LOCATION OF PUBLIC FACILITIES WITH SPILLOVER EFFECTS: VARIABLE LOCATION AND PARAMETRIC SCALE*

ABSTRACT This paper studies the location of public facilities of two neighboring local governments which consider not only the influence of the land market but also the spillover effects that each jurisdiction may have on the other. We obtain the following results: (1) in most cases, one of the cities behaves as an isolated city in choosing the facility location while the other enjoys the spillover effect as a free rider; (2) we also find that the equilibrium location in the two noncooperative city case is not socially optimal except for a special case.     

泛珠三角中心城市互动的动力、模式及合作领域分析

中心城市之间的互动,可以有力促进泛珠三角区域合作与发展,符合城市发展的内在需求和区域合作与发展的潮流,同时也符合中心城市与区域合作的发展历程。泛珠三角中心城市互动的重要动力是政府推动、市场机制、资源共享以及区域发展的差异性、互补性。有效的互动模式包括政府和企业双主体互动、产业对接、城市圈互动、友城战略等。泛珠三角中心城市互动可以在规划、加工制造业的分工与合作、口岸合作和大通关平台建设、社会资源等重点领域展开。     

城市宜居性与旅游发展关系研究——基于面板数据的分析

本文关注城市宜居性与旅游发展互动关系,在理论模型基础上,运用因子分析、熵值法、面板回归等对我国35个大中城市数据进行实证分析。研究发现:城市宜居性可以分为丰富的物质文化生活、便利的公共服务、健康舒适的生活环境、良好的社会福利和安全的生产生活等五个维度;城市宜居性对旅游发展具有持续地促进作用,该作用受到对外交通、潜在市场规模和对外经济发展水平的正向调节;适度的旅游发展提升城市宜居水平,过度的旅游发展对城市宜居性具有不利影响;根据旅游发展相对水平,可将对应城市分为优先推动组、推动组、适度控制组和控制组;北京、天津、杭州、广州、深圳、重庆、武汉等地的旅游业发展对城市宜居性的威胁较大。     

RETAIL AMENITIES AND URBAN SPRAWL

This paper examines the interaction between local retail markets and population density in cities. We demonstrate that welfare costs of urban sprawl need not come only from road congestion or environmental externalities, as often suggested in the literature. A city also forgoes potential agglomeration economies in retail when it settles into a spatially sprawling equilibrium. Our theory predicts an additional spatial equilibrium where the city is inefficiently dense, characterized by strong retail agglomeration economies within the core.     

联系与竞合：粤港澳大湾区城市群旅游共生空间若干问题研究

首次从旅游领域将共生理论分析框架应用到城市间空间相互作用中,对城市群旅游共生进行理论分析。通过引力模型、欧氏距离模型和共生系统分类法,探讨粤港澳大湾区城市群旅游共生空间的若干问题。研究表明：城市群旅游共生组织模式基本处于由间歇共生向连续共生的正向演化阶段,空间呈现“2+3+4+2”城市群旅游共生层级体系,形成了三大旅游共生城市组团。城市群旅游共生行为模式大都处于由竞争共生向互惠共生的正向演化阶段,港澳广莞和佛惠中分别为主要互补与竞争节点,出现正向、稳定、逆向、往复、随机无序等五种演化路径分异。城市群旅游共生系统表现为初级旅游共生关系单一且稳定,中级旅游共生关系混沌且随机,高级旅游共生关系分异且稳定的规律。     

西部9省会大城市综合竞争力的分析与研究

城市竞争力已成为当代关注和研究的焦点。在西部大开发战略背景下,探讨西部9省会大城市的综合竞争力尤为重要。本文选取42个指标作为西部地区9省会大城市综合竞争力评价的原始指标,运用因子多变量统计分析法对42个指标数据进行分析处理,得到5个公因子。在此基础上计算出西部地区9省会大城市综合竞争力的综合得分,进行分析和排序,最后对9个大城市进行简单地概括评价。     

Multi-Firm City Versus Company Town: A Micro Foundation Model of Localization Economies

When do we have a company town and when do we have a multi‐firm city? In this paper I analyze the impact of public infrastructure investment decisions on types of cities in a decentralized urban system. This is done in a one‐sector spatial general equilibrium model of a closed economy. Investment in public infrastructures reduces the fixed set up cost of all firms within the city resulting in multi‐firm cities. Thus, in this approach localization economies are modelled explicitly instead of assuming that larger industrial size within the city enhances productivity. On the other hand, when the infrastructure is not provided, a company town will be formed by a developer because of the fixed cost required by each firm. The decision of whether to invest in the provision of public infrastructures depends on the type of city that will provide households with the highest utility. This paper characterizes the conditions that lead to each of the two equilibrium configurations.     

AGGLOMERATION EFFECTS IN COLOMBIA

I estimate an elasticity of wages with respect to city population of about 5 percent for Colombian cities. This finding is robust to a number of econometric concerns. The second main finding is a negative effect of market access on wages. Third main finding regards stronger agglomeration effects in the informal sector. In turn, this explains a range of other negative findings, including only weak evidence in favor of human capital externalities, no evidence of a complementarity between cities and skills, and an absence of learning effects. I do not find measurable effects of roads or amenities on wages either.     

皖江城市带空间经济联系的网络特征及优化方向研究

基于社会网络分析的视角,分析了皖江城市带城市空间经济联系的网络特征,提出了其经济联系的优化方向。结果显示:从网络密度看,空间经济联系网络还处于弱联结状态;就点度中心度来说,芜湖的点出度最大,合肥的点入度最大;由接近中心度与中间中心度可知,合肥、芜湖、马鞍山等城市的经济联系最紧密,但网络中还存在不均衡。通过凝聚子群分析得出,网络中存在四个子群,其中芜湖、马鞍山联系最紧密,边缘区城市间经济联系较少。结合皖江城市带空间经济联系的网络特征,从内、外两方面,抽象出其经济联系的优化方向。     

CULTURAL IDENTITY AND KNOWLEDGE CREATION IN COSMOPOLITAN CITIES*

ABSTRACT We study how the city system is affected by the possibility for the members of the same cultural diaspora to interact across different cities. In so doing, we propose a simple two‐city model with two mobile cultural groups. A localized externality fosters the productivity of individuals when groups interact in a city. At the same time, such interaction dilutes cultural identities and reduces the consumption of culture‐specific goods and services. We show that the two groups segregate in different cities when diaspora members find it hard to communicate at distance whereas they integrate in multicultural cities when communication is easy. The model generates situations in which segregation is an equilibrium but is Pareto dominated by integration.     

省域城市网络中心性测度及比较研究——以江苏省和广东省的对比分析为例

城市网络中心性是衡量城市地位、分析城市体系的重要概念.本文在剖析中心性理论内涵的演化后,提出网络中心性应当同时体现规模等级和要素流动的水平.通过区分静态网络和联系网络,论文构建了基于规模数据和流动数据的网络中心性评价体系,并以江苏、广东为例进行实证分析.研究发现:①从规模和联系两类城市网络中心性的视角识别首位城市是有效...     

WHY ARE SMART CITIES GROWING? WHO MOVES AND WHO STAYS*

ABSTRACT This paper examines why smart cities are growing by investigating who moves to smart cities and who stays. Smart cities are often centers of higher education, so students moving to pursue higher education may play an important role. I find that the greater in‐migration to smart cities is mostly due to persons enrolled in higher education. Smart cities are growing in part because in‐migrants often stay in the city after completing their education. The growth of smart cities is also mostly attributable to population redistribution within the same state and has little effect on population growth at the state level.     

论西安历史文化名城的可持续性保护

保护历史文化名城已为人们所普遍关注,可持续发展理念是处理发展与保护过程中矛盾的基本手段,为克服城市诸多矛盾与问题提供了基本的思路。文章分析了西安历史文化名城保护中的主要问题,指出西安应从城市的发展战略、规划布局、城市设计等方面统筹历史文化名城的保护,综合协调城市社会经济发展和历史文化遗产保护的关系,现代城市建设有机承继城市的历史文化精神。     

武汉都市圈经济社会要素流的空间分析

都市圈城际经济联系与相互作用空间表现形式为城市间、城市-区域间的人流、物流、信息流、资金流、技术流等经济社会要素流。基于城际功能集散效应影响量建立城市流模型:F=NE,揭示出:武汉都市圈各中心城市经济社会要素流强度空间差异明显,对外经济联系呈现显著规模等级分布,空间结构上已经形成以武汉为中心的"鞍形"圈层结构。通过统计数据,利用SPSS统计软件,从实证角度分析得出:武汉成为圈域经济社会要素流集散中心,城际经济社会要素流不同程度表现出以武汉为中心的"等级放射状"空间格局。     

The Road Not Taken. Effects of residential mobility on local electoral turnout

Although the effects of population stability on electoral turnout rates are relatively well-known, the role of the characteristics of hosting cities in this relationship are largely unexplored. This paper analyzes the moderating effect of city size on the relationship between residential mobility and electoral turnout. Residential mobility is known to depress civic engagement and political participation at the local level. We argue that this relationship is moderated by the characteristics of hosting cities, approached through city size. The main argument is that smaller cities offer better chances to newcomers to reconnect to the political process. Working with census data from more than 5500 different municipalities, we find that city size has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between residential mobility and turnout. On the one hand, residential mobility and city size do have separate negative effects on turnout, but on the other, the expected negative effects of mobility on turnout are actually stronger in larger than in smaller municipalities. Results indicate, therefore, that smaller communities not only provide more favorable conditions for political participation to their life-long residents, but they also seem to offer newcomers better chances to reconnect to the political process than larger cities.     

大城市旅游结构性增长的驱动力——基于广州和西安的比较研究

以广州和西安两个省会大城市为例,通过比较广州和西安旅游人数和旅游收入的增长差异,指出广州城市旅游呈现显著的结构性增长,而西安城市旅游的结构性增长不明显。进一步基于层次与等级的旅游供给分析框架,解释大城市旅游结构性增长的驱动力。研究表明,城市功能和地位的提升是大城市旅游的结构性增长的主导驱动力。大城市要实现旅游的结构性增长,要重点提升旅游相关的城市功能和地位,如政治、文化、现代服务业、交通、商业和城市接待功能等,并配合旅游核心要素的建设以及旅游主题和特色的营造。结构性增长是判断大城市旅游发展效率的重要指标,也是指导大城市旅游发展的重要参照。     

福建省投资环境竞争力空间过程与驱动因素分析

构建福建省地级市投资环境竞争力评价指标体系,为GIS环境地级市多边形的主要属性,以2000-2007年福建统计年鉴为主要数据源,建立时态空间数据库。通过"时空同时归一"的指标变换方法定义投资环境相对竞争力,使不同指标"等价"与引入时空统一标准,选择时间序列、截面权变显著的经因子分析确定权矩阵,进行变权法三维评价,利用序列快照模型表达、逼近福建省投资环境竞争力空间过程,通过基于数据的空间过程因子识别技术,进行驱动因素分析,为优化福建省投资环境提供调控依据。     

SPREAD AND BACKWASH EFFECTS FOR NONMETROPOLITAN COMMUNITIES IN THE U.S.

Few studies empirically estimate the effects of metropolitan growth on nonmetropolitan communities at a national scale. This paper estimates the growth effects of 276 MSAs on population in 1,988 nonmetropolitan communities in the United States from 2000 to 2007. We estimate the distance for growth spillovers from MSAs to nonmetropolitan communities and test the assumption that a single MSA influences growth. We compare three methods of weighting cities’ influence: nearest city only, inverse‐distance, and relative commuting flow to multiple cities. We find the inverse‐distance approach provides slightly more reliable and theoretically supportable results than the traditional nearest city approach.     

全球城市的研究脉络、理论论争与前沿领域

全球城市是控制和影响全球政治经济文化的枢纽型城市。系统梳理中外全球城市研究热点、理论争论及研究领域演化,比较东西方全球城市研究视角提出新国际形势下全球城市研究前沿及其可能范式。研究发现：①全球城市被分为超全球城市、新兴全球城市及全球城市国家三类,重点探讨了全球城市的起源与概念、成长机理与类型划分、规模—网络—等级和专业化分工等;②中国学界从引介世界城市概念及其识别指标、形成机制等领域逐渐转向全球城市的功能与作用、比较与评价、培育策略等。③新全球化形势下全球城市研究应关注尺度（政治）与全球城市构建、动力、制度与培育实践导向三层次展望提出世界形势变革背景下全球城市研究重点。     

基于引力模型的关中城市间联系测度分析

在新一轮西部大开发进程中,为提升关中城市群整体实力,需要对关中城市间经济联系度进行科学测量,找出其中存在的问题、原因与解决对策。本文借鉴国内外学者分析城市间联系测度的方法,以标准引力模型为基础,在对关中城市的中心等级进行科学划分和可达性分析的基础上,测量了关中城市间的联系程度,找出关中城市群发展的现存问题,并提出从行政区划适当调整、发展规划与组织协调、财政体制完善、壮大县域经济发展等方面来促进关中城市群发展。