新疆与历代中原王朝政治关系的计量分析

自西汉在新疆设官以来的两千多年中,新疆和中原王朝保持着四类政治关系。本文首先简述了中原王朝在新疆设置政权的沿革,然后以计量史学的方法对四类政治关系存续的时段分别予以统计,以关系的数量程度说明关系的性质。统计结果显示,新疆地区全部或部分在两千多年的大部分时段中处于中原王朝辖治之下,从而表明新疆自汉代以来就是中国领土的一部分。     

中国北方早期智人与直立人对环境适应性比较研究——L2时期的环境变化对人类演化的影响

直立人与早期智人在石器类型上的相似性反映了它们所处的相似的地质背景为他们提供了相似的石料;而在打片技术、用火等方面的差异可能反映了它们在适应环境能力上有一定的区别;和早期智人相比,直立人采用的适应方式可能要消耗更多的资源。L2时期恶劣的气候变化可能是直立人演化为早期智人的原因之一。     

郭嵩焘与刘锡鸿政治思想的比较研究——以士大夫观和英国政治观为中心

本文是郭嵩焘和刘锡鸿政治思想的比较研究.笔者着重探讨在郭嵩焘和刘锡鸿的政治思想中最主要的问题意识是什么、这个问题意识和他们看到的西方有什么关系这类的课题.笔者想强调的是:第一,我们在他们出使之前的所有的文章中能看到他们的问题意识--"士大夫在那时的中国社会应该担负什么任务?"第二,他们从这个问题意识来观察西方社会,特别关注英国的"官"和"民"的关系.并且他们对英国政治的看法之间有思路的差别.     

西南军政委员会的建立与运作

新中国成立初期,在中央与省之间曾设立大行政区一级地方政府,代表中央人民政府具体管理和处理所辖省、市的民主政权建设、医治战争创伤、恢复正常的社会秩序和经济生活秩序等工作。大行政区政府既是比所辖省市高一级的地方政权机关,又是中央人民政府政务院领导地方政府工作的代表机关。在当时各地区革命发展极不平衡、中央政府直接管理省以及省以下地方政府的条件尚不具备的背景下,实行过渡性的大行政区建制,因地制宜地制定政策和实行管理是符合当时政治经济形势要求的,有利于新生政权的巩固和国民经济的恢复。     

The Word Order in Saravi Dialect and Spoken Persian Language: A Typological Comparative Study

This research is a comparative study of the typological parameters of contemporary spoken Persian language and Saravi, a main dialect of the Mazandarani language, using some Greenbergian universals as its theoretical framework in word order correlations. The study aims to determine the common parameters and the variations of specific syntactic constituents among the systems studied here. On this basis it investigates the unmarked word order in declarations, as well as preparing a systematic comparison of phrasal genitive and adjective structures in the systems under investigation, along with examining their self and possessive pronominal orders. Together with revealing the use of differential orderings within the systems in these respects throughout the paper, the findings uphold Greenberg's language universals as a useful tool in classifying language types as well as specifying the variations of the syntactic constituents.     

新时期人民政协界别变化的特点及其原因

新时期人民政协与文化大革命结束时的前四届相比较,无论在界别数量、构成成分还是在界别设置等方面都发生了很大变化。这种变化是由于新时期党和国家工作重点的转移、新的社会阶层的产生以及加强和完善共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度等原因使然。人民政协的不断发展、完善,对于扩大爱国统一战线、更好地发挥人民政协作用具有重要意义。     

阴阳五行与秦汉政治史观

阴阳五行对秦汉政治史观产生了深刻影响。秦汉时期共有四种主要的政治史观 :以五行相胜原则运转的五德终始说 ;以五行相生原则运转的汉家尧后说 ;董仲舒所创三统说以及质文说。这四种政治史观都与阴阳五行有密切关联 ,并对秦汉乃至以后两千余年封建社会产生了深远影响     

“Living together separately”: Thoughts on the relationship between political science and political geography

In their provocatively titled book, Living Together Separately, Michael Romann and Alex Weingrod argue that the shared terrain of Jerusalem obscures deep divisions in the physical and social lives of its Arab and Jewish ethnic communities (Romann & Weingrod, 1991). Multiple divisions exist not only among peoples sharing a common space; they are also found among communities of scholars sharing common intellectual interests. This has certainly been the case of Political Science and Political Geography during much of the twentieth century. Members of both disciplinary communities seek insights into the role of politics and political structures in human society, yet until recently they have pursued their work within orbits that only rarely intersected. They attended different conferences and symposia, they employed different methodological tools, and they did not draw heavily on each others published work.Recent theoretical and empirical developments have begun to erode the barriers separating Political Science and Political Geography, and a discussion of the relationship between the disciplines is thus both timely and welcome. Professor Elazar is an appropriate person to place at the center of this discussion, for his work as a political scientist is unusual sensitivity to geography. Professor Elazar's comments about research orientations and career constraints provide an interesting point of departure for such a discussion, but to understand the nature and depth of the divide between the disciplines it is important to consider the core intellectual constructs and practices that have characterized Political Science and Political Geography during the twentieth century. These have fostered theoretical orientations and research approaches that are sufficiently different from one another to create significant barriers to interdisciplinary contact.     

Political space and borderland practices in Abkhazia and Adjara: exploring the role of Ottoman legacies and contemporary Turkish influences

Abstract

The article provides a comparative exploration of the role of Ottoman legacies and contemporary Turkish influences in shaping political space in the Black Sea regions of Adjara and Abkhazia. Conceptualizing both as borderlands, the article focuses on borderland practices related to three kinds of transboundary flows between Turkey and Adjara and Abkhazia, respectively: flows of goods and capital, flows of people, and flows of ideas. The article draws on a wide range of secondary sources as well as on data from field research in Abkhazia, Adjara, and Turkey. It discloses how borderland practices have contributed to fragmented and convergent configurations of authority in both regions and underlines a threefold character of borderland practices which reflect and reproduce understandings of illegitimacy and illicitness, cosmopolitan sociability, and struggles over belonging.     

70年来中国历史民族地理研究的主要进展

历史民族地理是现代中国历史人文地理的一个分支,其研究成果涉及中国民族史、民族学(人类学)、历史人文地理以及边疆史地等多个学科。中华人民共和国成立70年来,历史民族地理的发展也经历了一个曲折而复杂的过程。改革开放以来,随着各个相关学科的蓬勃发展,历史民族地理研究成果丰硕,成绩斐然,已初步成为历史人文地理研究领域的一个重要分支。     

On political theology: A controversy between Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt

This article pays special attention to the large number of references to political theology by Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt, particularly in the interwar period, and seeks to interpret these references in a new way. While Schmitt's analogies between God and state are to be expected considering his strong Catholic roots, such comparisons are much more surprising for a positivist like Hans Kelsen, who always tried to relieve state and law from transcendental elements. The article concludes that, far from being marginal in the doctrinal dispute between Schmitt and Kelsen, references to political theology express and summarize their major controversy about the relation between state and law, as well as about the sources of the state's unity. The heart of the disputatio between the two jurists concerned the ability of the political power to emancipate itself from the juridical order. The ‘legal miracle’—in this context meaning the occasional autonomization of the state from law—was for Schmitt the manifestation of sovereign power. However, for Kelsen it represented the negation of the state's essence, whose actions must be determined only by the legal order.     

Voting Technology,Political Institutions,Legal Institutions and Civil Society: A Study of the Hypothesis of Cultural Lag in Reverse

The 2000 Presidential election was plagued by butterfly ballots and ‘pregnant chads’. Electronic voting systems, lacking verifiable paper trails that are subject to possible fraud, promise to wreak havoc with the 2004 Presidential election. There is a great diversity of systems of voting technology in the 50 states: from paper ballots, lever‐operated machines and punch cards to optical scanners and electronic systems. Associated with each technology is an estimated error rate. The underlying theory of this paper was set forth by William F. Ogburn in his famous book entitled Social Change, published in 1922. Dividing culture into material and non‐material elements, Ogburn argued that non‐material elements lag behind material elements. His explanation for this lag is that technology, which underlies material culture, changes at a faster rate than elements of non‐material culture. Obgurn did not contemplate the possibility of a reverse lag, viz., technology lagging behind non‐material culture. In analyzing the anomalous relationships between voting technology, political institutions and legal institutions, a striking instance of a ‘reverse cultural lag’ is discerned. To eliminate the phenomenon of the reverse cultural lag, there is a need for a federally‐funded program of a uniform, state‐of‐the‐art voting technology, plus an amended Help America Vote Act, to implement the innovations in the 3,114 counties. The complex problems reviewed in this paper point to a vexing question: how do we educate an electorate in a democratic society—such as the United States in the twenty‐first century—to be responsible for ensuring that periodically‐elected representatives implement the will of the people?     

试析非洲华人报刊的历史演变与社会功能

本文从历史的角度对非洲的华人报刊进行类型分析 ,并探讨华文传媒的社会文化功能。非洲华人报刊的历史大致可以分为四个阶段 ,即 1895— 192 0年代 ,1930— 194 5年 ,194 6—1960年代和 1970年代以后。影响非洲华人报刊发展主要有三种因素 :居留地区或国家的有关政策 ,当地华侨华人的境况和中国的政治局势。这些报刊的演变有一个由少到多 ,再由多到少的过程。报刊的语言经历了从中文到双语再从双语到中文的过程。在其他条件相同的情况下 ,保持中立是华人报刊维持的因素。最后 ,从目前情况看 ,报刊的发行有私人化和独立化的倾向。     

先秦诸子民生思想研究

先秦诸子的民生思想反映了社会大变革时期民生凋敝的现实图景。他们的民生观虽然角度不同,但无不充满着对劳动人民的深切同情和关怀。道家的自然生态民生思想、儒家的重民民生思想、墨家的利民民生思想以及法家的法治民生思想分别代表了先秦诸子时代民生思想的主要特征。