文化传播与文化变迁

为了解释文化因素的发展过程,本文首先回顾了19世纪以来文化演变和文化传播的研究历史,然后概括了贸易、迁徙和文化扩散作为文化传播的三种方式,并对其作了具体分析。而且对文化变迁的动力,作者也提出了见解。     

文化遗产 文化自觉 文化建设——追寻中国文化遗产事业的发展历程

文物古迹是过去文化的载体,文化既是不同人们共同体在特定时空中适应环境与社会的结晶,也是人类曾经的生存可能性的记录,因此,文化遗产是发展的智慧资源而非包袱。改革开放以来我们对文物与文化遗产及其价值的认识有一个不断拓展和提高的过程,经历了由古玩、文物到全民性的文化遗产自觉的演变。正确认识和处理不同文化及历史文化遗产,既是作为文明古国的中国发展过程中无法避开的选择,也是全球化、信息化时代古今中外文化大会面时代人类和谐共处、共同繁荣的前提性要求。     

从文化差异到文化自觉

任何一门学科都喜欢把自己这门学科的历史追溯到很久远的时代,西方的人类学当然也不例外。甚至有人乐于将其根源追溯到古希腊的时代,以为那个时代就有了人类学思想的萌芽。不过人类学作为一个专门的学科,并有了它自己专门的名字,却是在十九世纪后半个世纪才逐渐发展起来的。这个时期人类学所研究的问题既广     

Forum: Cultural Geography and Cultural Studies

This forum discusses linkages between cultural geography and allied ‘cultural’ disciplines. A symposium on this topic – held at the 2005 conference of the Institute of Australian Geographers in Armidale – was triggered by the targeted inclusion of geography in a cross‐disciplinary network funded by the Australian Research Council. Although non‐geographers in the network have articulated strong interest in and an enthusiasm for geography, their knowledge of, and everyday participation in its disciplinary travails have been limited. Given this, the papers in the forum review geography's long and dynamic consideration of the relations between place and culture, and raise a set of key issues for geographers to consider: how we might interact with other disciplinary debates about the ‘cultural’, retain distinctiveness as the home of intellectual inquiry around issues of space and place, and leverage opportunities to forge more permanent connections to geographers working not in our traditional institutional settings, but in a range of research centres, schools and disciplinary homes.     

中国当代的文化发展和文化体制改革

国史研究与地方志编纂关系密切。国史尤其是当代地方史研究成果值得地方志工作者高度重视。在开展国史研究和地方志编纂以及构建国史和地方志学科体系中,整合两支队伍资源,建立史志学术联盟,加强国史研究与地方志编纂两个领域的学术交流与合作意义重大。本刊从2011年第1期开始,增设地方志与国史研究栏目,并将陆续刊登相关文章,旨在促进地方志与国史研究领域的理论工作者相互关注,彼此借鉴,优势互补。     

Cultural Meanings and Cultural Structures in Historical Explanation

One way to recast the problem of cultural explanation in historical inquiry is to distinguish two conceptualizations involving culture: (1) cultural meanings as contents of signification (however theorized) that inform meaningful courses of action in historically unfolding circumstances; and (2) cultural structures as institutionalized patterns of social life that may be elaborated in more than one concrete construction of meaning. This distinction helps to suggest how explanation can operate in accounting for cultural processes of meaning-formation, as well as in other ways that transcend specific meanings, yet are nonetheless cultural. Examples of historical explanation involving each construct are offered, and their potential examined.     

行者

伫立普陀山,人们常会被一些充满灵性的故事牵绕、吸引……1200年前日本僧人惠锷从五台山请观音圣像回国,在普陀山海面遇阻无法航行,"观音不肯去"——于是这个动人的解释就在这片海面播扬……这位风尘仆仆的求法者,就此虔诚地把他的信仰安置在这碧海情天之间。由惠锷我们想到了晋朝的求法者——汉族僧人法显。他去印度取经时已经65岁,在"上无飞鸟,下无走兽"的茫茫沙漠间,迈着人类最勇敢的脚步。那悲壮的跋涉常常以白骨为路标。这位白发学者生命的强度,超越了帕     

文化生态学

朱利安·斯图尔特是美国文化生态学大家,对考古学和民族学都有开拓性的贡献,本文虽然不长,但较全面系统地阐释了他文化生态学的基本思想。文化生态学认为社会是对周围环境适应的产物,文化生态学的研究即考察社会对其环境的适应过程。但文化生态学并不等于传统意义上的"环境决定论",它还同时考虑除环境之外其它因素对社会的影响,而且它认为社会与环境之间是双向的互动关系,社会固然要适应环境,但也影响乃至改造环境。社会对环境的依赖或适应程度随文化(特别是技术)的发展而变化,发展程度越低的社会(如史前社会)越受到环境的制约,这表现在社会结构等方面,但同时,构成文化的各个变量受环境影响的程度并非同等而是有所区别。随着文化的发展,社会越来越脱离自然环境的束缚,资源利用远远超出自身所在的范围,经济形态趋于专业化,社会结构上也成为一个更大组织的一部分。还要特别注意到的是,斯图尔特对生态因素的考察不仅包括自然环境,还包括了人自身的生物性特征,认为这可能也是影响文化特别是社会结构的基本要素之一。斯图尔特的文化生态学思想对于新考古学有着巨大的影响,特别是他所强调的文化的功能适应方面,对于人类早期社会的解释有十分重要的意义。但是随着考古学的发展,人类文化发展所展现出的复杂性和丰富性,远远超出了文化生态学所能提供的解释。生态因素固然可以很好地解释技术经济和社会结构问题,但对文化中的意识观念领域则无能为力,这是它的局限性。     

文化的传承

<正>32月,踏遍华夏山山水水的唐代诗人杜甫、白居易向我们走来,而伟大的游僧玄奘却离我们远去。文化是一个民族的灵魂,文化的传承是一个民族延续的基础,文化的     

青海省的文化产业发展和文化软实力建设

随着世界多极化、经济全球化的深入发展和科学技术的日新月异,文化与经济、政治相互交融的程度不断加深,经济的文化含量日益提高,文化的经济功能越来越强,文化已经成为国家核心竞争力的主要因素。谁占据了文化发展的制高点,谁就拥有了强大的文化软     

Cultural Contact and Cultural Transfer in Medieval Western Eurasia

This essay deals with cultural contact, exchange, and transfer at the eastern margins of medieval Europe where interactions between different cultures of European and Asian origin have, over the centuries, shaped a unique cross- cultural zone. As the western part of a Eurasian highway for peoples from Central Asia since ancient times, whose western migration became a crucial factor for early state formation in Europe, this intersection resulted mainly from eastward Slavic migration and the Varangian expansion to southern lands that brought the Norman Rus’ into contact and conflict with the Byzantines and the emerging steppe empires of the Desht-i Qipchaq. Evidence is given to support the view that cultural exchange is a concept not precise enough to explain how cultural goods were adapted and integrated in this cross-cultural zone which I prefer to call Slavia Asiatica. A more complex approach to culture transfer is needed to explain acculturation processes in medieval times, comprising many cultural subsystems: language and writing, law and religion, knowledge, values and norms, practices and socio-political institutions.     

加强基层文化建设丰富群众文化生活

目前我国基层文化建设,特别是农村文化建设,总体上仍是个薄弱的环节,严重滞后于经济社会发展,尤其我国西部经济落后,人民生活相对困难,文化事业更为滞后,要想发展和繁荣农村经济,振兴西部,基层文化建设是一项重中之重的任务.     

城市文化资本与文化旅游发展研究

城市文化与旅游发展的关系需要从文化资本即文化因素不断积累和文化价值增值的角度进行考察。城市文化资本传承和累积受到文化资本的基础差异、获取能力和保障力度三个方面因素的影响,其综合作用的结果,决定了城市文化资本的质量及其势能强弱。文化资本质量高的城市,文化旅游无疑会有更好的发展。作为文化资本价值实现的一种具体形式,文化旅游同文化资本之间存在着一种双向选择互动关系。由于文化所具有的公共属性以及市场选择的某些消极作用,互动过程中就需要公共调节机制的介入,以保障城市文化资本和文化旅游发展的永续性动力。从文化资本的视角来看,可以从城市文化资本积累、文化的传承与创新关系、文化旅游系统化开发、城市旅游形象整体定位等方面考虑旅游目的地建设的措施。     

Abstract Cultural Landscapes

Fred B. Kniffen's career as an educator and scholar spanned more than 60 years (1929-1993). The Department of Geography and Anthropology at Louisiana State University, countless undergraduate and graduate students who had the good fortune to study under his thoughtful guidance, and American academic geography all bear an indelible imprint of Kniffen's eclectic interests, academic leadership, meticulous scholarship and innovative teaching. To generations of students, Kniffen was an exemplary role model and kindly "father figure." His students were encouraged to work in the field. As graduate advisor, he ensured that students were well versed in the history and philosophy of the discipline, as well as possessing a broad understanding of both physical geography and cultural anthropology. As an educator, perhaps his most lasting contribution was the work ethic and genuine love and enthusiasm for geography that he imparted to students.