Electioneering,the Third Reform Act,and Political Change in the 1880s*

This article investigates the impact of the 1883–5 electoral reforms on the political culture of elections and electioneering in the constituencies, using the borough of Ipswich as its focus. It argues that historians have underestimated the extent to which the Franchise and Redistribution Acts of 1884–5 transformed political cultures outside the countryside and large cities, and that the Corrupt Practices Act of 1883 had a major impact on the modernisation of party organisation. Principally, however, it challenges the prevailing historical consensus that the basis of post‐reform constituency politics remained, to a large extent, local in nature, by suggesting that electioneering cultures were placed under considerable ‘nationalising’ influences from the early 1880s on. Rather than resisting these influences, the established Ipswich parties largely embraced them. Moreover, a general decline in corruption, and a general increase in the number of speeches reported in local newspapers from ‘carpetbagger’ candidates and national leaders, created a climate in which it was now more difficult for any constituency, however idiosyncratic, to insulate itself from ‘national’ politics.     

The Land of Morgan

A number of injuries were observed in a recent examination of 150 Thames ‘river skulls’. Eight of these, exhibiting both healed and unhealed blunt force trauma, were sampled for AMS ¹⁴C dating. The results span the Middle Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age/Romano-British period, with the majority falling within the Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age. Given the potential time-span involved, this clustering is striking—particularly as it is consistent with the results of other dating programmes on Thames crania—and appears to confirm the likelihood of an association between human remains and weaponry entering the Thames over this period. In this regard, it is intriguing that the majority of the injuries are the result of blows with a blunt instrument, raising questions over the nature of conflict at this time. Other crania do show sharp force injuries, but have yet to be systematically dated. We discuss these results in the broader context of recent discoveries of human remains and weapons associated with watery places in later prehistory across northern Europe, reinforcing the idea that both are best seen within a context of ritual deposition, though the details vary across time and space.     

Family Burial,Family Structure,and The Urbanization of Herodian Jerusalem

Abstract

Epigraphic, archaeological, and historical data indicate that most of the population in Herodian Jerusalem was buried in family caves. In several cases, however, Diaspora Jews and proselytes were buried together, replacing the family by an alternative reference group of other immigrants or proselytes. Furthermore, the Qumran sectarians, and perhaps also some early Christians and pharisaic haverim, chose to withdraw from their families and to be buried in the sphere of the sect. This distinctive burial practice results from the ideological tension between the sect and the family (of the sectarian member).

Analysis of the number of niches in 306 burial caves (presumably familial caves) in light of the skeletal remains from some of these caves leads to a tentative reconstruction of the family structure in Herodian Jerusalem. Most prevalent were the nuclear and the small extended families, whereas hamulas were distinctively rare. It seems that the average family became smaller during the Herodian period. It is suggested that this process was due to the urbanization of Jerusalem, and that the change in family structure accelerated the growth of individualism in Jerusalem society.     

契丹覆面、毁器、焚物葬俗小议

覆面葬俗与毁器葬俗、焚物葬俗是契丹族葬俗的三种文化形态,表现为对与人世间相对应的文化不完整性、个人物品通过焚烧转到死亡和终结生命、隔绝生死界限的复杂而神秘的文化内涵,这三种葬俗应用整体观察方可认识契丹族的生死观念.     

试谈北方民族的丧葬类型

生活在不同历史时期的北方各民族 ,其丧葬形式极具特色。这也是不同社会发展阶段、不同生活环境与生产方式的反映 ,从中体现了一个民族的信仰与习惯。同时 ,由于各民族间的相互影响 ,在丧俗上也有一定的共性。     

The doubling of the self in the private diaries of Ion Dragoumis,George Seferis and George Theotokas

Abstract

The 'doubling of the self' is a phenomenon that appears in entries of private diaries and consists in the division of the diarist's self into two: the self that acts and the self that observes and writes. This phenomenon can be found in Dragoumis' ?υλλα ημ?ρολογιου, Seferis' M?ρ?ζ and Theotokas' T?τραδια ημ?ρολογιου. There are entries where the doubling of the self occurs in practice and entries where it is described, discussed or analysed. All these reveal the three Greek diarists' contradictory feelings about the doubling of the self, but also the latter's significance for the private diary.     

成都市新津县大云山东汉崖墓的清理

2005年成都文物考古研究所与新津县文物管理所联合发掘了新津县大云山崖墓群中的一座东汉崖墓。该墓为长方形平顶单室墓,共有9个侧室,残存16具陶棺,出土了少量陶器、青铜器、铁器和石器。该墓是迄今为止四川崖墓中发现的葬具最多、使用时间最长的墓葬。     

Burial practices,material remains,and the anthropological record

Chapman, Robert, Ian Kinnes, and Klavs Randsborg, eds. The Archaeology of Death. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. vii + 159 pp. including preface, unified bibliogaphy, and index. $29.95 cloth.

Humphreys, S.C., and Helen King, eds. Mortality and Immortality: The Anthropology and Archaeology of Death. New York: Academic Press, 1981. x + 346 pp. including preface, separate chapter bibliographies, personal name index, and subject index. $34.50 cloth.     

陕西咸阳岩村墓地M41发掘简报

岩村墓地位于陕西省咸阳市渭城区底张镇,2017—2018年发掘的49座墓葬中,M41为竖穴墓道双洞室结构,同穴合葬形式,出土有铜鼎、铜壶、陶罐、漆卮、铜镜等。其中随葬铜壶封口处残留有条状植物捆扎的织物,内残存有液体。经检测铜壶口部覆盖物为麻织物,捆扎物初步推断为植物纤维。残留的液体经检测为粮食酿造的酒即"醴"。在墓葬内洞室相通处遗留有动物残骸,这反映了秦人葬礼中的祭献习俗。根据墓葬形制和随葬器物判断岩村M41的时代为战国晚期晚段至秦代初期。     

The sporting world and the human heart: Ireland, 1880–1930

ABSTRACT

In the years between 1880 and 1920, tens of thousands of Irishmen and women played sport in Ireland. Some lived to play, others dabbled as they desired; some devoted their lives to one sport, others sought to participate in as many sports as they could. This article examines what motivated people to join the expanding world of clubs and associations, of matches and races. It assesses why they joined the particular clubs and associations that they joined, or played the particular games that they played. Further, the article explores how such choices were defined (or refined) by such factors as the influence of ideology and tradition, class and gender, commerce and geography, education and employment. Ultimately, it considers the extent to which the sporting choices of people were shaped by the straightforward pursuit of pleasure.