明代金银酒器图说

明代金银器皿以筵席用器为主。皇室用器之一般,可见礼书所举“供用器皿”中的金银器。如金器一项中的“壶瓶一对,酒注一对,盂子一对”,“盘盏二副”,“托里胡桃木碗四个”、“托里胡桃木锺子一对”;“茶匙一双”、“匙一双”、“箸二双”。又银器一项中的“壶瓶二把,果合一对,汁瓶二把,茶瓶一对,汤鼓四个,按酒揲一十二个,果碟一十二个,菜碟一十二个”。     

山东大汶口文化酒器初探

中国有悠久的酿酒传统,近年来利用科技手段进行陶器残留物分析,使我们能够获得史前时期酿酒技术的直接考古学证据。本文对山东王因和西夏侯遗址出土的4件大汶口文化时期的陶器进行微植物和微生物分析,初步揭示了海岱地区在距今6200～4600年的酿酒传统。即,利用麹、根霉和/或毛霉制麹,以粟黍、小麦族、葛根、栝楼根和百合为主要原料而酿造麹酒。制作精致的磨光黑陶高柄杯是饮酒器,红陶杯和灰陶瓶也与酒有关。海岱地区和中原地区在新石器时期使用不同的酒器,但利用多种植物酿造麹酒是共有的酿酒方法。     

试论殷商时期的鸟兽形青铜酒器

青铜酒器是我国商周青铜器中的重要一类,它的出现可追溯至夏代晚期,在河南省偃师二里头文化遗址中已发现有爵、等酒器。商王朝建立后,随着青铜铸造技术的发展,青铜酒器的种类大大增加,出了现觚、、尊、觥、卣、瓿、觯、方彝等新的器类。商代后期,在尊、觥、卣这三类酒器中,除常见的圆形或方形的造型外,又出现了一种模拟鸟兽等动物形象的新形制。     

元朝重臣张珪与保定出土元代宫廷酒器

在目前所见元代瓷器中,1964年保定出土元代窖藏最为精美,包括卵白釉、钴蓝戗金和青花三种。我们最近发现,这批元代高档瓷器可能是元仁宗赐予三朝元老张珪的宫廷酒器,赏赐时间分别为皇庆元年(1312)和延祐六年(1319)。这个发现说明元青花源于元朝皇家艺术,蒙古统治者将蒙古和色目文化与汉地制瓷技术相结合,主导了元青花的创烧。元朝御窑厂浮梁磁局停烧之后,汉地工匠才主导元青花艺术的创作,明清时期这门艺术逐渐融入汉文化。     

宋元金银酒器中的盘盏散盏与屈卮

台盏、盘盏、散盏、屈卮,是宋元金银酒器中饮器的几种基本样式。 所谓“台盏”,原是酒盏与酒台子的合称,它是酒器中的一种固定组合,通常二者纹样一致。酒台子便是承托酒盏之盘,不过盘心高高凸起成一圆台,以是得名。     

说酒·绿酒

在我国古代诗中,提到酒,特别是质量上乘的好酒,或称赞美酒时,常称作“绿酒”,“绿蚁”等等,并由此衍生出“灯红酒绿”这样的成语,本从古代酿酒工艺等方面探讨了酒在一般情况下都不是绿颜色,称它为绿色,只是强调酒液清澈。     

蜀酒与全兴酒文化

为了展示蜀酒悠久的历史,宣传企业化,四川全兴企业集团和四川省博物馆合作举办了《四川全兴酒化展览》。该展览共展出500多件酒物,从物的角度,充分展示了四川酒化的渊源和全兴酒的悠久历史,记录了全兴酒的辉煌历程。另一方面该展览也是企业与化合作的典范。本拟从展览的角度,将全兴酒的历史作简要介绍。     

Changes in the Geography of Wine New Wine in New Bottles

Abstract

The wine industry is experiencing considerable change, with improvements in quality, the emergence of new geographical areas producing distinctive and prestigious wines, and particularly the increasing significance of large scale organisations in production and distribution. Scientific, technological and commercial factors have been crucial to these developments.     

Tibet Institute for Nationalities:First in Tibet

Article 9 of the Agreement of theCentral Government and the LocalGovernment of Tibet on the PeacefulLiberation of Tibat, signed on May23, 1951, stipulates: "The spokenand written language and schooleducation of the Tibetan ethnicgroup shall be developed step bystep in accordance with the actualconditions in Tibet."In accordance with the Agreement,Mao Zedong, founder of the People's Republic of China, instructedthe Central People's Governmentto work hard to develop school education in T…     

Jails in Tibet

There are three jails in the Tibet Autonomous Region, with 2,300 inmates, including those serving lifesentences or awaiting execution. They account for 0.9 per 1,000 of the Tibetan population.The three jails are the Tibet Autonomous Regional Prison, the Lhasa Prison and the Borne Prison. Of the three, the TAR Prison is the largest and the only one exclusively for female inmates.Of the inmates, 76 percent are of the Tibetan ethnic group, 20 percent from the Han ethnic group, and remaining four percent from     

On Medieval Earthenware Vessels

Abstract

Anglo-Saxon architecture was first securely identified in the early 19th century, after which its characteristics were progressively defined and discussed. At the beginning of the 20th century, Gerard Baldwin Brown assembled a corpus of the surviving structures, analysing their architectural styles and attempting to date them; this process was continued and refined by Harold Taylor, culminating in his three-volume opus (1965–78). Since then, many new discoveries have been made and detailed studies of individual buildings carried out, together with major excavations at Winchester, Wells, Gloucester, Jarrow, Wearmouth, Barton-upon-Humber and other locations. Research has also been directed towards the remains of painted decoration on stone and plaster, and on the small amount of carpentry surviving from the period. Consequently, the volume of evidence relating to Anglo-Saxon churches, their construction and decoration has increased enormously. In particular, there has been a growing realisation that these churches were not the ‘rude structures’ that they were dubbed by early antiquaries, but sophisticated in design and execution. Moreover, they were highly decorated internally, and probably externally too. This paper reviews some of the evidence gathered over the last forty years, mainly through archaeological investigation, both above and below ground. It concludes that we have hitherto underestimated the physical complexity and the architectonic and artistic qualities of Anglo-Saxon churches. It is now possible to reconstruct from ephemeral evidence a much greater understanding of the three-dimensional form and decoration of these buildings.     

Tourism in Tibet

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商墓中的毁器习俗与明器化现象

<正>用打碎了的陶、铜、玉器随葬,或者用非实用性的明器随葬,是商文化墓葬中常见的现象。前者流行于二里岗文化时期,后者则以殷墟文化时期为盛。这两种看似不相关的习俗之间,却有着内在的联系。它们在商代中期的此消彼长,反映了商代丧葬观念的变化。本文拟对此进行简单探讨。     

Airports in Tibet

Tibet was regarded as ＂Forbidden Zone＂ as far as aviation was concemed due to its high altiude and its towering mountain ranges. How was thes ＂taboo＂ broken？ As for an airport on the Tibetan Plateau, how was it constructed？     

扎根西藏发掘原生态人文精神

作为西藏对外展示新形象的文化窗口,西藏美术馆的建立对促进各民族交往交流交融、提升城市品质品位、营造文化氛围都有着十分重要的意义。有了美术馆,人们大概最关心的就是美术馆的展品、展陈事宜。策展人、画家罗伯特·斯托尔曾说:被艺术感动就是被带离熟悉的环境,跳出自我而灵魂出窍,好的作品会让人回首旅程的起点还有留在身后的那个有限的自我。     

Plants in Tibet

ForeignbotanistspredictedalmostahundredyearsagothatthereweretheChangtangPlateau.TheybasedthisonsurveysinTibet.Surveyssincel95o,however,showadifferentworld.DIVERSIFIEDSPECIES.AccordingtoRecordsonPlantsinnbetpublishedinl987,therewere5,766sPeciesofplantsinTi…     

Rivers in Tibet

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藏地食客

在西藏．我爱上了一切．当然也包括藏地的饮食。西藏的饮食．以藏区特产农作物、砖茶、牛羊为主,调味主要来源于盐、糖、藏葱、野蒜、姜等。受到四川菜的大量影响．辣椒也是常用的调味品．同时又因为与尼泊尔和印度比邻,便也有使用咖喱、胡椒的传统。     

茂地僧人

认识杨延康二十年有余。他的摄影之路曲折、艰辛,但坚韧。一个成功的人往往都很偏执,杨延康的偏执地在藏区。“每个人来到人世间是注定要与一些人和事结缘的”,杨延康这么说过,他这辈子可能终身与摄影、与宗教、与藏民族结缘了。“影踪”栏目是一个影像的“博物馆”,有幸请来杨延康用摄影为我们讲述一段他心底里的藏地故事,实乃不易。我认同他对摄影的理解：“真正的摄影是平静的,平淡的。平淡的不平静才更让人感动,好的片子是看不到摄影师的,他们会隐蔽在相机后面。”     

Permafrost in Tibet

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