1954-2009I.D.往事

已经过了55年,这份讣告也算得上如期而至。已有55年历史的老牌创意媒体《I.D.》(国际设计杂志)将于本月停刊,原主编拉尔夫·卡普兰(Ralph     

1954Z2009I.D.往事

“已经过了55年．这份讣告也算得上如期而至。” 已有55年历史的老牌创意媒体《I．D．》（国际设计杂志）将于本月停刊,原主编托尔夫·卡普兰（Ralph Caplan）为美同平面设计协会（AIGA）写下回顾文章。开篇言词充溢着伤感。     

Dr.E.Steinkellner As I Know Him

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Monitoring Schumann resonances—I. Methodology

The complex demodulation as a spectral technique has been used for the quasi-continuous determination of the actual frequencies of Schumann resonances. Applying this method, the first three modes of the vertical electric component have been measured regularly in the Nagycenk Observatory (47.6°N, 16.7°E) since May 1993.     

‘R.I.P. Nature Island’: the threat of a proposed oil refinery on Dominica's identity

Dominica is a small island nation in the eastern Caribbean Sea that has long struggled with issues of poverty and development. To improve these conditions, the government formed a preliminary agreement with Venezuela to build a multimillion dollar oil refinery on the island. Some discussion about this proposal took place in local forums, such as radio talk shows, but additional discussion took place online. Internet-based media, including online reproductions of traditional media and new types of media such as interactive discussion forums and weblogs, were used not only to continue the discussion but also to raise awareness among a wider audience. The framework for appealing to such a disparate set of interests both locally and abroad was already in place: the island's ‘nature island’ identity. The project was perceived as a threat to quality and aesthetic appearance of the nature island as well as a threat to the concept of Dominica as the ‘nature island’. This paper examines the role of Dominica's identity at the heart of this perceived threat in the construction of environmental discourses through internet-based media, such as online newspapers with associated discussion forums and blogs.     

Introduction to ionospheric heating at Tromsø—I. Experimental overview

The HF ionospheric modification (heating) facility at Ramfjordmoen will become a part of the EISCAT association from January 1993. This paper, which is intended for the new user, describes the technical capabilities of the facility and the broad range of geophysical and plasma physical experiments which are possible. An overview is presented of the physical effects that a powerful HF electromagnetic wave incident on the ionosphere can produce on timescales ranging from tens of microseconds to minutes in height regions ranging from 50 to hundreds of km. Emphasis is placed on the practical implementation of ionospheric heating experiments using the EISCAT incoherent scatter radars as the main diagnostic, but other diagnostic techniques using ground-based radars, radio links, radio receivers, photometers, rocket and satellite instrumentation are also described. A companion paper presents in greater depth some of the current scientific issues being addressed in ionospheric modification research.     

A numerical model of the ionospheric dynamo—I. Formulation and numerical technique

A new method of numerically solving a suitably formulated ionospheric wind dynamo equation for electrostatic potential and field is developed. Unlike in many other dynamo models, the upper boundary does not exist and the formulation asymptotically approaches the equatorial boundary condition. Therefore, it naturally incorporates the symmetric, asymmetric E- and F-region dynamo actions in any given ionosphere and any given global or local wind field. It also enables the equation to be posed as an initial value problem and solved numerically using an efficient, accurate, stable and fast integration method of ordinary differential equations. The numerical technique can be extended to compute three dimensional dynamo-generated electric currents in the ionosphere.     

Meteorological effects in the variations of ionospheric parameters—I. The lower thermosphere

The influence of the troposphere and stratosphere on variations of ionospheric D-region parameters are discussed. It is found that variations of the minimum observable ionosonde frequency (f_min) and horizontal winds are closely related to temperature and pressure fields in the lower atmosphere. Experimental data for the Central Asian and East Siberian U.S.S.R. regions have been used.