TIBETAN LANGUAGE AND ITS TERMINOLOGY STANDARDIZATION——Introducing a New Perspective on the Standardization of Tibetan New Words andTerminology

The Tibetan language spoken by the Tibetans belongs to the Tibetan-Burmese branch of the Sino-Tibetan family. It has about six million users who live mainly in the Tibet Autonomous Region （TAR） and four other Tibetan-inhabited provinces： Qinghai Province, Sichuan Province, Gansu Province and Yunnan Province. The standardization of Tibetan terminology is an essential part of China＇s national policy on nationality and national languages. A special column named ＂Tibetan Language and its Terminology Standardization＂ is included in this issue to describe the birth, use, and development of Tibetan language especially the standardization of its new terminology.     

NEWS IN BRIEF

Tibet Elected New Chairman Losang Gyaltsen was elected the new chairman of Tibet Autonomous Regional(TAR)at the close of the first session of the 10th TAR People’s Congress on Jan.29.After his election,he said that the regional government will deepen reform and opening up for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and that harmony and stability is an essential guarantee for Tibet’s development and prosperity.     

NGODRUP＇S DIARY

Today is New Year＇s Day. It is an interesting day. President Wang lectured us on accelerating the development of Tibet. The Tibetan Government has constructed many magnificent buildings in sparsely populated areas, on high mountains, in deep valleys and even in some remote forests. These areas of permanent snow-cover, along with their harsh climate,     

My View on Urban Construction In Tibet

Urban construction in Tibet is, in essence, an issue of economics and culture. It is also part of the lifeline of devel-opment. It is my view that tourism is the linchpin of regional development.Tibet is richly endowed with tourist resources, endowed with the mysticism of Tibetan Buddhism and folklore. Development of tourism calls for corre-     

New Books

“A Forum on the Social Development of Ti-bet in the 21st Century”This is one of the series books entitled“Selected Theses onTibetan Social,Economic and Cultural Studies”More than 20 theses concerning social development of Tibetwere included in this book.It consists of four parts:—the increase of income of Tibetan farmers and herdsmenand the construction of a comparatively well-off society in Tibet;—the social development of Tibet;     

Rural Management——The Way Out for Tibetan Rural Areas

Tibetan towns and villages are the remotest areas in China regional society. The remoteness is evident in two aspects： （i） the natural environment; located in the southwestern frontier of China, as the core of the ＂the Third Extreme＂, Tibet claims to be the farthest area in terms of space, altitude and distance -- and com- pared with towns, this is really true of the villages, （z） the social environment; with the rapid development of Tibet＇s tourist industry in recent years, people tend to focus more on Tibet, but mainly on such cities as Lhasa, Shigatse and Tsetang. Beyond people＇s attention, towns and villages stay far away not only from those socio-economically and culturally developed areas but also from the focus of intensive social development.     

新书

Witness Forty Years of Reform and Opening up in Tibet Autonomous Region This is a book compiled by the editing committee of the book series Collections of Literature and History of Tibet.It contains 70 articles written by those previous leaders and members of the CPPCC of Tibet Autonomous Region who personally experienced and witnessed the land's widespread reform(commonly known in China as reform and opening up).These papers focus on how such people fulfilled their responsibilities and maintained accountability during those times.     

News in Brief

Tibet to Hold ! ITH Mountaineering Assembly The llth Tibet Mountaineering Assembly is going to be held from Sep.26 to Oct.7. It is aimed to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the first ascent of Mount Qomolangma by human beings. The organizers will also hold several mountaineering activities for amateurs to learn mountaineering skills. i,hasa Issued China＇s Firstlmrism Law Lhasa issued the offprint of the Tourism Law of the People＇s Republic of China in August, which is the country＇s first tourism law. Deliberated and approved by the 12th Standing Committee of the National People＇s Congress （NPC）, the law will be put into force on October 1, 2013. Overseas Chinese Painters X＇isited Tibet Nearly 20 overseas artists from 11 countries and areas including the US, Canada, Japan, Australia, France and Italy set out for the journey of ＂Famous Chinese Painters to Tibet＂ on August 16. In the next ten days in Tibet, they produced art works and had seminars with local artists. 2013 Tibetan Thangka Industrial Dexelnpment Forum Ileid in Lhasa The forum was held in the Mass Art Gallery in Lhasa on August 15, attracting the relative experts, scholars and painters in Tibet to have an in-depth discussion about Thangka＇s industrial development pattern and path, and the inheritance and protection in the new media age. Grand Tibetan Musical Yarluag Zangbo Premiered Musical Yarlung Zangbo premiered at the Yarlung Theatre in Lhoka Prefecture on August 15, 2013. The musical showed the time-honored history and culture of Lhoka and also highlighted the Yarlung Cultural Festival from August 15 to 21. Tibet Invests 100 Million Yuan to Build Sehool Bathrooms Almost 100 million Yuan has been invested in building bathrooms for primary and middle school students in Tibet since 2012. It is expected that 109 bathrooms, which make use of solar energy by installing solar power water heaters, will be finished until the end of 2013. Nachen Bridge, connecting the North Circular Road and the 318 National Highway after completion, has realized its closure of the main part structure and is expected to open to traffic within the year. The scenic zone Nanyigou, located in Nyingchi Prefecture, has adopted a tourist quota policy to allow a limit of up to 2,000 per day since August in order to support Chinas bid to build ecological shelter. The 2013 Shoton Festival of Tibet has wrapped up on August 12th. During the seven days＇ festival this year, a total number of 1.38 million tourists have visited Tibet, reaching an all-time high. The Xiahe Airport in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province opened on Aug. 19.     

NGODRUP'S DIARY.(Excerpts)

<正>JAN.1ST,1964;TIBET MAKES A LEAP FORWARD Today is New Year's Day.It is an interesting day.President Wang lectured us on accelerating the development of Tibet. The Tibetan Government has constructed many magnificent buildings in sparsely populated areas,on high mountains,in deep valleys and     

THE 60TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE OPENING OF SICHUAN-TIBET AND QINGHAI-TIBET HIGHWAYS

Highway traffic is lifeblood of the social and economic development in Tibet. Due to the historical and geographical factors, Tibet didnot have a formal road or a civil car before 1950. The economic exchanges relied on the backs of porters and horses.     

ALL TUNNELS ON LHASA-NYINGCHI RAILWAY COMPLETE

正Construction on the last two (Mainling Tunnel and Zagar Tunnel) of the 47 tunnels pertaining to a railway linking Lhasa and Nyingchi in Tibet Autonomous Region has been completed on April 7.Lhasa-Nyingchi Railway is a section of Sichuan-Tibet Railway,which is the first electrified railway in Tibet with a total length of 435 km and a designated speed of 160 km per hour.It is expected to be completed by the end of 2020,and start operation in 2021.     

The Autobiography of a Chinese Bilingual Scholar

Trinley Chodrak, a scholar who is famous in Tibet, once served as Editor inChief and President of the Tibetan People＇s Publishing House, and Curator of the Tibet Museum. After his retirement, the University of Tibet employed Trinley Chodrak as Professor emeritus. He wrote and published The Synopsis of Tibetan Translation History,     

西部大开发中的西藏现代化——以中央政府对西藏的政策支持为视角

The Chinese Government has developed a strategy for the “Broad-Scale Development of WesternChina”, bringing the development of Western China, including Tibet, into the overall strategy for the modernisation of China. It has also formulated special preferential policies towards Tibet. Therefore Tibet is now in historically favorable circumstances for development. By studying those preferential policies toward Tibet adopted by the Chinese Government,the author tries to analyze their social and economic benefits, tease out the fundamental principles of Tibetan development reflected by them,     

AN EXPLORATION OF GARZE'S REGIONALLY CENTRIC TOURISM INDUSTRY

正It lies on the southeastern flank of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.It is the intersection between Sichuan,Yunnan,Qinghai and the Tibet Autonomous Region.This is a place enriched with the flourishing Khampa and Gesar cultures.It is also a place of thick forests in the Hailuo Valley and where the Mt.Gongga Mountain,the sky-blue Mugecuo Lake,     

New Archaeological Finds in Xianquanhe River Valley

Xianquanhe River in Ngari of Tibet got its name because of the valley at its head that looks like an elephant trunk. It originates in Mointo Township,Gar County,running west to pass through Zada County before entering India.The section of the river in India is named the Sutlej.It joins the Chenab River in Pakistan before finally becoming a major tributary on the upper reaches of the Indus River.It is 1.450km long,with a drainage area of 400,000 square km. The survey started with the source of Xianquanhe River and then went on to Zada County’s Xiangba Township.They found many historical remaias of the pre- Buddhism period including stoneware position,great stone relics,ancient graveyards, rock paintings and relics of the     

A Small Project In Tibet——Project for Strengthening Tibetan Traditional Medicine （PSTTM）

The Tibetan Red Cross has a branch in Tibet and in LhasaCity, whose members are openminded, non bureaucratic and sincerely dedicated to the improvement of poor people‘s standard of living and life conditions. So, at the end of the year 2000, they accepted a small project that they have been working with and supporting since with success. The cooperation of local authorities (Lhundrup and Medrogongkar)at every stage and level also contributed enormously to the achievements of the project, It must be underlined that although the sponsors are Europeans and there is one foreigner working with inPSTTM, the work and expertise are solely based on local Tibetan and Chinese knowledge. The reason is simple: there is enough local knowledge for everything needed for this project.     

Highway Bureau Director On Highway Construction

Editor‘s Note: During the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Qinghai-Tibet and Sichuan-Tibet Highways,we interviewed Song Wangui, director of the Tibet Highway Bureau, on road conditions of the two highways and the transport situation in Tibet.     

藏族的“惜杀惜买”研究（英文）

<正>Most scholars working on the economy development in Tibet,especially the husbandry mentioned the"reluctance slaughter and sell"phenomenon of farmer(herdsman)and all agreed that it is an important reason for obstructing the come out rate of livestock in Tibet and causing undeveloped commodity economy and grassland overload.However,most scholars     

For the Illumination of Tibet——State Aid in Power Industry

The State Grid Corporation of China （the State Grid for short） is in charge of powerconstruction in the whole country. Attaching great importance to promoting the development of Tibet, it adopts the policy of aiding Tibet in projects, technology and cultivation of talents, playing an important role in the socio-economic development of Tibet.     

Iodel of Library Training Prograrm at the Tibet Library

Librarianship in Tibet has changed gradually through the years. Its development has been closely tied to the movement of history, economics, and culture in Tibet. There are many issues that have become obstacles in the development of Tibetan libraries. Foremost among these issues is the shortage of professionally trained librarians. This paper discusses the history of Tibetan libraries, and explores the situation of the library and information science （LIS） profession in Tibet. Finally, through analysis of current situations and problems, this paper discusses a model of a library training program at the Tibet library to provide variety and appropriate continuing education for librarians in Tibet.