCentralGovernmentallocationamountingto60millionyuan.BeforehisdeparturefromBeliing,manyofhisfriendsadvisedhimtopostponetheconsecrationonthegroundsthatTibetwasenduringafreezingwinter.Butthemasterrefused.sayingthatthetimingwassetaccordingbydivination.DuringhisstayinTibet,themasterworkedtirelessly.Hehelddiscussionswithlocalresidentsandlamas,inspectedurbanandruralareas,andblessedmanyfoll…     

Traditional Perceptions of the Dog Among the Khakas People of the Late 19th–Mid-20th Century

The article describes a body of myths and rituals associated with the dog, one of the most prominent ? gures of Khakas folklore. The analysis covers the functional and symbolic aspects of the dog as well as the relationship between the dog and rituals associated with life cycles.     

Rminiscences of the 10th Panchen Erdeni

Talkingaboutthesuddendemiseofthe1OthPanchenErdeniinTibet1Oyearsago.everyoneImetexpressedtheirsorrowbysay-ing"Itwasfartooearly".Indeed,the1OthPanchenErdeniwasagreatmasterreveredbyall.MyfirstmeetingwithhimtookplaceinLanzhouinApril1951,whenIwasworkingintheEthnicGroupOfficeoftheCPCGansuProvincialUnitedFrontWorkDepartment.HewasonhiswaytoBeijingtopaytributetotheCentralGovernmentandassistinthenegotiationswiththelocalgov-ernmentofTibetonmattersconcern-ingthepeacefulliberationofTibet.Heimpr…     

Headaches of the 14th Dalai Lama

AIthoughthe14thDalaicliquehasbeenmakingabigfanfareaboutthesocalled"Tibetanissue",thecliqueisbeingtornLapartbyinfightingHEROSBECOMEENEMY.The"fourriversandsixmountainranges"referstoareactionaryrebelorganizationfirstfoundedbysomeheadmen,religiousfiguresandbanditsinearly1956intheTibetanareasinSichuanandYunnan.In1958,asegmentmovedintoTibet,totheappreciationandsupportofthe14thDalaiLamaandTibetanseparatistforces.The"religionprotectionarmyofthefourriversandsixmountainranges"wasformedtoresis…     

Impact of Salmon Fishing on Livelihood and Social Relations Among the Ulchi and the Amur Nanai (Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Century)

Drawing on an analysis of literary sources, 1897 Census data, and the author's ?eld materials, the study examines the impact of salmon ?shing on the economic and social structures of the Tungus-Manchu ethnic groups – the Ulchi and Nanai people. Speci?c features of the spawning migration of various species of Paci?c salmon formed the regional basis of livelihoods in the Lower Amur region. These same features determined the economic character and structure of settlements as well as impacting social relations among the Amur Nanai and the Ulchi.     

Copper production at Baratti (Populonia,southern Tuscany) in the early Etruscan period (9th–8th centuries BC)

Populonia is commonly regarded as one of the most important iron working centres in Europe in the 1st millennium BC. However, multiple layers of copper slags have been recently discovered at the bottom of the slag deposit occurring along the shoreline of the underlying Baratti Gulf. Copper slag layers have been radiocarbon dated to the 9th–8th centuries BC, i.e. to an early metallurgical stage predating the later large-scale iron production. The overall features of copper slags indicate a single-step smelting process of copper-rich ores containing variable amounts of Zn and Pb. Chemical and textural features of copper slags indicate an optimised, high-efficiency metallurgical process.     

New Elements in the Iconography of 9th–10th Century Ural-Siberian Silver

On the basis of its technological and stylistic features, a new find of oriental silverware from the Konda River is identified as a work of the Ural-Siberian circle and dated to the 9th–10th centuries. Its scene of gender violence is interpreted using the parallel text of the “Sabha Parva,” which describes the sufferings of Draupadi, Queen of Pandavas, and the actions of Duhshasana who won her in a game of dice. The urban culture of the pre-Arabian Sogd connects the Indian source with the Turkic environment of the Ural region. Here knowledge of the story from the “Sabha Parva” had not yet been recorded but nonetheless existed judging from scenes from the “Virata Parva” which appears among the monumental paintings of Penjikent.     

An age of transition? Castles and the Scottish Highland estate in the 16th and 17th centuries

Abstract

In the archaeology of post-medieval rural Scotland, research traditions have inhibited understanding of social change prior to the 18th century as the emphasis has been on the dramatic overturn of 'traditional' society with Improvement and the Clearances. This contrasts with the situation for England and, indeed other parts of Europe, where there is an established concern for the much earlier 'Age of Transition' from medieval to modern. Here I explore the ancestry of Improvement by considering the genesis of the landed estate in the 16th and earlier 17th centuries, and this is primarily achieved through an analysis of the architecture and geography of castles in one area of the Highlands. This case study concerns the castles of the Glenorchy Campbells, a lineage emerging in the earlier 15th century and proceeding to become one of the most significant of Scottish, and British, landed families. In no small part through a changing approach to castle building, their rise was predicated on the transformation of clan territory into landed estate in the period after 1550. The usefulness of the 'Age of Transition' construct, in this specific context and in general, is appraised. In concluding, I argue for the alternative of the dialectical Marxist concept of contradiction. This places the focus on tension, fluidity, and lack of resolution in society, running counter to the idea of transition from one state to another. With contradiction, modern society as a simply definable entity is never established and cannot be delineated in a straightforward way. It is an itinerant process, constantly emerging and changing.     

Ever Lasting Memory──10th Death Anniversary of the 10th Panchen Erdeni

The10thPanchenErdeniinspectingamountainvillageoftheBaiethnicgroupinDali,The10thPanchenErdeniathome.(1988)The10thPanchenErdeniinspectingalivestockfarminXigaze,Tibet.(January1989)The10thPanchenErdenipresidingovertheabhisedaceremonyinGarze,SichuanProvince.(Seqtember1986)The10thPahchenErdenicarryingoutaninvestigationinaTibetanpas-pastoralarea.De10thPanchenErdenigivingimmunitycapsulestochildrenintheKindergartenoftheCentralInstituteforNationalities[nowtheCentralUniversityforNationalities…     

Stuck on the 38th Parallel? Rethinking the Korean War

Book reviewed:
William Stueck. Rethinking the Korean War: A New Diplomatic and Strategic History.     

USA Plotted the 14th Dalai Lama's Fleeing

The14thDalaiLamafledChinain1959andbegantoleadanexiledlifeinIndia.AnAmericannavalofficer,WilliamKarssen,whohasretired,saidthatIndia'sapprovalforthe14thDalaiLamatostayinIndiawasasecretedealreachedbetweenIndianPrimeMinisterNehruandUSPresidentEisenhower.TheUSpresidenttoldtheIndianPrimeministerthattheUnitedStateswouldprovidewithtrainingfor400nuclearresearchersifIndiacouldacceptthe14thDalaiLama.USA Plotted the 14th Dalai Lama's Fleeing…     

Central Government Policy Towards the 14th Dalai

Afterthedefeatofthearmedrebellionin1959th614thDalaiLameafledfledTibetandhasstucktothepositionofopposingandsplittingthemotherlandInrecentyears,undertheinstigationofcertainforeignforcesm,heassessedthesituationwronglyandsteppeduphisactstosplitupthemotherland…     

A Memorial to the 9th Bainqen Lama

ＡＭｅｍｏｒｉａｌｔｏｔｈｅ９ｔｈＢａｉｎｑｅｎＬａｍａ￥ｂｙＬｉｕＳｈｅｎｇｑｉＩｔｗａｓＡｐｒｉｌ１９２５，ｓｐｒｉｎｇｈａｄａｒｒｉｖｅｄａｎｄＨａｎｇｚｈｏｕ，ａｃｉｔｙ（ｉｎＺｈｅｊｉａｎｇＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ）ｒｅｗａｓａｂｅａｕｔｉｆｕｌｇ...     

Reincarnation of the 6th Living Buddha Razheng

Whiletherestoftheworldgreetedtheadventofthenewmillenniumwithfireworks,theTibetanscelebratedwithagrandBuddhisteventofhistoricalsignificance.OnJanuary16,2000,two-yearoldSoinamPuncogwasrecognizedasthereincarnatedsoulboyofthelate6thLivingBuddhaRazheng.BornonOctober13,1997inJialiCountyinnorthernTibet,theboybecamethe7thLivingBuddhaRazhenginfrontofthestatueofSakyamuniintheJokhangMonasteryinLhasawiththeapprovaloftheCentralGovernment.SEARCHINGFORTHESOULBOY.Followingthedeathofthe6thLiv…