法国敦煌学的新进展--《远东亚洲丛刊》"敦煌学新研"专号评介

法国汉学曾为海外汉学之正宗。巴黎素有“汉学之都”的美誉。最早的学院派汉学研究的传统就是法国汉学大师雷慕沙（Ａｂｅｌ Ｒｅｍｕｓａｔ）开创的。深厚的法兰西人文精神、严谨的中国乾嘉式考据方法和新颖的西方社会科学理论的交相辉映,使得法国汉学独树一帜,占尽风流。百余年来,名家辈出,佳作纷呈。其影响曾广被欧美、东瀛,并对中国现代学术的建立产生过一定的贡献。（参见桑兵《国学与汉学──近代中外学界交往录》,浙江人民出版社,１９９９年。）虽然二战后,由于日美汉学的迅速崛起,法国汉学逐渐丧失了往日独占鳌头的地位,…     

阎宗临与法国汉学

在阎宗临颇为广泛的治学范围中,尤以在中西交通史领域取得的成就最大,这主要得益于其与法国汉学之间深厚的渊源关系。阎宗临早岁在法语学术界的受教育经历,为其接受法国汉学的影响提供了良好环境。他的相关著述不但触及了法国汉学的主流,而且其研究对象、资料来源,亦或研究主题和思路,都与20世纪上半叶法国汉学界存在着紧密联系。其开拓的研究领域及学术观点和方法,也在20世纪下半叶的法国汉学界得到了回响。阎宗临在充分把握法国汉学发展脉络的基础上,从跨文化的角度开辟新说的做法,凸显出中国学者在国际学术界做出独特贡献的一种可能性路径。     

法国学者对丝绸之路的研究

法国学者对丝绸之路的研究耿欧洲的汉学研究最早是由几个航海大国发起的,如意大利、葡萄牙、西班牙与荷兰等国。但是法国人很快就成了执欧洲乃至整个国外汉学之牛耳者。法国于１８１４年１２月１１日在法兰西学院创设了国外的第一个汉学讲座,汉学从此堂而皇之地进入了...     

20世纪上半叶法国汉学之发展——以《通报》为中心的讨论

创刊于1890年、由法国和荷兰汉学家联袂主编的《通报》汇集了欧洲汉学界主要研究成果。截止1944年,《通报》在历任主编的努力下,确定了其汉学研究的期刊定位,成为欧洲汉学研究交流的平台,是法国汉学快速发展的重要条件。《通报》设置的"学术论文""书目""讣告"等栏目记录了法国汉学研究的历史与动态,反映出法20世纪上半叶国汉学研究的研究范围专精、研究方法更新和学术自觉性加强的特征。     

评《粟特人在中国——历史、考古、语言的新探索》

粟特人在中国研究的新成果--评<粟特人在中国一历史、考古、语言的新探索>本书是<法国汉学>丛书编辑委员会所编的第十辑论文集,作为<法国汉学>"粟特人在中国"的专号出版①.     

早期法国来华耶稣会士对中国民俗的辑录和研究

法国汉学作为西方传统汉学的中心,历史悠久,名家辈出,法国学者对中国的研究始于明清之际入华的耶稣会士。传教士要在中国传播天主教,首先要了解中国民众的信仰和宗教,因此对中国的民俗习惯、伦理道德、传统宗教、民间崇拜、神话传说等进行了初步的调查和研究,也因此向欧洲人打开了陌生神秘的中国社会风俗文化的一角,并为十九世纪各西方人文学科著作提供了丰富素材。民俗研究是法国早期汉学研究的重要方面,可惜由于语言隔阂和学术交流的欠缺,国人对该领域作品的译介和关注甚少。实际上,从17世纪末至20世纪初,法国耶稣会士以传教为目的而开展的中国民俗调查和研究,直接成为后来西方汉学界中国民俗研究的先声,并对中国现代民俗学的兴起发挥了奠基性作用。     

法国汉学界三部重要历史著作简介

法国汉学界三部重要历史著作简介楚天舒法国汉学研究有着很久的传统,并先后产生过一批杰出的汉学家如傅尔蒙、雷慕沙、儒莲等,对世界“中国学”研究影响甚巨。今天法国的汉学研究在著名汉学家谢和耐（ＪｅｃｑｕｅｓＧｅｒｎｅｔ）、魏丕信（Ｐｉｅｒｒｅ－Ｅｔｉｅｎｎ...     

为了法国与中国的文化因缘——译坛骁将耿昇

欧洲汉学自19世纪开始摆脱了教会的羁绊之后,便在高等学府和研究机构中形成了一门独立的学问．除设立汉学讲座、出版汉学杂志和一批学术专著外,还出现了不少权威性的学者,在法国,就有像雷慕沙、儒莲、沙畹等俨然是执欧洲汉学牛耳的人物,其后又有考狄、马伯乐、     

伦早期美国来华片款士的；又学研究

美国早期来华传教士开启了美国汉学研究的大门,对美国认识近代中国起了重要的桥梁作用。本文以早期美国来华传教士的汉学研究为中心,选取裨治文、卫三胃、丁韪良等几位具有代表性的传教士为主要介绍对象,分析总结美国早期来华传教士汉学研究的特点,突出传教士对早期美国汉学研究的重要性。     

论美国早期汉学研究

美国汉学兴起于19世纪中叶,起步虽晚,但发展迅速。早期美国汉学研究有两个显著的特征：一是以来华传教士为主体。裨治文、卫三畏是其中主要代表。他们精通中文,熟悉中国历史文化,汉学研究水平之高、程度之深、范围之广是前所未有的。二是注重中国现实特别是关注中国近代化问题的研究,从而开启了美国汉学注重现实的先河,使汉学研究摆脱了欧洲汉学古典规范的束缚。但早期美国汉学也存在着缺乏专职性和研究群体单一性的严重不足。     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.