一部真实反映清初移民社会生活史的族谱

一部真实反映清初移民社会生活史的族谱陈世松族谱是研究封建社会移民史的重要资料。迄今,在研究对四川乃至对全国都曾造成不同程度影响的移民浪潮──“湖广填四川”时,各种学术论著无不援引族谱作为分析论证的依据。目前在一些大的公共图书馆和大学、研究单位图书馆中...     

清代四川客长制研究

随着清初大量外省移民进入四川,客长这一具有移民社会特质的地方基层管理人员便在四川城乡各地出现。通过对客长的任免程序、功能及其与保甲制关系的考察发现,在面对移民占人口比例绝大多数的"非常态"社会中,清地方政府从具体的实际出发,将民间自发的管理方式纳入官方既有的管理体制之中,既强化了对地方的监管,又在一定程度上维护了地方的稳定。     

1929年河南灾民移垦东北述论

传统而言,灾民的灾后安置不外乎“移民就粟”和“移粟就民”等几种手段。1929年,河南灾荒发生后,为了挽救灾民,河南赈务会进行了这次颇具规模的灾民移垦活动。灾民的此次移垦并不十分顺利,在政府和社会各界的共同努力下,完成了河南灾民的东北移垦。依靠社会各界的帮助和自身的劳作,灾民最终避免了被家乡灾荒吞噬的厄运。灾民移垦不仅解决了河南部分灾民的生存问题,同时对于开发东北也起到了一定的作用,随着河南移垦灾民的土著化,这种意义体现得将更加明显。     

清代四川土著和移民分布的地理特征研究

清代四川土著和移民分布的地理特征研究蓝勇清代四川地区土著和移民问题,是清代历史研究中较重要的问题。清初四川究竟存有多少土著？土著存留多少有无地域差异？究竟有多少移民进入四川？各省移民的具体比例怎样？各省移民进入四川后的分布有无地域差异？均是需要进一步...     

清初四川虎患与环境复原问题

清初四川虎患与环境复原问题蓝勇明末清初四川战乱酷烈,有称“三百年江山自此残破”。战乱以后四川人口耗损,社会残破,经济凋弊,田里荒芜,其残破景象的记载不绝于史籍。清代大量的地方志对于这个时期的记载多是人口“靡有子遗”、“人烟断绝”。以往记载清初四川人口...     

百年来国内清代东北移民史研究述评

清初以来,关内向东北移民,是中国历史上最大的人口移动之一,它对东北地区的历史进程产生了巨大而深远的影响。早在上世纪40年代,吴希庸先生就曾指出：“若不日jj悉于东北移民之史,必无法了解全部东北史,尤无法了解东北社会经济史”（吴希庸《近代东北移民史略》,《东北集刊》1941年第2期）。因而,东北移民问题,历来是史学领域一个很有学术价值和现实意义的重大问题。     

清代黑龙江流域农耕区的形成与扩展

清代乾嘉年间 ,汉民的越界移垦及京旗回屯 ,使第二松花江中部平原出现了广大的农耕区 ,形成了西部蒙古族畜牧、东部女真族渔猎、中部农业经营为主的分布局面。清后期的大规模放垦使农耕区急剧扩展 ,至清末不仅包括了中西部广大的松嫩平原 ,而且开始向边远的三江平原及黑龙江、乌苏里江沿岸扩展 ,渔猎、畜牧地区大幅度减少。大量的汉族移民成为农业开发的决定因素 ,农耕区的形成与扩展和移民的趋向一致 ,进程同步。     

抗战时期西部农垦事业的发展

抗战爆发后,国民政府开始注重西部垦务：颁布《非常时期难民移垦规则》等垦荒政策和法令,成立垦务总局负责农垦事业,计划在西部的陕西、四川、广西诸省施行大规模垦殖。西部各省区也根据时局所需,制定了相应的农垦政策和措施。在国民政府的倡导下,西部农垦事业得到较快发展,以国营、省营、民营、屯垦四种形式次第展开,起到了救济难民、稳定社会、增加后方粮食供应、促进西部开发的积极作用。当然,在实际操作中也存在诸多缺陷和弊端。     

清前期闽粤移民四川数量之我见

清前期闽粤移民四川这一历史现象,已为历史学界所关注。近年来,笔者发表了《清代四川的广东移民会馆》和《清代四川的广东移民经济活动》①等拙文,探讨了广东移民在四川的社会组织和经济活动。认为清代广东移民以群体为结构的社会组织──移民会馆数量在２００所以上,分布在四川的８５个府州厅县中,占清代四川府州厅县的５０％以上。广东移民的农业生产活动,使四川农业发生了巨大的变化,即四川商业性农业有了长足的发展。与此同时,广东移民丰富多彩的工商业经济活动,更是推动了四川商品经济的发展。而清前期四川的闽粤移民会馆的建…     

清初政令对生态环境的负面影响

以少数民族身份入主中原的清朝统治者们在建国初颁行了一系列政令,这些政令对于刚刚经历了明末战乱的清初社会生态环境产生了极大的消极作用。本文从圈地令、迁海令到赋役政策的转变和屯垦移民政策三个方面入手,论述了清初的一些政策对生态环境造成的种种恶果。这些政策措施的弊端给人类生存环境造成的长远的恶劣影响足以让后人引以为鉴。     

Shopping,social inclusion and the urban geographies of people with intellectual disability

In this paper, we examine the social geographies of people with intellectual disabilities. We focus particular attention on the significance of shopping and spaces of consumption as they relate to questions social inclusion and belonging in the lives of PWID. The focus on consumption offers a useful counterpoint to a prevailing policy emphasis on social inclusion through productive activities. The paper also contributes to the literature on intellectual disability within social and health geography, shedding light on the varied socio-spatial experiences of people beyond the confines of community-care facilities and other separate spaces. Our analysis draws on data collected from a participatory research project in Toronto (Canada). The project involved a small but diverse group of people with intellectual disabilities, who led academic researchers on a series of excursions designed to explore those places and routes that make up their everyday social geographies. Shopping emerged as a significant but often ambivalent theme in the context of these geographies, and the analysis demonstrates the complex interplay of autonomy and control, pleasure and restraint, care and support that shape people’s experiences of consumption. We conclude by discussing the significance of these findings for notions of social inclusion and belonging.     

Social enterprise and inclusive tourism. Five cases in Siem Reap,Cambodia

ABSTRACT

In recent decades, social enterprise has emerged from a variety of traditions and contexts to occupy a prominent position in relation to social change. Proponents argue that people with a business orientation are uniquely equipped to identify social problems, develop solutions and to scale these up. Muhammad Yunus and the non-collateralized loans of the Grameen Bank are held to exemplify this potential. Meanwhile, mass tourism destinations are increasingly found in less developed countries, placing relatively wealthy tourists in close proximity to poor people. One response to this has been a proliferation of social enterprises within the tourism industry. This paper investigates the potentials and limitations of social entrepreneurship to achieve inclusive tourism through an analysis of five established and highly regarded social enterprises in Siem Reap. The enterprises have created worthwhile new opportunities for poor and marginalized people and contributed substantially to revitalizing elements of Cambodian culture. Beyond these significant successes, their capacity to generate broader inclusiveness in either the tourism sector or the Cambodian economy, generally, appears limited. Continued social benefits are, furthermore, contingent on the commercial success of the enterprises, in a sector which is highly competitive and volatile, with even successful, well-run businesses never entirely secure.     

Ethiopian students' relationship with their environment: implications for environmental and climate adaptation programmes

Historically the voices of young people have been excluded from research and debates about how to respond to environmental degradation and climate change. To include the perspectives of young people in the climate change and adaptation debate, we conducted a Photovoice and draw-and-write project with 29 school students in Ethiopia, through which students were given a platform to explore their social representations of the environment. Thematic analysis of our findings suggested that young people have a deep appreciation of the moral, health-related and economic importance of the environment, a commitment to preserving it and a sense of responsibility and agency in relation to contributing to this preservation. Students saw environmental degradation as reversible, through a combination of commitment by themselves, local government and the global community. We conclude by discussing ways our findings might best be taken up in school-level programmes to strengthen youths’ existing social networks for the consolidation of ‘green’ identities, action and activism.     

Path-dependency in segregation and social networks in the Netherlands

Policy-makers in industrialised countries have been implementing polices to create neighbourhoods with diverse populations in the hopes of increasing and ameliorating inter-ethnic relations. However, social networks seem to remain largely segregated. The composition of people’s social networks is traditionally explained by population compositions and subsequent meeting opportunities versus preferences for homophilious interaction. Little attention has been paid to the social construction behind these two factors. This study of Turkish and native Dutch individuals in two neighbourhoods in Rotterdam from a time-geographic perspective shows that path-dependency plays a large role in keeping social networks segregated. The social circles individuals engage in during their lives are linked together. Individuals are introduced to places, activities and people by their existing social networks, starting with their parents and siblings. As such, they are likely to roam in spaces dominated by people of their own ethnicity, which lessens the opportunity to meet people from other ethnic backgrounds. This role of people’s existing social networks in ethnic segregation has been overlooked in the integration debate so far.     

Seeing what you know: Changing constructions and perceptions of landscape in Epirus,Northwestern Greece, 1945 and 1990

This paper considers how current understandings of historical events, past practices and movements of the people of Pogoni in Epirus, Northwestern Greece, informs the way they currently visually perceive their physical and social landscape. Taking two periods, marked as prior to 1945 and up to 1990, the paper explores, with the use of maps showing different temporal versions of the visual perception of the area, the combination of social, historical and spatial elements which combined to generate Pogoni people's perception of their “place”;. It argues that the current experience of place emphasises both the visual and historical aspects of it (through notions such as “cultural heritage"). In this context, what people “see”; is the combined outcome of particular reconstructions of past relations and movements around the place, overlaid with current practices, experiences and movements through the place.     

A forum on captivity

ABSTRACT

Amid the retreat of government services and a growing reliance on free market logics, scholarship today tends to imagine a world of weakening social ties, of people and populations left to die. This forum, in response, presents a critical complement to this work by foregrounding those moments when society ties people up rather than lets them go.     

胡人发型:中古“剪头胡雏”艺术形象试解

古人发型是文化界长期关注的一个重要现象。发型不仅是时代的特征与时尚的符号,也是各个族群的辨识标志。从北朝到隋唐的中古社会,"剪头胡雏"的文物图像屡屡出现,一般来说,此类胡人形象是剪发而不是束发,在当时以"高髻为尚"的社会习俗中,"剪头胡雏"发型是有着"阶级感"的存在,是有关底层胡人的直观艺术产物。也说明当时入华胡人还没有彻底"汉化",仍然保留着本族群的发型特征。该发式是胡人与汉人的区别,也是其身份归属的象征。     

Moving with practices: the discontinuous,rhythmic and material mobilities of leisure

When considering mobilities within social life, researchers have emphasized the importance of enactment and embodied practices. Yet such understandings of practice as praxis—human action in general—have often left the relationship between practices and mobilities vaguely characterized. This paper therefore engages with an understanding of practices as praktik—distinct patterns of social action made up of interconnected elements—in order to explore how people move not only with cars and trains but also with practices. Praktik provides a context for studying the multiple mobilities of people, objects and ideas, highlighting important dynamics of performance and units of study. Leisure subcultures, the empirical focus of the paper, are important social practices and yet limited attention has been given to how they rely upon and are constituted by mobilities. Drawing upon a qualitative study of patchwork quilting and bird watching, the paper demonstrates that enacting leisure is inextricable from enacting discontinuous mobilities. Enthusiasts' goals lead to common experiences of travelling-in-anticipation and travelling-in-disappointment, while the systematic circulation of objects, such as bird lists and bird books, shape travel even when they are not moving alongside participants. In this way, leisure practices unfold through temporally marked patterns of mobility.     

后大屠杀时代:纳粹屠犹的社会后果分析

20世纪80年代以来,越来越多的学者意识到了大屠杀已经成为一个世界性的问题,在美国、以色列、欧洲等地普遍兴起了对“后大屠杀时代”的研究,主要探讨源于大屠杀并影响到后大屠杀时代的种种社会现象。通过对幸存者的心理磨难、对纳粹屠犹的神学反思、犹太意识的强化以及西方社会的“遗弃”对犹太人的精神打击等问题的研究,可以看出,大屠杀事件对犹太人社会心理产生了重大的影响。     

新中国对促进社会和谐的艰辛探索

新中国的成立消除了导致社会对立、产生社会不和谐的制度根源,为社会和谐开辟了广阔的道路。建国初期,党和国家在恢复国民经济中实现社会稳定,在惩治贪污腐败中密切党群关系,在化解人民内部矛盾中调动一切积极因素,在加强党风建设中增强党和国家凝聚力;十一届三中全会后,党和国家坚持以经济建设为中心,把科学发展作为建设和谐社会的指导原则,把共同富裕作为和谐社会建设的根本导向,把保障民生作为和谐社会建设的重点,把改革发展稳定作为和谐社会建设的保证,把反腐倡廉作为促进社会和谐的紧迫任务,全面推进经济社会发展,推动和谐社会建设发展到一个新阶段。