American Colonialism in the Philippines: Different but still Colonialism

Book reviewed:
Julian Go and Anne L. Foster, eds. The American Colonial State in the Philippines, Global Perspectives . Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 2003. 312 pp. Index. $79.95 (cloth), $22.95 (paper).     

Brief encounters: Tatham Mound and the evidence for Spanish and Native American confrontation

Skeletal trauma often has been utilized to examine facets of inter- and intragroup violence. Eighteen skeletal elements from Tatham Mound are considered in this study, which exhibit wounds similar to documented cases of trauma caused by edged metal weapons. Tatham Mound is a sixteenth century mortuary site in central Gulf Coast Florida and is located within the reconstructed zone of contact with the Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses of skeletal elements are conducted in order to distinguish trauma due to edged metal weapons from other perimortem and post-mortem bone modification. The damage on elements from Tatham Mound is compared with documented cases of trauma from edged metal weapons as well as medieval European skeletal remains exhibiting trauma due to edged metal weapons. It is concluded that some of the observed cases are probably due to metal weapon wounds inflicted by the Spanish explorers.     

美国对菲律宾的殖民统治及其影响

美国和菲律宾的关系是一个相对复杂的问题。19世纪末美国以武力颠覆了菲律宾共和国,在菲律宾建立了殖民统治。政治上,美国在菲律宾建立起一套完整的统治秩序,经济上将不平等条约强加给菲律宾,垄断菲律宾主要经济命脉,文化上大力输出美国式的价值观念和意识形态。美国的统治政策侵犯了菲律宾的主权和民族独立,造成了菲律宾经济的畸形发展和人民的贫困,阻碍了菲律宾民族文化的传承。     

Conflicting viewpoints on opium prohibition: Radical changes to opium policy in the late Qing dynasty

The ban on opium at the end of the Qing dynasty was larger and more influential than ever before. Opinions differed on opium prohibition between the court and society. The intelligentsia and government believed in a set of policies, while opium farmers and traders resisted them. Subsequent conflicts became more and more intense, especially when opium farmers began protesting the ban on planting opium. The reactions of officials and commoners towards this backlash against the opium ban were very complex. The rehabilitation plans and measures following the backlash proved ineffective, leaving a confused situation out of control. __________ Translated from Wen-shi-zhe (Journal of Literature, History & Philosophy), 2004:2     

菲律宾女人--柔韧肩膀的担当

菲律宾女人柔情似水, 然而,她们并非尽是软弱, 困为菲律宾女人担当起的 不仅仅是道义,还有危机和 苦难,当然还有创造, 甚至整个国家的政治生命 和经济命脉.在她们中间, 有芳草般洒落在天涯海角的 女佣,有无时不在每个人 身后的母亲,还有大权在握、 叱咤风云的女总统.     

Elites in Local Development in the Philippines

For many Philippine provinces, decentralization and more autonomous local development planning did not lead to the desired outcomes. This article examines the experiences of the two provinces of Cebu and Leyte. While Cebu became a centre of trade and industry, Leyte is still struggling with its local economy oriented to natural resources. A main reason for the divergent development paths of the two islands can be found in the emergence of different elite structures, which resulted in different path‐dependent patterns of economic specialization. Despite this different historical experience, both provinces today suffer from similar institutional infirmities in their planning system for promoting local development. Local planning capacity constraints, such as regional and local co‐ordination and co‐operation patterns, local finances, human capital and knowledge are analysed. The Cebuano elites used the room for manoeuvre provided by decentralization reforms more successfully than elites in Leyte. This created pockets of efficiency in Cebu leading to more development‐friendly investment policies. In order to increase local and regional planning capacity, short‐term interventions and policy reforms at the local, regional and national level are discussed.     

19世纪爪哇鸦片走私中的华侨包税商

结合19世纪末华侨因为参与鸦片税收承包与鸦片走私成为社会舆论批驳焦点的史实,阐述和分析了爪哇鸦片的输入与鸦片包税制的确立、爪哇鸦片走私的兴起以及华侨鸦片包税商在走私中所扮演的角色及其原因。认为华侨并不是爪哇鸦片走私的唯一参与者,欧洲人、欧亚混血儿及爪哇本土人常常是他们的合作伙伴;无论鸦片税收承包还是鸦片走私,最终的受益者都是荷兰殖民统治者;华侨包税商在荷属印尼历史上所扮演的任何角色都是由荷兰殖民统治的利益所决定的。     

Immunization and hygiene in the colonial Philippines

Vaccination and the enforcement of stipulations of personal hygiene can be viewed as different mechanisms of colonial government. Immunization campaigns reach and register populations, but they may also appear to obviate the need for behavioral reform. Hygiene education implies the development of a disciplined, self-governing citizenry, although in the colonial setting validation of such attainment is usually deferred. This article explores the tension between mechanisms of security (immunization) and drill (hygiene) in the Philippines, under the United States' colonial regime, in the early twentieth century.     

食艺菲律宾——从咖啡中了解菲律宾

喝着Travel Cafe里山猫“过滤”后的咖啡,品尝到现代菲律宾的滋味; 住着马尼拉索菲特菲律宾广场酒店的套房;欣赏到现代菲律宾人的爱情。 马尼拉市郊Angahro颇具名望的家旗艺术家,描绘出菲律宾艺术生活的全貌。     

Proof and reproof: the judicial component of episcopal confrontation

Nicetius of Trier was one of the most temperamental bishops to have a place in the writings of Gregory of Tours. In the tradition of St Martin, Nicetius represented one extreme of the relationship between ecclesiastical and secular authority in sixth-century Gaul. He stands out as an example of conflict between those two spheres, in both contemporary and modern portraits. This article attempts to place Nicetius within a tradition of episcopal behaviour that undermines the element of conflict. By focusing on the judicial functions that Nicetius fulfilled in the context of penance and oath swearing, it argues that Nicetius was less an extreme example of spiritual audacity than he was an exceptional model for commonplace virtues of the ideal bishop. This article is, therefore, a case-study for a larger project.     

Proof and reproof: the judicial component of episcopal confrontation

Nicetius of Trier was one of the most temperamental bishops to have a place in the writings of Gregory of Tours. In the tradition of St Martin, Nicetius represented one extreme of the relationship between ecclesiastical and secular authority in sixth-century Gaul. He stands out as an example of conflict between those two spheres, in both contemporary and modern portraits. This article attempts to place Nicetius within a tradition of episcopal behaviour that undermines the element of conflict. By focusing on the judicial functions that Nicetius fulfilled in the context of penance and oath swearing, it argues that Nicetius was less an extreme example of spiritual audacity than he was an exceptional model for commonplace virtues of the ideal bishop. This article is, therefore, a case-study for a larger project.