The challenges facing the First Aliyah Sephardic Ottoman colonists

The case of the tiny Jewish colony of Har-Tuv, which was founded by Ottoman Jews who immigrated to Palestine in 1895 from Bulgaria, sheds light on Ottoman policies vis-à-vis settlement activity by Sephardic Jews in Palestine at a time when there were concerted efforts to limit the Jewish national activity there. The latter was mainly carried out by non-Ottoman Ashkenazi Jews who immigrated to Palestine from eastern Europe. As the only colony established during the First Aliyah by Sephardic Jews, and also due to its geographical isolation, Har-Tuv was detached from the processes taking place within the other Jewish colonies and the New Yishuv. At the same time, Har-Tuv’s founders had a long tradition of living under Ottoman rule and were on good terms with the local Ottoman authorities in Palestine. This was often useful when the colony had problems with its Arab neighbors, and on several occasions Har-Tuv even served as an intermediary between the Arab rural population and the government.     

工业文明,挥之不去的历史记忆 英国的工业遗产

近代大工业于18世纪最后30年在英国发端,漫长的工业化时代和繁荣的工业文明留下了丰富的历史遗迹。这些遗迹反映了科技发展和社会进步的沧桑历程,见证了工业文明对经济、社会发展和人类生产、生活方式的变迁产生的巨大影响。然而在新技术革命的冲击下,它们正在逐渐淡出人们的视野,这既是社会进步的标志之一,也意味着一种文明的衰落。     

The Industrial Heritage in Japan

Abstract

Although Japan had begun to learn Western technology from the mid-sixteenth century, it was immediately before the Meiji Restoration in 1868 that the imminent necessity of industrialization was realized by a few farsighted leaders of some feudal clans. Thereafter, her industrialization made rapid progress down to the time of World War II, when much industrial equipment was lost in the massive air-raids.

The loss of her pre-war plants was further aggravated by the extensive renewal of old-fashioned buildings and machines, carried out during the period of her economic growth in the 1960s. This paper attemps to describe how the surviving industrial monuments from several representative sections of industry are preserved either on site or in museums, and how their study has recently been taken up in Japan.     

世界文化遗产宏村——解析宏村空间形态发展结构因素

宏村村落形态充满了丰富的传统文化内涵,整个村落布局似“牛”形,反映出当时村民对牛的崇拜;民居的厅堂厢房以中轴线对称,其布局和功能体现了“长幼有序,男尊女卑”的等级思想;从栋宇鳞次、庭院相贯、雕饰如画的宅居,又可以看出一向克勤克俭的徽州商人正朝着商业资本转化,追求奢侈享乐的生活。总之,宏村的空间结构不只是满足人对物质的需要,更是满足人对精神的需求。     

世界遗产在欧洲

正有人说,欧洲是五彩的;也有人说,欧洲是纯色的,不关文化,只是那片土地,诚然如此。事实上,欧洲的生活既生动又深静,每一座城市在现代化中都保留着神奇瑰丽的宝贵遗产,在流光溢彩中变幻着独特的风情。↑哥伦布纪念塔位于西班牙巴塞罗那市,是为纪念西班牙开启航海霸权的探险家哥伦布而建的,顶上是哥伦布的雕像,他面朝美洲新大陆方向,昭示着大航海时代的峥     

“地域—文化”遗产调研的基本方向

文化遗产调查的内容和应当追问的问题对于遗产管理具有重要的意义,如对于文化遗产本身的景观分布范围、社会原生背景、使用和改用状况以及对于反映人地关系和遗产压力等方面因素进行的分析,都是对遗产进行评估和处理的依据来源,这些调查内容都应被视为对遗址进行管理的基本参数来源,也是对遗址进行规划的基础。我国目前的遗产实践中尚存在遗产调查上的缺陷,主要表现为遗产调查简单化和离散化,对于遗产调查的细化和整合是亟需解决的方法论问题,特别是对于遗产范围的认定、遗产与现代社会的关系以及遗产本身的背景和现实处境都缺乏具有针对性的调查手段。这些问题成为遗产保护和利用的较大的障碍,而解决的途径应当是改进遗产调查模式。     

陈寿的学术渊源

陈寿学术造诣颇高与其师承渊源有密切关系。他师从谯周 ,近承秦宓 ,远绍任安、杨厚 ,颇有渊源。在陈寿的学术生涯中 ,其同门师兄弟、同僚、乡贤均对他产生了巨大影响。陈寿的学术渊源正折射出当时的学术风貌。     

遗产旅游研究:从遗产地的旅游到遗产旅游

随着近年来遗产话题逐渐从边缘走向中心,遗产旅游研究日益受到关注.本文系统梳理了国内遗产旅游研究相关文献及国家自然科学基金、国家社会科学基金资助的遗产旅游相关研究的主题与内容发现,目前的遗产旅游相关研究更多是遗产地的旅游研究.在此基础上,通过进一步分析了遗产与遗产旅游的本质特征及其核心问题,结合当前国际学术界关于社会科学研究的本体论与认识论转向的背景,本文提出,遗产旅游的研究应围绕“什么是遗产”“谁的遗产”“怎样阐释”3个核心问题展开,并对相关的研究问题进行了讨论.     

Editorial: The Nordic World Heritage Foundation

Abstract

This article identifies the current state of knowledge in the literature regarding the possible impacts of future climatic change on archaeological sites and ensembles. Drawing on the literature review a matrix of potential impacts is collated to provide a simplified overview. This theoretical ‘menu’ is then tested by applying it to a vulnerability assessment of the World Heritage site of Skellig Michael in Ireland. The case study results reveal some knowledge gaps, particularly in regard to the impacts of climate change on buried archaeological remains.     

解读“施教”类遗产

在中国的“全国重点文物保护单位”中有一种发挥着独特作用的遗产,从其诞生之初起就承担着传播知识、完善人格、服务社会的功能,即“施教场所”,包括书院教育类、大学教育类、革命教育类三种;这些遗产所发挥的作用不仅仅是物质的,更在非物质层面具有深远意义,它们不仅呈现着中国教育脉络、体现着中国教育精神,而且极大丰富了当代文化建设、助推了当代文化旅游发展,因此需要倍加珍惜与审慎利用.     

Heritage Void and the Void as Heritage

This paper is an analysis of practices in the heritage field that I call heritagization, de-heritagization and re-heritagization. I use the case of the destruction of the Buddha statues in the Bamiyan valley of Afghanistan to analyze these processes in a Lacanian theoretical framework. In the course of my argument, I provide elements of the history of destruction of the two statues, as well as of attempts to reconstruct them. Different kinds of discourses that accompanied these processes form another part of my contribution. Finally, I discuss the ‘problem’ of the heritage voids by emphasizing emerging collective desires to replenish them.     

Heritage diplomacy

This paper explores the concept of heritage diplomacy. To date much of the analysis regarding the politics of heritage has focused on contestation, dissonance and conflict. Heritage diplomacy seeks to address this imbalance by critically examining themes such as cooperation, cultural aid and hard power, and the ascendency of intergovernmental and non-governmental actors as mediators of the dance between nationalism and internationalism. The paper situates heritage diplomacy within broader histories of international governance and diplomacy itself. These are offered to interpret the interplay between the shifting forces and structures, which, together, have shaped the production, governance and international mobilisation of heritage in the modern era. A distinction between heritage as diplomacy and in diplomacy is outlined in order to reframe some of the ways in which heritage has acted as a constituent of cultural nationalisms, international relations and globalisation. In mapping out directions for further enquiry, I argue the complexities of the international ordering of heritage governance have yet to be teased out. A framework of heritage diplomacy is thus offered in the hope that it can do some important analytical work in the field of critical heritage theory, opening up some important but under theorised aspects of heritage analysis.     

The Untold Heritage Value and Significance of Replicas

This article focuses on the fraught questions surrounding replicas and their use in heritage contexts, drawing on an in-depth qualitative study of a historic replica, the 1970 concrete St John’s Cross, Iona. We examine how replicas ‘work’ and unravel the part that social relations, place, and materiality play in the production and negotiation of their authenticity. The research shows that replicas are important objects in their own right, acquiring value, authenticity, and aura. The ‘life’ of a replica generates networks of relationships between people, places, and things, including the original historic object. While the underlying human stories of creativity, skill, and craftsmanship are rendered invisible when replicas are treated as mere surrogates, we argue that these ‘life-stories’ should be incorporated into future conservation, management and interpretation. The article spells out practical advice and guidance for heritage professionals who find themselves dealing with replicas.     

蜀道文化遗产保护纪实

这是一段已尘封的历史,一处甚至被遗忘的文物故址,一个文物保护功德碑、警世牌与文物破坏耻辱柱并存的地方：而这儿最应该成为的,是一方开展和进行爱护文物现场教育的遗址公园。