Late Holocene human impact on the vegetation around Mizorogaike Pond in northern Kyoto Basin,Japan: a comparison of pollen and charcoal records with archaeological and historical data

Pollen and macroscopic charcoal analyses of AMS radiocarbon-dated sediment from Mizorogaike Pond, located near Japan’s ancient capital established in AD 794, were used along with archaeological and historical data to reconstruct vegetation change in the northern Kyoto Basin since 7300 cal yr B.P. Between ca. 7300 and 3400 cal yr B.P. (Early to Late Jomon period), the site was surrounded by warm-temperate forest composed of Quercus subgenus Lepidobalanus and Q. subgenus Cyclobalanopsis with Celtis/Aphananthe trees. With the occurrence of fire disturbance, Q. subgenus Lepidobalanus increased from ca. 3400 to 1400 cal yr B.P. (Late Jomon to Kofun periods). In the early seventh century (Asuka period), Pinus started to increase, coinciding with a significant charcoal peak, probably related to the operation of roof tile kilns near the site. Pinus continued to increase and Q. subgenus Cyclobalanopsis decreased through the seventh to tenth centuries (Asuka to Heian periods). Further increase of Pinus occurred in the eleventh century, possibly reflecting the establishment of the manor of Kamigamo Shrine. From the eleventh to seventeenth centuries (Heian to medieval periods), no significant vegetational change or fire disturbance took place. In the eighteenth century, the landscape became totally open, with poor vegetation and sparse Pinus woodland. The medieval and early modern landscapes reconstructed from the palaeoecological record are rather similar to those described from studies of ancient artwork and historical documents. This study demonstrates that late Holocene vegetation change in the northern Kyoto Basin was closely tied to anthropogenic activities, such as the pottery industry and fuel wood collection.     

滨田耕作和东洋考古学京都学派

滨田耕作是日本考古学京都学派的创始人,也是日本考古学的创始人。他一生多次来到中国东北地区,从事合法和非法的考古发掘活动。他把西方的考古学理论和研究方法引入了日本,也对我国近代考古学的建立和发展作出了重要贡献,特别关于对红山文化的考古学研究。但是,也需要看到他的考古行为和理论密切配合并为当时日本政府的侵华政策提供了学术论证。     

日本岐阜 古今交错的战国之城

<正>日本这个国家往往会让人觉得时光停留在了过去某一刻,古色古香的小镇和城市街道述说着日本自打产生幕府之后的每个历史时刻,仅仅是在某一处稍作停留,就能了解到许多民间传说和引人入胜的历史故事。日本历史上最出名的人若说出三个来,织田信长必定在其列,而岐阜就是他巅峰时代的"时间胶囊"。岐阜这座城市有着分明的现代区域,和古老的旅游区域,游客大都聚集在岐阜公园以及长良川旁边的"老街"河原町。这座并不算太     

中美日三角关系中的台湾问题与我国的对策研究

台湾问题是当前中美日三角关系中的一个重要议题,在很大程度上影响着中美日三角关系的发展。美日插手中国台湾问题,主要是出于两国战略利益和遏制中国的考虑。但事实上,这不利于中美日三角关系的健康发展,也有损于自己的利益。在中美日三角关系框架下,中国为解决台湾问题应采取的对策包括提高综合国力,发展中美、中日关系,坚持睦邻友好外交等。     

Militarism,Martial Arts,and Aesthetics in Japan

Stocking, George W., ed. Functionalism Historicized: Essays on British Social Anthropology. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984. 244 pp. including index. $19.95 cloth.     

京都考察记

日本的京都和奈良与中国有久远的友好交往,唐朝时期,日本派了众多的遣唐使到中国学习（据记载仅学僧就有一万多名）,回国后仿照当时中国的都城西京（长安）、东都（洛阳）在日本也建了平城京（京都）、平安京（奈良）。域池和宫殿的格局、形制都相同,连道路、市场、寺院的名称都照样抄袭,当然规模小多了,只有四分之一大小,但俨然是大唐风范。     

日本中国新移民人口迁移的特征分析——以名古屋个案为例

论文以名古屋个案研究为基础,通过对在住中国人的出生地、社会阶层、数量变化和职业结构等方面的实地考察,解析了近年来日本中国新移民的人口迁移主要因素、人口变化趋势、要因以及职业分布特征。论文认为就业机会、居住环境、地域国际化政策是中国新移民迁入名古屋的主要影响因素;中国的经济实力增强、中国独生子女政策、中日关系的波动和恶化,是中国人口增加率呈现迟缓趋势的主要因素;在日本"构建多文化共生社会"的新政策背景下,华侨华人社会迎来了崭新时代。新华侨适应主流社会的方式和形态与老华侨大不相同。     

Ohitorisama,Singlehood and Agency in Japan

Abstract:

Postwar Japanese society has experienced significant demographic shifts. Of particular note are trends in marriage delay, increased divorce, increased rates of lifelong singlehood and an increased proportion of life spent unmarried. In this context, singlehood is increasingly experienced by women, for at least some period in their adult lives. Nonetheless, while greater numbers of Japanese are living as singles for a greater portion of their lives, marriage and childbearing remain key markers of contemporary Japanese womanhood. Living outside marriage – as a single, divorced or widowed person – suggests divergence from the ideal, even if it is just an unavoidable temporary state. This paper explores singlehood as a contested space of ideals and practices, and presents the notion of ohitorisama as one model of contemporary female singlehood.