基于SHAPLEY值法的短线旅游联合出团成本分担策略研究

旅行社联合出团成本如何分担是现实中较富争议的问题之一。本文首先阐述了目前旅行社广泛采用的短线旅游联合出团成本分担方法,将其总结为“坐庄-跟庄”模式。在分析了该模式的优势与不足之后,有针对性地提出了一种更为科学的改进方案——基于Shapley值法的成本分担策略,并通过模拟案例验证该策略的科学性与可行性,从中可以看出基于Shapley值法的成本分担策略兼具公平性与可行性。最后文章对研究进行了扩展讨论与应用展望。     

Tang Stele at the Snowy Foot of the Mountain - A Series of Archeological Trips in Gyirong County

At the northern flank of the downtown of Gyirong County, a mountain valley heads from south to north directly to Mt. Mala. Overlooking the valley to the north, the snowy mountain range pops into view. In the past the valley was the traffic artery for the Gyirong to communicate with the outside world. After the 1960s, Gyirong built its modern road. This valley was naturally erased from people＇s memory. On the way out of the valley two mountains, opposite to each other, are facing the extensive Gyirong basin. One of the mountain precipices features a small platform, known as ＂Ngawang Gyaye＂ （meaning ＂the name of the father＂）. Twenty years ago, it was at this point that I, with my fellow members of an archeological study, found the well-     

豫东商丘考古调查与南亳问题

文献记载,商丘地区为汤都南亳所在地。本文根据对考古调查材料的分析,认为,邹衡先生从考古学角度否定南亳是有道理的,商汤亳都只有一处即郑州商城。     

Gungthang Kingdom City in the Border of China and Nepal - A Series of Archeological Trips in Gyirong County

The high plateau enjoys clear, fresh air and the sunbeams down from the high blue sky to bathe the magnificent landscape in sunlight. It seems the mountains and the rivers of Gyirong are colored in strikingly vivid hues, enabling everything in the landscape, either living or inanimate, to appear bright and even brilliant. Standing in the downtown area of Gyirong County, facing the mountain valley to overlook Gyirong in the distance, I see a zigzagging road has been constructed on the southwest flank of the city to access Gyirong Valley.     

山东乐陵、庆云古遗址调查简报

乐陵市和庆云县位于鲁西北边缘。北有漳卫新河与河北省为界;东邻无棣县;南隔德惠新河与阳信、商河两县相望;西与临邑、陵县、宁津三县毗邻。两市县面积约1697平方公里。境内为黄河下游冲积平原,...     

Charles Lane-Poole and Early Forest Surveys of Papua and New Guinea

Early forestry surveys of Papua and New Guinea can be understood as records of cross-cultural encounters. I argue these records are very much concerned with the social context of data production and as such provide interesting insights into the history of colonial forestry. Relying largely on the work of Lane-Poole, this essay examines his accounts of colonial intercultural communication, his own changing, at times inconsistent, understandings of such processes and his limited capacity to represent them. His innovative, yet also anachronistic, work combines elements of the travel writing of the 19th century naturalist with the more austere data requirements of the kind of scientific forestry that he was attempting to create in Australia, Papua and New Guinea. I use his surveys, and those of his predecessor, Burnett, to outline the difficulties they encountered as co-ordinators of communicative transactions between an array of people with often strongly divergent linguistic, cultural and political commitments.     

鲁北—胶东盐业考古调查记

本文通过对鲁北莱州湾和胶东半岛16个县市和出有盔形器的遗址进行了调查,对盔形器的形态演变、分布区域、使用功能等进行了初步研究,并与国内外有关遗址和类似器物作了比较分析,确认菜州湾沿海包含大量盔形器的遗址是商周时期的制盐作坊,而盔形器则是制盐的特殊用具.     

近年来景德镇元代青花窑址调查与研究

本文对2000年以前景德镇元代青花窑址考古调查的历史进行了简要总结,对2000年以后在景德镇老城区城市改造中揭示出来的小港嘴、落马桥、电磁厂—刘家弄、戴家弄、小黄家弄—桂花弄(十八桥)、四图里(半边街)等六处元代青花窑址及其出土的部分元青花瓷器进行了介绍。作者根据窑址调查和考古资料,对景德镇元青花窑址的基本分布情况、景德镇元代青花瓷器生产的鼎盛时期及景德镇元青花瓷器是否存在官窑等问题进行了论述。     

清末民国年间日本对华调查报告中的财政与经济资料

日本在明治维新以后,国门大开,了解世界、特别是了解近邻的中国,以促进商贸,成为朝野上下的迫切愿望。大隈重信氏为《支那经济全书》撰写的“序”中说：“自中兴之后,订通商之约,于是彼此往     

论辛亥革命中孙中山的“尴尬”处境

孙中山是近代中国民主革命的缔造者、先行者,为实现中国民主、富强奋斗不息,其伟大的历史形象将永载史册.但是在辛亥革命过程中,因同盟会内部已经分崩离析,山头林立,大有各自为政之图,其领袖地位遭到了前所未有的诸多挑战.孙中山归国后,尽管暂时表面上平息湖北集团和江浙集团的分歧,出任临时大总统,可并未真正调停革命党内部派系之争.结果,在南北和谈的大背景下不得不主动放弃政权,拱手送与袁世凯.     

重庆丰都和石柱县崖棺葬调查与研究

分布于重庆龙河 (古代南宾河 )沿岸的丰都、石柱两县的崖棺葬 ,其墓葬形态主要是长方形横穴式。这种形制的崖棺葬 ,是来自于渝东南、黔东北、湘西、鄂西南地区的古代五溪蛮中的某支民族北迁至龙河流域后所留下的文化遗存 ,是中国境内行崖棺葬民族埋葬习俗的重要见证。     

Social Science and the Discovery of a 'Post-Protestant People': Rowntree's Surveys of York and their other Legacy

Abstract

Despite the bitter criticism it evoked, both from clerical professionals and lay experts on its publication in 1951, Rowntree's and Lavers's English Life and Leisure survived to become an enduring classic of modern British social science. Yet, in many ways, the respectability it eventually achieved now masks the true radicalism of its findings. Building on fifty years of his own social survey work in York, Rowntree (and his collaborator) were able to show the full extent of the decline of church organization, affiliation and attendance in twentieth-century Britain. They also demonstrated just how these processes had particularly affected the Protestant community — most notably the Nonconformist Protestant community — in England. Finally, they went on to demonstrate how that — institutional — decline was increasingly related to changes in, and a diminution of, specifically Christian beliefs amongst the population as a whole. Their results anticipated many of the conclusions of the 'pessimistic' sociologists of religion in the 1960s. They also constitute a profound critique of 'optimistic' historical revisionism in more recent years. As such, they are perhaps more relevant than ever.     

大唐夕阳 佛光寺东大殿勘察研究记

<正>位于五台山南麓台外的佛光寺东大殿是我国现存最早的地面木结构建筑遗存之一,是国内现存唯一的唐代殿堂式建筑。唐代初建时期的建筑构件以及众多的泥塑、壁画和题记,结构完整,蕴涵丰富,被梁思成先生称为"四绝"。自2005年起清华大学文化遗产保护研究所(北京国文琰文化遗产保护中心)开始对佛光寺东大殿进行系列勘察研究工作。十年间,随着高新技术的不断引入,从东大殿数字化勘测成果,可以一窥我国文化遗产保护领域的技术发展。     

山西右玉县中陵古城的调查与试掘

2008年和2009年,山西省考古所等对山西右玉汉中陵故城进行了考古钻探、调查和发掘,了解了城墙、马面、瓮城、护城河的概况。在西城内探出一条南北向道路和部分夯土建筑基址,并发现了十几座窑址和部分灰坑。东城内也发现少量夯土建筑基址、窑址和灰坑。城内采集到了瓦当、砖、瓦等建筑材料和陶片。     

The Invisible Hand that Rocks the Cradle: On the Limits of Time Use Surveys

Almost every intervention in the field of international agricultural development — from microcredit finance to fertilizer subsidies to trade policy — has come to recognize gender, and relationships within households, as important. Yet most interventions continue to treat the household as a ‘black box’, with changes within the household measured by the effects on income, anthropometry, health, or other secondary metrics within bargaining models. In this context, there has been increasing interest in time use studies as a way to peer inside this black box. This article offers a review of methods and identifies some of the difficulties facing time use studies in capturing intrahousehold dynamics, and presents the results of a two‐season simultaneous activity time use study in Malawi which aimed to address these difficulties. The results suggest significant limitations to time use surveys. The kinds of reproductive labour that often interest researchers may be invisible to the women responding to time use surveys, with the result that care work is dramatically under‐reported. The authors discuss the implications of the divergence between researchers’ concerns and the women's reports of their lives for time use surveys, and for feminist development research methods more broadly.