改革开放以来中国社会福利制度的嬗变

过去的30多年,有着鲜明计划经济烙印的社会福利制度随着经济转轨经历了从初始的起步探索,到后来逐渐转型和步入正轨的艰辛的改革历程。职工福利分解、社会福利社会化推进、社区服务普及、农村社会福利重构、适度普惠型福利探索等凝结为改革成果,初步形成了新型社会福利体系,但这些改革在社会福利的目标模式上是初级的、不全面的和不平衡的。面对变化的国情,处理好发展与公平的关系,构建适度普惠型社会福利制度,是中国社会福利的目标选择。     

关于伪满教育法规的几个问题

伪满时期,殖民当局颁布了大量教育法规。出于殖民统治的需要,伪满在博物馆的经营、教育经费的监管方面,投入甚多。伪满教育法规的最大缺陷是缺乏教育平等原则,日本人和中国人的教育被区别开。所谓＂殖民地教育现代化＂的论调纯属无稽之谈。     

民国南洋华侨文献出版热及“南洋”观辨析

论文以民国代表性华侨著述的序、跋为切入点,分析阐述了民国南洋华侨文献出版热的背景和民国南洋华侨文献的出版特征,进而对民国公众认知中的"南洋观"进行了辨析。认为经济因素是民国南洋华侨研究热和出版热的内趋动力,经济话语贯穿南洋华侨研究文献始终。在"南洋作为常识"的出版热中,大众"南洋观"逐渐形成并呈现出流变性,即从我族中心主义转为基于经济互惠前提的平等合作、共存共荣的全新视角。目前呈散点分布状态的民国南洋华侨研究专题文献,亟待整合建构,由此发掘在大中国民族主义整一性视域下被遮蔽的辨证的"南洋"认知,有利于从源头破解历史上南洋华人与土著、中国与东南亚在各自的民族主义强势话语影响下形成的刻板成见,深化"一带一路"沿线国家国别史及华侨(华人)史研究。     

近代大泽山老母信仰与地方社会的构建——以日照庵香会碑为中心

明清以来,碧霞元君信仰在华北地区广泛流行。据碑刻和地方志记载,至迟到康熙年间,大泽山上的日照庵成为碧霞元君行宫。碧霞元君在大泽山,被称为"老母",在清初到民国的250余年间,从名称、信仰辐射范围,乃至神灵格局,都经历了诸多流变。清初,大泽山碧霞行宫信仰辐射范围主要在平度、莱州以及昌邑三角地带;清末到民国年间,大泽山信仰的辐射范围增大,逐渐成为鲁东民间信仰的中心,并一定程度上分走泰山的香火。这个转变的过程,与平度、莱州、昌邑这个三角地带作为一个整体的区域社会的建构过程密不可分。     

浅析中国“法”的历史起源

法的产生是随着生产力的发展而出现的,在国家出现以前,人类是依靠原始的氏族习惯来维持氏族秩序的,生产力的发展使得国家出现,氏族习惯也逐渐演变成为习惯法,随着文明程度的提高,而渐变为成文法,夏朝的建立及夏朝法律的颁行则使得中国的"法"正式诞生。     

论三代选官制度与血缘政治的衰落

选官制度是中国古代政治制度的重要组成部分。纵观中国古代政治发展,可见血缘性不断减弱而地缘性不断加强的特点。中国古代政治制度中的血缘性来自于古老的氏族时期。三代历史上承氏族世代,下启秦以后大一统专制王朝,在我国制度史上处于非常重要的地位。三代政治制度中血缘性非常强,与其相适应的选官制度所参考的原则亦以血缘原则为基本标准。春秋以后,随着社会生产等方面出现新的历史因素,血缘政治逐渐衰落,以血缘原则为标准的选官制度也逐渐瓦解。本文尝试在梳理这一衰落过程的同时,探讨选官制度与血缘性政治衰落的关系。     

《中国边疆史地研究》2008年总目录

纪念改革开放30周年专稿改革开放30年来中国边疆史地研究学科的繁荣与发展———兼述中国边疆史地研究的第三次研究高潮厉声(4.1)边政研究东汉治羌政策之检讨王伟(1.28)论朱元璋治滇的意义陈碧芬(1.37)民国新疆地方政府对游牧民族的统治政策娜拉(1.48)建国初期统一内蒙古行政区     

伪满洲国时期的征兵宣传——以《滨江日报》为中心

日本侵占东北后,建立了伪满洲国傀儡政权。为了达到永久占领东北的目的,巩固殖民地位,日伪当局实施征兵制度并大肆宣传。为此,日本侵略者通过伪满进行了一系列征兵宣传手段:利用各军管区和伪地方政府宣传;开展所谓"精神教育"打破"好人不当兵"的思想;,控制东北人民心里、精神达到同化的目的。     

试论清末民初监察制度的变革及其影响

1840年鸦片战争以后我国逐渐的进入半殖民地半封建社会,社会的各个层面包括政治经济人的思想等发生了深刻的变化,由于在和西方的战争中的失败以及"新学"等舆论的压力清政府开始局部小范围的变革自己的政治制度其中监察制度是重要的一个方面,它开启了中国监察制度近代化的进程,民国初期按照资产阶级的民主思想确立的监察制度在中国历史上是第一个在民主制度下的产生的因而具有重要的意义和历史作用。     

琐谈谱牒与史志

中国谱牒文化起源很早。人类进入氏族社会后．就逐渐形成了先以母系后以父系为中心的比较稳定的人类群体。而伴随着氏族、家族的建立与发展,也就逐步产生记载本氏族、家族渊源和世系的表册名籍．这就是最早的谱牒文化。当氏族社会解体后．随着国家的产生及王位封爵世袭制度的确定．封建宗法的士族门阀及血缘观念也愈益强烈．     

论20世纪初英国现代社会保障制度的初步确立

20世纪初英国逐步建立了现代社会保障制度.贫困和失业等社会问题的严重化和济贫法制度的失效是这一制度建立的根本原因;来自工人阶级的政治压力是其建立的一个重要原因;费边社会主义、集体主义和新自由主义为这一制度的建立提供了理论基础;德国保险型社会保障制度的建立起了先导作用.英国政府通过一系列的社会立法逐步形成了涉及到养老、失业、医疗、儿童等方面比较完善的福利体系,标志着英国现代社会保障制度的初步确立.它是英国社会保障制度史上一次根本性的转折.     

和平解放西藏与中央治藏政策的理论和实践

本文通过考察中央和平解放西藏决策的实施,探讨了中央通过把握国际关系的发展大势、了解西藏地方社会政治的本质,以及藏民族的风俗文化特征来确定处理西藏事务基本原则的过程及内容,分析了治藏政策和措施的丰富内涵,以及治藏政策理论渊源和创新特点。     

Welfare and the Discriminating Public: Evaluating Entitlement Attitudes in Post-Communist Europe

Although post-communist Europe retains elements of its socialist past, public opinion shows discernment in its welfare preferences. This analysis of post-communist social welfare attitudes finds that post-communist societies are selective in their support for social policies. First, welfare preferences center on two underlying realms: government responsibility and government spending; and second, welfare opinions and beliefs are not uniform across several social policies. Although many of the conclusions highlight the selective nature of these preferences, the example of the support for unemployment benefits points to how the transition from communist-era welfare states to capitalist-led assistance continues to influence public opinion in these countries.     

Whither the Developmental State in South Korea? Balancing Welfare and Neoliberalism

Abstract

Scholars of political economy have been debating the role of the Korean state in the economic development of the country, as the characteristics of a developmental state, a neoliberal state and/or a welfare state have appeared simultaneously in the various governments’ policies since the 1990s. This paper argues that although the nature, degree and extent of government intervention has varied from administration to administration, the basic stance of a developmental state has been retained while neoliberal and welfare policies have been used concurrently to further economic and social development. This coexistence of contradictory approaches reflecting alternative market economic systems was the product of a combination of government policies that has for the past 20 years provided the Korean government with the ability to deploy flexible policy mixes in response to changes in the political and economic environment and to maximise the outcomes of developmental policies.     

试论魏玛"福利国家"的早期实践(1918-1920)

一战结束后,德国社会遭遇了政治、经济与社会的多重危机,政府权力亟待合法性认同,社会期稳定。魏玛政府力图把福利国家作为控制与解决危机的一种手段。1918-1920年间,魏玛的福利国家建设曾规范劳动市场、协调劳资关系、改革保险和救济政策、解决住房问题以及调整经济运作模式等方面掀起高潮从短时段看,这些实践活动确立了基本的福利国家原则,维护了政府权威,初步解决了战后德国的社会危机然而从长时段看,这一时期的福利实践存在许多问题,埋下了日后经济危机、社会危机乃至民主危机的隐患。     

从《部门报告》看战前港英政府的社会福利事业

1909至1939年港英政府的《部门报告》是一份久为人所忽视的档案。该报告显示香港政府在社会福利事业上曾用力不少。与西方相比,其策划规模与客观成就并不落后。     

The Italian welfare state after the financial crisis

The essential characteristics of the Italian welfare state as it developed after the Second World War generated social cleavages and inequities that affected the Italian economy and provided grist for future reforms. At the same time, the welfare state provided political actors with incentives and resources that constrained attempts at reform. With the financial crisis beginning in 2008, serious reform was no longer optional. But austerity politics have generated pressures for changes to the welfare state which are unlikely to moderate most of the underlying inequities generated by the post-war system. Going forward, Italian policymakers must chart a path that is informed by efforts to overcome the pathologies of the past without further undermining the social and economic health of the country.     

建国初期城市居民委员会研究

建国初期城市居民委员会对保甲组织的取代及其对社会的整合作用 ,是马列主义国家学说和民主自治思想在中国城市基层社会组织建设中的具体运用和发展 ,表明我国基层社区控制的主体由传统社会中的士绅阶层和家族宗法组织逐步转化为现代社会中的平民阶层和民主自治组织 ,为实现从传统宗法社会向现代民主法制社会的转型奠定了基础     

Three accounts of the emergence of the remote jobs and communities program: changing timeframes and types of actors

Using frameworks for the analysis of policy devised by Colebatch and Bacchi, three accounts are developed of the emergence of an Australian government program for Indigenous employment and community participation in remote areas. Timeframes increase and types of actors change moving from an authoritative choice account to structured interaction and then problematisation. Individual agents in authoritative choice are replaced in structured interaction by government departments as distinctive organisational actors. In the problematisation account, concepts become the dominant actors, changing over longer timeframes. In remote Indigenous employment a change in problematisation is discerned in the 1970s, from inclusion in award wages and social security to concerns about welfare dependence. A later problematisation change reframes a 1970s program from employment to welfare.     

Reform and Resistance: A Consideration of Space,Scale and Strategy in Legal Challenges to Welfare Reform

This paper examines the law as a mechanism for resisting neoliberal policy change through a consideration of legal challenges to welfare reform in the United States. The Welfare Reform Act of 1996 marked a sea change in both the content and scale of the American social welfare system. It has entailed a downward shift in policy creation and administration from the national to the state and local level, and conveys a heavy emphasis on the “responsibility” of single mothers to engage in waged labor. In addition to changing the scale at which the social welfare system operates, welfare reform has changed how the more oppressive aspects of this policy might be resisted. While some legal advocates are challenging welfare reform by working within the “policy scale”, others are invoking national level protections by appealing to Civil Rights legislation. By working against the scale imposed by neoliberal social policy, Civil Rights legislation presents the possibility for advocates to “re‐scale responsibility” from that of single mothers to submit to wage labor in order to survive, to the government’s responsibility to protect its citizens against identity‐based discrimination. Herein, I argue both that the law can serve as an important mechanism for re‐focusing the scale of resistance in efforts to challenge oppressive social policy; and that even in the face of policy that imposes a local scale, the national level holds potential as an important terrain of resistance.