从中西词类划分的区别看中西语言的差异

中西语言关于词类划分差异巨大。通过对比研究分别掌握两种语言词类划分的分类标准和现状,有助于我们了解语句的结构和各类词的用法,从而更好地运用到语法学的学习当中。     

试论法律术语变异的语言机制

法律术语作为法律语言的重要组成部分,是全民共同语的变体,在语音、语义和语法等方面都存在变异现象,这种情况的产生受语言机制影响。法律术语语音变化、语义单义、语义对义、词类转变、词性游移、句法结构凝缩、缩减构词等变异形式与语言的排除机制、经济机制、对称机制和类推机制有密切的关系。     

浅析哈萨克民族的数字文化观

哈萨克民族是一个具有悠久历史的草原民族,它的语言经历了漫长的演变,并日趋完善。从语言学角度来说,数词作为词类的一部分,不仅起到记录具体数字的作用,同时还负载着特定的文化意义。     

语法修饰中的象声词是实词

20世纪50年代起,语言学界对象声词的讨论在语音、语法、修辞等多个视角层层深入,但是对其归属的看法却不一致。笔者从象声词的性质切入,认为象声词可以划分词类,并且是实词的一类。     

中西幽默差异探究

作为语言和文化的重要组成部分,幽默在跨文化人际交往和沟通方面起着重要的作用,它在很大程度上代表本族文化精华。不同的文化、语言、心理造就了不同幽默观,中式幽默和西式幽默形成了各自的风格。通过对英汉文化里言语幽默进行跨文化比较,可以增进人们对不同文化背景下幽默差异的认识和理解,从而有效避免因文化差异而导致的交际误解和冲突。     

古籍译注表现词类活用的古代范例——汉代注释书释义方法探索之四

前三文谈了汉代注释书对句法关系、句型、句式、语义关系的表现,本文谈词类活用的表现.首先说明,“词类活用”是用的旧提法.汉语语法科学发展到现在,较为一致的认识,汉语词类跟句子结构成分没有简单的对应关系,如动词、形容词做谓语外,还可做主语、宾语,名词做主语、宾语之外,还可做谓语.可过去汉语语法研究中长期受西方语言语法的影响,认为动词、形容词的职能是做谓语,做主语、宾语是“活用”;名词的职能是做主语、宾语,做谓语是“活用”(有的更认为是词类“转化”,说这种用法的动词、形容词转成了名词,名词转成了动词).笔者称“活用”,不是肯定这一名称,而是用此名称指名词、形容词做主语、宾语,名词做谓语这些语言现象.在古汉语里,动词,形容词做了主语、宾语,尤其名词做了谓语,意义就发生明显的变化;对此,汉代注释书也作了注释,清楚的表现出其产生的新的意义特点.     

论中西动物词的文化联想

任何语言的词语都积淀了浓厚的文化意蕴,本文主要从两方面来窥测中西语言中动物词的文化色彩。     

唐诗语言研究综述

近些年来学者们对唐诗语言的本体研究不断成熟,主要集中在词汇和语法两个方面.词汇方面的研究主要集中在口语词、疑难词的考释上,现代语言学角度的研究尚比较有限;语法方面的研究主要集中在词类研究上,对句法研究较少.唐诗作为汉语史研究的语料尚未受到足够重视,相关语言研究还有深入的必要.     

中西方位词的文化差异及翻译

语言是一种社会现象和文化载体,同时又是文化的一个重要组成部分。在语言的各要素中,词汇是基本要素。文化差异在词汇层面上有所体现,对词汇的理解也必然能体现民族或文化之间的差异。"东"、"西"、"南"、"北"这些方位词不仅是地理概念,而且与民族文化、宗教思想、风俗习惯密切相关,是一种文化现象。挖掘中西方位词所蕴涵的文化差异并分析其英译策略在跨文化交际和外语教学及翻译实践中具有重要意义。     

浅议词类活用的误用现象——因不明引申义为例

古汉语词类活用中存在大量的误用现象。本文拟从不明引申义这一角度来分析词类活用的误用现象。     

《尚书·尧典》缺文举例——兼谈卫宏《诏定古文尚书序》的可信性

本文举出了<尚书·尧典>中四处缺讹现象,并予以分析和辨正,解决了该篇中几处文句不能通读的问题,证明今文<尚书>二十八篇中确有由于口传造成的文字错误,同时证明卫宏<诏定古文尚书序>具有一定的可信性,不能全都否定.     

《全宋诗》指瑕四例

《全宋诗》中偶有谬误,文章对其中的一些谬误作出分类举例并辨析之,白于学界,以供研究者参考。     

试论《助字辨略》的成就与不足

清人刘淇所撰的《助字辨略》．是我国历史上第一部具有完整体例的虚词专著。全书共收虚词四百七十六个,分为三十类,并按四声对所收虚词分卷编次,依韵排列,同时类聚条析,讲解精当,对其后的虚词著作产生了深远的影响。但作者毕竟处于清学初起之时,那时虚词专著还处于开创阶段,这就注定《助字辨略》难免有一些缺陷和不足之处。     

Picturing knowledge: Chinese brushwork illustrations of Western natural history in a late Qing periodical, 1907–1911

In recent years, a number of studies have examined the introduction of Western learning into China after the late nineteenth century. Many of these works discuss how Chinese scholarship might have been reshaped by Western classification and structure of knowledge, and ask how it absorbed and adopted the vocabulary and language of Western learning. While defining the newly emerged idea of “national essence”, late Qing Chinese literati, notably the members of the Society for Preserving National Learning, also tried to incorporate Western scientific knowledge, as they understood and perceived it, into the framework of Chinese learning. From 1907–1911, more than a hundred botanical and zoological illustrations, drawn more or less according to Western scientific norm, appeared in Guocui xuebao, a journal published by the Society for Preserving National Learning. These pictures are an indication of the attempts made by late Qing Chinese literati to integrate Chinese and Western scholarship. Focusing on these drawings, this paper examines how the painter Cai Shou might have adopted and applied the natural history knowledge and the drawing techniques he acquired through various means. It also asks with what ideal late Qing and early Republican Chinese literati might have identified themselves.     

中古汉语新兴介词成因考察

动词的词汇意义是动词虚化为介词的前提;动词出现的句法位置是动词虚化为介词的条件;类同引申是中古汉语新生介词的一大特色;作为一种主观行为,重新分析从认知的角度把各种虚化过程加以确定,标志着虚化过程的最终完成。内外因素共同作用,促成了动词向介词的转化。     

‘The Cow is Still the Most Important Figure in Indian Politics!’: Religion,Imperial Culture and the Shaping of Indian Political Reform in the 1930s

This essay assesses the impact of imperial culture, particularly constructions of India and hinduism, on British responses to the Indian nationalist movement in the 1930s. The essay draws on personal and governmental papers, paying special attention to the language and vocabulary employed by British policy makers concerned with Indian affairs. The major issue addressed here is the British presumption that the 1935 Government of India Act, a plan for a federated India with British central control, would defuse nationalist agitation. Such a sanguine view of this proposal seemed misplaced, given the popular success of the nationalists, especially Gandhi, and given the explicit demands of Indians for full self‐government. However, such an optimistic assessment drew on presumptions about Indian political and social behaviour, and especially on conceptions of hinduism. Policy makers in Britain and India argued along well‐established lines, that hinduism inculcated moral and physical weakness, among other deficiencies, and that a British offer of compromise would attract many Indians who feared continuing confrontation with the Raj. Moreover, colonial advisors relied on a belief that social and caste divisions within hinduism would recur within the nationalist ranks as well. This sense that Indians would respond to half‐measures of reform persisted until the 1937 provincial elections. Though British administrators predicted only a moderate showing by the Indian National Congress, the polling proved otherwise, as Congress took power in the majority of the provinces. The Raj lasted another decade, but the confident cultural assumptions sustaining it took a fatal blow.     

Text and image in celtiberia: the adoption and adaptation of written language into indigenous visual vocabulary

Summary This study is concerned with the relationships between text and image in central Spain during the period second century BC–second century AD. Three discrete relationships are isolated, each one representative of a unique strategy for communicating with both written and figured language. The paper argues that the Celtiberian populi adopted Roman epigraphic practice into a pre-existing visual vocabulary, reconfiguring written communication into an indigenous framework that met local predilections.     

Angli and Saxones in Æthelweard's Chronicle

The late tenth‐century Chronicle ascribed to Ealdorman Æthelweard frequently uses the word Angli in contexts where other writers employ Saxones. This has generally been attributed to a supposed project to cultivate English unity by privileging ‘Anglian’ terminology. The present article challenges this interpretation by highlighting Æthelweard's use of ‘Saxon’ vocabulary at key points in the text. Æthelweard's use of the words Angli and Saxones is best explained by the fact that he was writing for a continental Saxon reader, and his Chronicle strengthens the case for doubting that there was any coherent scheme to promote Anglian vocabulary.