民族主义抑或生存策略:20世纪30年代东南亚华侨的认同——以1930年《南洋杂志》创刊为例的分析

论文以新加坡《南洋杂志》的创刊号为研究对象,通过考察其创刊的缘起与目的、创刊号的内容及创刊号的作者,试图站在华侨的立场上分析华侨民族主义的实质,揭示20世纪30年代东南亚地区华侨如何借用民族主义认同话语来凝聚力量与整合资源,从而达到在地谋求生存和发展的目的.《南洋杂志》的创刊缘起与目的、创刊号的主要内容及创刊号的作者无不透视出南洋华侨借助中华民族的观念跨国建构华侨统一意识的思想.这既体现了东南亚华侨民族主义加强的历程,也在某种意义上凸显了华侨把民族主义认同作为策略,寻求生存和发展之道.     

美国华侨对保皇会的支持与贡献

戊戌政变后,康梁等保皇领袖曾在全世界华侨社会中建立了庞大的保皇组织,美国华侨社会成为海外保皇势力的中心。美国华侨在组织上和财力上对保皇派做出了重大贡献,保皇党人在开启华侨民智,推动华侨对祖国的关注和认同,进而促进华侨爱国主义思想和民族主义的产生和发展方面发挥了巨大作用。保皇派的活动对华侨政治认同有积极的影响。     

一战后东南亚华侨的修约斗争

一战后,在席卷世界的民族主义浪潮冲击下,越南、暹罗以及荷属东印度地区华侨呼吁中国政府利用出席巴黎和会的机会,与侨居地政府修约、废约或缔约建交,实现对东南亚华侨的外交保护,维护华侨在当地的合法权益。本通过对上述历史的回顾,把当前学界对近代中国修约运动研究的视野延展到海外华侨身上,拓宽修约运动的研究内容,同时试图站在华侨的角度,思索华侨修约的真正目的,努力做到全面客观地把握华侨与中国双向互动的交往历史,深刻反思近代中国政府在与东南亚地区交往方面的得失。     

美国华人认同的历史演变

一百多年来,美国华人认同大致经历了四个发展阶段。早期美国华侨受到美国政府的排斥和中国政府的敌视,其认同主要指向侨乡;20世纪前期,由于中国政治局势的影响以及中国政府积极侨务政策的实施,美国华侨民族主义开始兴起并不断高涨;"二战"期间美国废除排华法并在此后颁布宽松的移民政策,50年代中国放弃双重国籍政策并鼓励华侨效忠当地,冷战时期中美两国的对抗,使这一时期美国华侨的认同多指向美国当地。1965年特别是中国改革开放以来,中关关系的缓和、两国积极移民政策的颁布和实施,美国华人社会结构的重大变化,使美国华人的跨国认同得到不断发展。     

英国华侨社团的历史演变与当代华人社会的转型

历史上英国华侨社团是维系当地华人社会的支柱。巴黎和会、华盛顿会议前后, 受列强出卖中国利益的冲击, 英国华侨在民族主义风潮的影响下掀起了组建社团的高潮。抗日战争中, 华侨社团也积极支持了祖国的抗日运动。二战后, 土生华人的成长及香港新界移民改变了旅英华人的构成, 传统宗亲会、同乡会得以复苏, 同时出现了专业性社团、跨国性社团联合及华人社区中心。在当今英国政府的多元文化政策下, 部分华人社团获得新的发展空间, 部分社团却随着第二代华人的本土化而面临着衰落。     

晚清新加坡华侨赈捐与华侨民族主义之酝酿

论文梳理了新加坡华侨赈捐活动三个不同阶段的特征,探讨了晚清华侨民族主义从无到有、从政治制度认同发展为超越乡土观念的民族意识这一历史脉络。在前两个阶段的赈捐活动中,主要是新加坡华侨与清政府之间的联系。而在1900年之后,新加坡华侨的赈捐活动则与中国的民间力量产生了更多的关联,新加坡的同济医院、新加坡中华商务总会等组织积极参与到赈捐活动中。面对来自祖国民间的求赈呼声,新加坡华侨自发联系、自行组织助赈活动,产生了超越乡土观念的社会意识,进而生发出对中华民族的认同,推动了晚清华侨民族主义的形成。     

孙中山与海外华侨民族主义

论文分析了19世纪末至20世纪初,孙中山政治动员的构建与华侨民族主义的互动关系,阐述了华侨民族主义的跨国互动之于中国社会政治的意义。认为没有孙中山等革命党人的不懈努力,就不可能有华侨的革命参与。孙中山政治动员的构建与华侨民族主义的发生和形成息息相关。孙中山一生所致力的跨国的政治实践,其意义在于促成了祖国政治的根本改变和进步;散居世界各地的华侨,在这种政治动员的推动下,实现了他们的本土回归运动和祖国改进计划的愿望。     

简析辛亥革命前革命派对南洋华侨的“反满”民族主义宣传——以《中兴日报》观点为例

以《中兴日报》观点为例,阐述了辛亥革命前革命派“反满”民族主义的主要内容;分析了“反满”民族主义的作用及影响;认为革命派对南洋华侨进行“反满”民族主义宣传,有效地激发了广大南洋华侨的爱国热情,推动了革命的发展,但其中包含的狭隘民族意识,是不足取的。     

声援、动员、维权——从1930年“萧信庵案”看华侨的民族主义诉求

论文概述了萧信庵被辱事件的经过以及印尼侨胞的声援,国内侨界对“萧案”的舆论宣传和推动国民政府外交交涉;分析了“萧案”背后的华侨民族主义诉求。1930年萧信庵被辱事件,因涉及华侨权益和国家尊严而备受关注。在这一事件中,侨界群体以领导者的身份积极推动案件进展,最终使之发展成为一场规模浩大的反帝爱国运动。在此期间,不论是“萧案”的舆论发酵,还是“反荷运动”的发起,或是赴京请愿的义举,都无不透露出华侨群体以民族主义为纽带,凝聚社会各界资源,敦促国民政府践行积极外交政策,从而为印尼华侨争取政治经济利益的目的。华侨群体对“萧案”的积极介入,体现出20世纪30年代华侨民族主义具有反帝爱国和就地图存的双重性质。     

华侨教育与20世纪初东南亚 华侨民族主义的产生

华侨教育与２０世纪初东南亚华侨民族主义的产生谢美华近代中国的新式教育是在救亡图存的自强运动和维新变法的浪潮中诞生的,从一开始就带有“教育救国”的明确动机。中国近代新式教育传到海外,与华侨民族主义的产生和发展互为因果。本文探讨东南亚新式华校教育的产生和...     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

以上海为例看晚清时期社会生活方式及观念的变迁

晚清时期,上海的商业化、城市化生活环境变化,引起了人们生活方式的变动,出现了如洋货流行、从商之风、尊卑失序、女子走上社会、追求享乐等新社会风尚,导致传统伦理衰坏,同时也孕育产生了近代市场意识、近代工商观念、社会平等观念、功利主义及肯定人欲、自由的近代伦理观念。反映出生活方式的变动是引起近代生活伦理观念变迁的中介和启动力量。     

20世纪90年代上海产业布局的发展变化

20世纪90年代,着眼于城市功能的重新定位,按照"三、二、一"产业发展新思路,上海的产业布局进行了重大的战略调整,逐步形成了中心城以三产为主、郊区以二产为主的大都市产业布局架构。在各类工业区建设的基础上,上海又突出发展形成了"东南西北"四大产业基地。由此,上海产业布局呈现出一个明显特征,就是第二产业立足于城市功能重塑、提高工业产业的竞争力,通过加强对重大产业项目的"政策聚焦",确立了空间发展的内环整合战略和"东西南北"发展战略,依托都市工业园区和城郊工业区,大大提高了产业聚集度。     

Changes in human bones boiled in seawater

The differences between boiled or unboiled bones are not often studied. However, they are crucial to understand postmortem rituals and to establish defleshing procedures and mortuary practices. In this work, human bones boiled in sea or fresh water are characterized. The bone composition, as well as the compounds present in the resulting materials, shows that salt alters the boiling process mechanism. Hence, from structural and morphological criteria, it is possible to distinguish if a bone has been boiled in salt or fresh water. In both sets of samples, the smoothness of the bone surface depends on boiling time, but only in bones boiled in seawater, filaments are observed apparently pouring out of the pores.Those differences which are mainly morphological (smoothness of the surface) are explained in terms of a collagen diffusional mechanism favored by sodium and chloride ions. For a boiling time of 6 h, the surface is covered by a thick layer or crusts of degraded collagen. Experiments with seawater may be used as model experiments to simulate taphonomical alterations in bones exposed to salt water.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Women in parliaments in the Pacific region

The island states of the Pacific region are at the bottom of the international league table for the representation of women in parliament. Despite considerable efforts by international agencies and donor governments and by women of the region, progress on increasing representation is extraordinarily slow. Three major explanations for these low levels of representation can be identified. The most common explanation relates to cultural beliefs, while a second account locates the problem in women's socio-economic status. The third explanation argues that there are obstacles for women in the electoral and parliamentary institutions that warrant the introduction of legislated minimum representation of women. Each of these explanations contributes value to our understanding but each also has significant deficiencies, which are identified in the article.

就议会的妇女代表性而论,太平洋地区的岛屿国家可谓国际圆桌会议的垫底。尽管有国际机构和捐助国以及该地区女性的坚持不懈,提高妇女代表性的进展格外缓慢。对于这种低水平的代表性可以有三种解释。最常见的解释与文化观念有关,第二种强调妇女的社会经济地位。第三种解释认为,选举以及议会体制中存在一些障碍,使得妇女的代表性在立法上被最小化。三种解释都有助于我们对问题的理解,但它们又都存在着本文所指出的重要缺陷。