空间信息技术在文物保护领域的应用思考

三维数据获取、大数据、云计算、虚拟现实等空间信息技术的发展,为文物保护工作带来新的技术方法。文物现状信息留取向数字化方向转变,文物安全监测、病害检测与修复、文物展示等工作内容依托于三维激光扫描、近景摄影测量、虚拟现实等技术呈现出全方位、高精度、数字化的特点。目前新的保护技术在许多文物保护单位中已得到应用,并取得丰富的成果。但同时也存在着专业性强,基层文物工作者难以掌握核心技术;技术标准不统一、成果质量参差不齐,数字成果后期应用明显不足等问题亟待解决。     

大型高浮雕石质文物的数字化探索——以云冈石窟为例

精准的测绘记录是保护和展示石窟艺术的重要手段,但传统的手工测绘和立体摄影测绘,均不能立体、准确、全方位地展示石窟艺术的真实面貌。随着三维激光扫描测绘技术的出现与推广,获得更加丰富、全面、精准的石窟艺术信息成为可能。针对云冈石窟高浮雕造像的特点,三维激光扫描技术被引入,并在文物档案的建立、石窟的科技保护、考古研究、数字化云冈的制作等工作等领域形成了以三维激光扫描与数字近景摄影测量为主、毫米级精度的数字化技术路线。     

敦煌莫高窟第45窟彩塑高保真三维重建方法研究

彩塑三维重建是精确获取文物的三维几何和纹理信息的数字化技术,对于文物保护、数字档案建立、考古研究、展览展示以及移动数字博物馆建设等都具有重要的意义。莫高窟彩塑作为一种不可移动文物,受采集空间及丰富的纹理信息的影响,现有的三维重建方法尚不能在保证重建精度的基础上,准确还原文物表面的色彩信息。为此,通过研究和设计双相机结构光的FOTOMOULD三维重建系统,对莫高窟第45窟彩塑菩萨三维重建,在获取高精度几何信息的同时,达到了色彩、纹理、细节等高度还原的效果。     

摄影测量方法制作数字化线描图在麦积山石窟的应用

摄影测量技术越来越广泛地应用于文物考古、保护工作,基于数字近景摄影测量的研究及应用步入了全面发展期,已成功应用于很多领域。石窟寺考古采用这一技术进行数字化线描图的制作,只是近几年的事。麦积山石窟利用这一技术进行洞窟的数字化摄影测量,制作了20多个洞窟的十分精准的数字化线描图,可以用于石窟考古研究与文物保护及展示。     

可移动文物多视角三维重建的拍摄方法探索

通过数字摄影与多视角三维重建技术,能够完成多种可移动文物的三维重建工作。为满足Agisoft Photoscan软件进行三维重建的技术要求,在进行可移动文物的多视角影像获取时,针对形态各异、种类繁杂的可移动文物,需要采用不同的拍摄方法,保证可移动文物三维重建的最佳效果。     

摄影测量方法制作数字化线描图在麦积山石窟的应用北大核心CSSCI

摄影测量技术越来越广泛地应用于文物考古、保护工作,基于数字近景摄影测量的研究及应用步入了全面发展期,已成功应用于很多领域。石窟寺考古采用这一技术进行数字化线描图的制作,只是近几年的事。麦积山石窟利用这一技术进行洞窟的数字化摄影测量,制作了20多个洞窟的十分精准的数字化线描图,可以用于石窟考古研究与文物保护及展示。     

基于关节臂扫描的文物精细三维信息留取

基于关节臂和高清摄影进行重庆大足千手观音现状信息留取和精细三维重建具有现状的真实、完整记录,可为现场修复提供参考,为此,提出一种新的基于关节臂高精度扫描的文物精细三维信息获取方法,利用关节臂对文物进行扫描,获得高精度几何数据,在此基础上建立超精细三维建模,同时利用人工选取控制点来获取高分辨率影像。基于本方法所获得的精细三维信息可以用于三维统计、虚拟修复和变化检测等方面,为文物的现场保护修复工作提供科学依据,并为其他文物精细三维重建提供参考。最后以重庆大足石刻造像为例,验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。     

世界文化遗产数字化保护与建设初探——以西藏罗布林卡古建筑为例

随着计算机及相关技术的迅猛发展,以数字近景摄影测量、三维激光扫描测量、虚拟现实等技术为基础的数字化保护与复原开始在古建筑保护中扮演重要的角色。但由于经费短缺,人员匮乏,制约了文化遗产数字化保护与利用的发展。为了更好地保护和利用好罗布林卡,应提高认识数字化保护建设,增强危机感。建立完整的罗布林卡古建筑数字化保护与展示技术,形成一套集建筑表征、内部结构、周围环境影响因素于一体的档案系统,利用数字平台打造综合性的罗布林卡文化遗产展示与推广平台。     

西安钟楼明清文物展部分文物介绍

西安市文物园林局为庆祝中华人民共和国建国四十周年,于西安钟楼举办了“明清文物展览”,展品分为铜器、瓷器、景泰兰、家具等。这些展品都是1949年以来在西安出土和征集的。文物作为历史的见证,时代较晚的容易被人们忽视而造成不必要的损失,因此,我们在注意收藏元宋以前各代文物的同时,加强了对明清时期各类文物的征集工作。这些文物反映了明清时的政治、经济、文化及科学技术的发展。现选部分展品介绍如下: 瓷器明清时期,随着社会经济的发展,瓷器生产在全国更加普遍,窑场遍及南北各地,各具特色,以造型、纹饰、胎釉等方面都超     

三维激光扫描技术在国家博物馆的应用初探

利用三维激光扫描技术建立馆藏文物的三维数字化档案,对博物馆文物收藏、研究和展示具有重要的现实意义。国家博物馆在对三维数字化需求充分调研的基础上,利用三维激光扫描仪开展文物的三维数据采集工作,使三维数据在数字展厅、网络展示等方面发挥了积极的作用。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.