中国脆弱生态环境分布及其与贫困的关系

本文运用脆弱生态环境成因指标划定了我国脆弱生态环境的分布范围,并对脆弱生态环境与贫困进行了相关分析。结论是脆弱生态环境与贫困之间有一定的相关性,但相关性的大小因不同地区的不同工业(包括农村工业)水平、经济发展水平、不同工农业比重和不同地理区位及交通条件而不同。根据不同地区脆弱生态环境与贫困关系不同的特点,提出要因不同地区而区别对待其生态环境建设与经济发展关系的建议。     

珠三角地区城市化与生态环境的交互胁迫关系及耦合协调度

基于"交互胁迫验证-动态耦合应用-协调类型判别"框架,构建了城市化与生态环境发展状态综合评价指标体系,运用交互胁迫模型和耦合协调度测算模型对珠三角地区9个城市2000年以来的城市化与生态环境交互胁迫关系和协调类型进行了实证分析。结果表明:珠三角地区城市化与生态环境之间存在交互胁迫关系,演变轨迹符合双指数曲线,经济水平高的地区的拐点出现时城市化水平较高,且拐点出现晚于经济水平较低的地区;二者协调发展符合"S"型发展机制,2000年以来耦合协调度一直处于磨合发展阶段,系统协调模式属于生态脆弱型。     

加大柴达木盆地生态建设和环境保护力度

柴达木盆地脆弱的生态环境是制约经济开发的重要因素之一,实施生态环境保护和绿色发展战略,是地区社会经济可持续发展的必然选择。为此,要以科学发展观为指导,不断加强对公民的生态意识教育,合理利用自然资源,建立资源节约型社会,统筹人与自然的和谐发展,加大资源和环境保护的行政管理和治理力度,使生态建设和环境保护走上法制化的轨道。     

西北地区人口与生态环境分析

我国西北地区生态环境条件十分脆弱,人口超常规增长已成为西北生态环境恶化的重要因素,这是我国实施西部大开发战略面临的最大挑战。西北地区自然条件和经济社会发展的特殊性,要求我们坚持人口、资源与环境可持续发展。西北开发既要求经济环境的改善,也要求人文环境的改善,只有这样才能获得整体的发展和进步。     

四川平武白马生态脆弱地区经济模式变迁评析

历史上白马地区的经济发展经历了从原始的农牧业到消耗型的伐木经济,再到今天的民俗生态旅游和生态农牧经济的变迁。半个多世纪白马人的经济发展告诉我们,凡是以高度消耗自然资源为代价的经济活动都难以持续。白马地区的经济变迁还显示,生态脆弱地区理想的经济结构应当是适应环境特点的多元复合结构,而不能是一条腿走路的单一结构;同时,生态脆弱地区发展生态经济还应当根据当地的自然地理条件,充分发挥当地人民的创造性,走内源发展之路,避免盲目移植外来的经济模式。     

清代至民国甘青宁地区农牧经济消长与生态变迁

清代至民国时期甘青宁地区农牧交界带农耕和游牧民族因生存而争夺“草场和耕地资源”,此消彼涨的纷争和一些不适当的经济活动,一方面弱化了这里原本脆弱的生态环境,使人居自然环境质量下降,生态失衡加重。另一方面也引发了一系列社会矛盾,乃至武装冲突事件,成为社会不稳定的因素。     

浅议退耕还林还草要解决的几个问题

西部地区的自然环境先天不足 ,生态脆弱 ,加之人为的破坏 ,使原始植被很难恢复。因此 ,国家决定在不适于发展农业的地区 ,实施退耕还林还草。对退耕还林还草地区的农 (牧 )民以政策性补助。鼓励农 (牧 )民改善自己居住的生态环境 ,为发展经济创造良好的环境条件。为此 ,在退耕还林还草实施过程中要因地制宜 ,解决好认识不足、粮食不足、农民收入不足等问题至关重要。     

西部大开发与自然环境保护及生态建设

西部大开发,是事关我国现代化建设和中华民族长远生存与发展的重大战略部署。开发西部地区,有很多优势和有利条件,但这一地区生态环境极其脆弱,大部分地区森林覆盖率很低。其中,新疆森林覆盖率只有0．79％,青海为0．35%,宁夏为1．54％,甘肃为4．33％,西藏为5．84％。由于森林植被稀少,水土流失严重。沙漠化加剧,对西部经济建设和社会发展造成了严重制约。     

浅议退耕还林还草要解决的几个问题

西部地区的自然环境先天不足,生态脆弱,加之人为的破坏．使原始植被很难恢复。因此．国家决定在不适于发展农业的地区,实施退耕还林还草。对退耕还林还草地区的农(牧)民以政策性补助。鼓励农(牧)民改善自己居住的生态环境,为发展经济创造良好的环境条件。为此,在退耕还林还草实施过程中要因地制宜,解决好认识不足、粮食不足、农民收入不足等问题至关重要。     

西北地区生态补偿成效评析——退耕还林的视角

西北地区是我国生态补偿的重点区域。退耕还林工程的实施,在西北地区实现了经济、社会、生态的＂三赢＂。这不仅使西北生态脆弱区生态环境建设跨入了一个新的发展时期,而且对调整当地农村产业结构、增加农民收入、改变农民落后观念、实现农村经济社会全面发展发挥了重大的作用。但是,西北地区退耕还林工程实施过程中依然存在着诸多问题,生态依然非常脆弱,生态补偿工作还有待加强。     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the