OPTIMUM LOCATION AND THEORY OF THE FIRM UNDER A REGULATORY CONSTRAINT*

This paper attempts to incorporate space in the theory of a regulated firm. It will show that the A-J effects are not affected in a spatial setting. In addition, it will also demonstrate that as the difference between the regulated fair rate of return and the unconstrained profit-maximizing rate of return on capital becomes greater, the optimum location of the regulated firm moves towards the site of the product market, if capital and labor are complements (substitutes) and if marginal transportation costs (with respect to distance) are an increasing (decreasing) function of labor usage.     

LOCATION THEORY AND THE MULTI-PLANT FIRM: A FRAMEWORK FOR EMPIRICAL STUDIES

A model is presented to provide for the optimum distribution of manufacturing plants for a multi-plant firm in a market-oriented industry. Independent variables are production costs, transport costs, and density of demand; dependent variables are optimum plant size and market area. It is argued that the model provides a suitable framework for analysing changes over time in the distribution of a firm's plants. The applicability of the model is illustrated with short studies of spatial changes in the fluid milk industry in southern Ontario and the auto assembly industry in the United States.
Nous présentons ici un modèle fournissant la répartition optimale des manufactures pour une entreprise à usines multiples dans une industrie orientée sur les marchés. Nos variables indépendantes sont les coûts de production, les frais de transport, et la densité de la demande; nos variables dépendantes sont les marchés et la grandeur optimale des usines. Nous soutenons que ce modèle foumit un cadre d'analyse acceptable pour étudier les changements dans le temps dans la répartition des usines d'une entreprise. Pour illustrer Fapplicabilité du modèle, nous nous servons de brèves études de changements spatiaux dans l'industrie sud-Ontarienne du lait liquide et 1'industrie de montage des automobiles aux États-Unis.     

LOCATION,THEORY OF PRODUCTION,AND VARIABLE TRANSPORTATION RATES*

ABSTRACT. The question of what conditions insure independence between location and output decisions is investigated within the context of triangle space. Assuming that transportation rates vary with quantity and distance, it is shown that this independence is insured if the production function generates a linear expansion path and the following are all constant: transportation rate elasticities with respect to distance and quantity, and the price elasticity of demand for inputs.     

服务业区位论:概念、理论及研究框架

二战以来,随着世界经济服务化进程加快,国内外学者越来越关注服务业区位理论的研究,但迄今为止,国内外学术界至今没有形成完整的服务业区位理论体系。从区位论的基本概念出发,在区位过程理论的基础上,根据服务业的特性及分类,提出了由一般服务业区位理论和服务业行业区位理论构成的服务业区位理论研究框架。在服务业区位理论框架的基础上,阐述了服务业区位选择的基础理论,初步构建了由经济区位因素、空间区位因素、信息区位因素和人文区位因素构成的服务业区位因素钻石模型,并探讨了服务业区位选择及区位模式的研究思路。结合所建立的服务业区位理论体系,提出了服务业区位的实证研究框架。     

THE LOCATION THEORY OF THE PLANTATION*

ABSTRACT This paper develops a method for studying noninfinitesimal operational units, with the Thünen location and land use model. With constant returns to scale and perfect divisibility of nonland inputs, all operational units would occupy only a point on the landscape. The present model uses increasing returns to scale to generate large operational units, called “plantations” and studies the comparative statics. The setting of the model is an agricultural operation in which some processing of raw crop must be conducted prior to shipment to market. The processing is assumed to have increasing returns to scale.     

风水——中国古代的聚落区位理论

风水是一种相地术,是中国古代一种选择居住环境的学问。风水起源于原始先民的定居活动,起源于古老的天人合一思想。风水学说有着丰富的内涵,融汇了古代哲学、科学、伦理学,美学、民俗学多方面的智慧,并与自然环境各要素间有着密切的关联。     

OPTIMALITY OF RECYCLING AND THE LOCATION OF A RECYCLING CENTER

ABSTRACT. Consider a community investigating the integration of recycling into its waste management program. Even if (1) the county's citizens do not gain utility from recycling, (2) landfill space is plentiful, and (3) the market price for recyclables is zero, recycling can still be optimal for a local government. By determining the relationship between the amount of recycling and the location of a recycling center, conditions are identified under which recycling will reduce total waste management costs enough that municipal recycling will be optimal. In addition, it is shown that the likelihood of municipal recycling increases with the size of the city.     

THE PURE THEORY OF HOUSEHOLD LOCATION AN AXIOMATIC APPROACH*

In this paper, I present an axiomatic basis for the neoclassical model of household location in a monocentric urban area. I generalize the existing framework and demonstrate that many of the conclusions derived using parametric models continue to hold even without the popularly assumed well-behaved utility and transportation cost functions.     

LOCATION OF PUBLIC FACILITIES WITH SPILLOVER EFFECTS: VARIABLE LOCATION AND PARAMETRIC SCALE*

ABSTRACT This paper studies the location of public facilities of two neighboring local governments which consider not only the influence of the land market but also the spillover effects that each jurisdiction may have on the other. We obtain the following results: (1) in most cases, one of the cities behaves as an isolated city in choosing the facility location while the other enjoys the spillover effect as a free rider; (2) we also find that the equilibrium location in the two noncooperative city case is not socially optimal except for a special case.     

基于区位进入理论的苏南产业向苏北转移的动因及模式分析

从苏南地区产业向苏北地区转移的基本特征入手:苏北地区承接产业转移的能力不断提升、从项目类型看,工业项目仍占较大比重、特大规模产业转移有了新突破、共建开发区成效显著以及产业转移结构日趋优化等。借鉴Hayter区位进入理论的分析框架,从心理距离、承接区域政策、承接产业转移的环境等方面分析了苏南产业向苏北转移的空间进入壁垒,从专业化优势、竞争力优势等角度分析了苏南产业向苏北转移的空间进入优势。认为苏南产业大规模向苏北转移是进入壁垒和进入优势两方面因素共同作用的结果。总结了渐进式产业转移的五种模式:资源利用型、节约成本型、拓展市场型、优势延伸型以及园区对接型,并就如何加快地区产业转移进程提出了对策。     

TRANSPORTATION RATES AND LOCATION OF THE FIRM: A COMPARATIVE STATIC ANALYSIS*

ABSTRACT This paper examines the role of the structure of transportation rates in the Weber-Moses triangle model. It shows that, in Zeigler's analysis, the appearance of the price elasticities of demand for inputs actually vanish by a simple application of the envelope theorem. Applying comparative statics analysis, we show when transportation rates are a function of quantity and distance, the assumptions that the production function is homogeneous of degree one and the transportation rates elasticities with respect to quantity and distance are constant are not sufficient to insure that the optimum location is independent of the level of output. This result is significantly different from that obtained by either Miller and Jensen or Zeigler.     

基于空间界面理论乡村社区选址研究——以河南省晴岚社区为例

空间界面理论是乡村社区选址的适宜理论。在分析传统农村聚落区位选址中空间界面取向及其演变、新形势下农户择居需求等基础上,得出乡村社区选址大致有四种倾向:城镇边缘区、交通沿线、产业集聚区外围、其他资源指向等。利用空间界面理论中的避害原则、就近原则、功能原则、加成原则,认为河南省商丘市柘城县晴岚社区的选址是合理的,接近于理想中的最佳区位。