REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
The Architecture of Scottish Government. From Kingship to Parliamentary Democracy .
Mercy and Authority in the Tudor State .
Intrigue and Treason .
The Government of Scotland .
The History of the Scottish Parliament, Volume Two. Parliament and Politics in Scotland, 1567–1707 .
The Politics of Commonwealth. Citizens and Freemen in Early Modern England .
Machiavelli, Hobbes, and the Formation of a Liberal Republicanism in England .
Restoration. Charles II and his Kingdoms, 1660–1685 .
William III, the Stadholder-King .
Enlightenment Prelate. Benjamin Hoadly, 1676–1761 .
The Pamphlet Controversy about Wood's Halfpence (1722–25) and the Tradition of Irish Constitutional Nationalism .
Problems and Perspectives in Irish History since 1800. Essays in Honour of Patrick Buckland .
Reform and Reformers in Nineteenth Century Britain .
The Whig Revival, 1808–1830 .
Harcourt and Son. A Political Biography of Sir William Harcourt, 1827–1904 .
Baldwin Papers. A conservative Statesman, 1908–1947 .
Labour's Crass Roots. Essays on the Activities of Local Labour Parties and Members, 1918–45 .
Controversial Issues in Anglo-Irish Relations, 1920–1921 .     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Reform and Revival: English Government in Ireland 1470–1534. By Steven G. Ellis.
Anti-Calvinists.: The Rise of English Arminianism 1590–1640. By Nicholas Tyacke.
Archbishop William Laud. By Charles Carlton.
Politics, Society and Civil War in Warwickshire, 1620–1660. By Ann Hughes.
Soldiers and Statesmen: The General Council of the Army and its Debates, 1647–1648. By Austin Woolrych.
London Crowds in the Reign of Charles II: Propaganda and Politics from the Restoration until the Exclusion Crisis. By Tim Harris.
John Locke's Liberalism. By Ruth W. Grant.
The Political Philosophy of Edmund Burke. By Iain Hampsher-Monk.
Liberal Anglican Politics: Whiggery, Religion and Reform 1830–1841. By Richard Brent.
Peel and the Victorians. By Donald Read.
Politics and the Churches in Great Britain 1869 to 1921. By G. I. T. Machin.
Corruption in British Politics 1895–1930. By G. R. Searle.
Éamon de Valera. By Owen Dudley Edwards.
Road to Victory: Winston S. Churchill 1941–1945. By Martin Gilbert.
The First Thatcher Government 1979–83: Contemporary Conservatism and Economic Change. By Martin Holmes.     

'Mark one or more': Counting and projecting by race on US Census 2000 and beyond

In 1997, the US Government revised its standards for the collection of data on race. Previous US government practice dating back to the first US Census in 1790 forced people into mutually exclusive categories. The new policy allows people to identify themselves as being of more than one race. The 2000 Census is the first major national data collection exercise to use this new system and its results will reveal both the promise and the perils of the new system. On the positive side, the new scheme allows people who think of themselves as 'mixed' to be counted as such in official data. However, multiple race responses complicate efforts to count minority populations eligible for civil protection and voting rights laws. Furthermore, the new systems pose new opportunities and challenges for social scientists concerned with the measurement of ethnic and racial inequality. The paper ends with a discussion of the implications of the new rules for the imagination of America's ethno-racial future through population projections.     

THE DISTRIBUTION OF ENGLISH IN UPPER CANADA 1851–1871

Studies of British peoples in Upper Canada have emphasized the Irish and Scots rather than the English despite the fact that in 1871 439,429 people - 27 per cent of Ontario residents - claimed English ancestry (Clarke and McLeod 1974; Houston and Smyth 1980; Akenson 1984). Those of English nativity constituted 28 per cent of foreign-born in the same year (Census of Canada 1871). Two decades earlier, in 1851, the English-born numbered 82,699, and they had increased to 124,062 by 1871. The overall proportion of those of English birth remained quite uniform, at approximately 8 per cent throughout the twenty-year period.     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Society and Environment in New Zealand edited by R. J. Johnston Australian Urban and Regional Development by Frank J. B. Stilwell, Sydney at the Census: 1971; A Social Atlas by R. J. Davis and Peter Spearritt, Lae: Village and City by Ian Willis The Agricultural Systems of the World: An Evolutionary Approach by D. B. Grigg     

THE DATING OF RELIEF-PATTERNED FLUE-TILES

The use of relief-patterned flue-tiles in Roman Britain falls into three main periods: c. 75–90, c. 120–25, and c. 155–75. The assignment of particular dies to each of these periods is examined. The nature of the industry and the specialised functions of particular types of tiles are discussed within the chronological framework. An appendix deals with the sequence of tiletypes used at Fishbourne and a chronological difficulty involving Fishbourne and the Chichester thermae.     

IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES ON THE U.S. ECONOMY

A rapid deterioration in the quality of the environment in the United States has compelled the Government to take a series of actions, including the enactment of remedial legislation. However, the environmental protection measures taken have begun to markedly influence the country's economy, resulting in redistribution of some industries, e.g., the coal mining industry, and in a reduction in the output of some products, for example, a decline in lead production due to the use of nonleaded gasoline. The problems of environmental protection are not purely natural-scientific or technological, but also socio-economic and, hence, class problems. In a capitalist society, environmental protection measures have to be implemented under conditions of sharp conflict between a public value, such as the environment, and private ownership of the means of production, which pollute that environment. (The paper is based largely on materials gathered by the author during a stay of nearly six months in 1974–75 at the University of Illinois. The translation is by R. Bruce Wood, University of Illinois, Urbana.)     

The U.S. Intervention in Guatemala: The Documentary Record

U.S. Department of State . Foreign Relations of the United States , 1952 – 1954 : Guatemala . Washington, DC : U.S. Government Printing Office , 2003 . 461 pp. $ (hardcover).     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
'Observations, Rules and Orders of the House of Commons': An Early Procedural Collection. Edited by W. R. McKay.
Clerks in the House of Commons 1363–1989: A Biographical List. By W. R. McKay.
English Politics in the Thirteenth Century. By Michael Prestwich.
The Governance of Late Medieval England, 1272–1461. By A. L. Brown.
Mary Tudor: A Life. By David Loades.
Elizabeth I. By Christopher Haigh.
The Writings of William Walwyn. Edited by Jack R. McMichael and Barbara Taft.
The Cavalier Parliament and the Reconstruction of the Old Regime, 1661–1667. By Paul Seaward.
Letters of George Lockhart of Carnwath, 1698–1732 . Edited by Daniel Szechi.
An Economic History of the English Poor Law, 1750. By George R. Boyer.
Government and Expertise: Specialists, Administrators and Professionals, 1860–1919. Edited by Roy MacLeod.
Katharine Atholl 1874–1960: Against the Tide . By S. J. Hetherington.
The Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy. By David Cannadine.     

The urban paradox of a stranger

Rubén E. Reina. Paraná: Social Boundaries in an Argentine City. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1974. xxiv + 390 pp. Figures, tables, illustrations, maps, bibliography, and index. $10.00.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
From Reformation to Improvement. Public Welfare in Early Modern England. By Paul Slack.
The Polarisation of Elizabethan Politics. The Political Career of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex 1585–1597. By Paul E.J. Hammer.
The Stuart Parliaments 1603–1689 . By David L. Smith.
World Enough and Time. The Life of Andrew Marv dl. By Nicholas Murray.
The Age of Faction. Court Politics, 1660–1102. By Alan Marshall.
Radical Whigs and Conspiratorial Politics in Late Stuart England . By Melinda Zook.
Eighteenth Scotland. New Perspectives . Edited by T.M. Devine and J.R. Young
Unionist-Nationalism. Governing Urban Scotland, 1830–60 . By Graeme Morton.
An Appetite for Power. A History of the Conservative Party Since 1830 . By John Ramsden.
Gladstone. Heroic Minister 1865–1898 . By Richard Shannon.
Salisbury. Victorian Titan . By Andrew Roberts.
The Politics of Retirement in Britain, 1878–1948 . By John Macnicol.
Churchill. His Radical Decade . By Malcolm Hill.
Bonar Law . By R.J.Q. Adams. London: John Murray.
The British Conservative Party in the Age of Universal Suffrage, Popular Conservatism, 1919–1929 . By Neal McCrillis.
Labour in Crisis. The Second Labour Government 1929–1931 . By Neil Riddell.
Thatcherism and British Politics 1975–1999 . By Brendan Evans.
British Parliamentary Election Results 1983–1997 . Compiled and edited by Colin Railings and Michael Thrasher
Governing Scotland: Problems and Prospects. The Economic Impact of the Scottish Parliament . Edited by John McCarthy and David Newlands     

China's Cities: Tradition and change

Mark Elvin and G. William Skinner, eds. The Chinese City Between Two Worlds. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1974. xiii + 458 pp. Tables, maps, notes, character list, and index. $18.75.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Lay Taxes in England and Wales 1188–1688. By M. Jurkowski, C. L. Smith and D. Crook.
Images of Rule. Art and Politics in the English Renaissance, 1485–1649. By David Howarth.
Inventing a Republic. The Political Culture of the English Commonwealth, 1649–1653. By Sean Kelsey.
Tudor Government. Structures of Authority in the Sixteenth Century. By David Loades.
The History of the Reign of King Henry VII and Selected Works. By Francis Bacon. Edited by Brian Vickers.
The English Levellers. Edited by Andrew Sharp.
Peerage Creations 1649–1800. A Chronological List of Creations in the Peerages of England and Great Britain. Compiled by J. C. Sainty.
Officials of the Royal Household, 1660–1837. Part 2: Departments of the Lord Steward and the Master of the Horse. Compiled by J. C. Sainty and R. O. Bucholz.
The Early Parties and Politics in Britain, 1688–1832. By Brian Hill.
Divided Loyalties, The Question of the Oath for Irish Catholics in the Eighteenth Century. By Patrick Fagan.
Maps of the Mediterranean Regions. Published in British Parliamentary Papers 1801–1921. By Susan Gole.
Print Politics. The Press and Radical Opposition in Early Nineteenth-Century England. By Kevin Gilmartin.
Gladstone. Edited by Peter J. Jagger.
The Mid-Victorian Generation 1846–1886. By K. Theodore Hoppen.
Benjamin Disraeli Letters. Volume Six, 1852–1856. Edited by M. G. Wiebe, Mary S. Millar and Ann P. Robson.
Irish Home Rule 1867–1921. By Alan O'Day.
Facing Fascism. The Conservative Party and the European Dictators, 1935–1940. By N. J. Crowson.     

Communication in context

Dell Hymes. Foundations in Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1974. x + 245 pp. Tables, diagrams, bibliography, and index. $5.95 (paper).

Albert E. Scheflen. How Behavior Means: Exploring the Contexts of Speech and Meaning: Kinesics, Posture, Interaction, Setting, and Culture. Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Press, 1974. xii + 222 pp. Figures, bibliography, and index. $2.50 (paper).     

SONIC GEOGRAPHY, PLACE AND RACE IN THE FORMATION OF LOCAL IDENTITY: LIVERPOOL AND SCOUSERS

The concept of identity has attracted significant academic attention. This article unpacks what constitutes the Scouse identity, how it is constructed and its different dimensions, with particular reference to place, phonology and race . Its novelty lies in developing the underused concept of "sonic geography" to examine the extent to which sound, for example a distinctive accent and/or dialect, affects the construction of local identity. Empirically this is conducted through a detailed analysis of the Scouse, or Liverpudlian, identity. The article also deploys the concept of "sonic exclusion" to examine the role a distinguishing vernacular plays in shaping local identity and the extent to which it determines "who is in" and "who is out" as a Scouser. The conclusion is that an effective understanding of a Scouser is not only spatial – someone born in Liverpool – because the sonoric landscape of spoken Scouse, and thereby Scouse identity, extends beyond the contemporary political and geographic boundaries of the City of Liverpool.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
The Chief Governors: The Rise and Fall of Reform Government in Tudor Ireland, 1536–1588. By Ciaran Brady.
Natural Rights and the New Republicanism. By Michael P. Zuckert.
Lords of the Ascendancy. The Irish House of Lords and its Members 1600–1800. By Francis G. James.
Oliver Cromwell. By Peter Gaunt.
British Parliamentary Lists, 1660–1800. A Register. Edited by G. M. Ditchfield, David Hayton and Clyve Jones.
The Suffolk Poll Book 1710. (Raymonds Original Poll Books.) Exeter: S. A. and M. J. Raymond.
The Suffolk Poll Book 1790. (Raymonds Original Poll Books.) Exeter: S. A. and M. J. Raymond.
Lords of Parliament. Studies, 1714–1914. Edited by R. W. Davis.
The Sense of the People: Politics, Culture and Imperialism in England, 1715–1785. By Kathleen Wilson.
British 'Non-Elite' MPs, 1715–1820. By Ian R. Christie.
The Patriot Opposition to Walpole. Politics, Poetry, and National Myth, 1725–1742. By Christine Gerrard.
The Birth of Romantic Radicalism: War, Popular Politics and English Radical Reformism 1800–15. By Peter Spence.
Henry Brougham and his World: A Biography. By Trowbridge H. Ford.
Modern Wales. Politics, Places and People. By Kenneth O. Morgan.
The Liberal Ascendancy, 1830–1886. By T. A. Jenkins.
A Selection from the Diaries of Edward Henry Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby (1826–93) between September 1869 and March 1878. Edited by John Vincent.
The Age of Upheaval. Edwardian Politics 1899–1914. By David Brooks.
A Lonely Grave: The Life and Death of William Redmond. By Terence Denman.
Churchill and the Politics of War, 1940–1941. By Sheila Lawlor.
England Arise! The Labour Party and Popular Politics in the 1940s. By Steven Fielding, Peter Thompson and Nick Tiratsoo.     

Book reviews

The New South Pacific. By R. G. Crocombe. Canberra, Australian National University Press, 1973. 130 pp. $A4–50.

Lae Village and City. By Ian Willis. Melbourne, Melbourne University Press, 1974. 173 pp. $10.80.

Fijian Way of Life. By Kingslev Roth. Second Edition with a new Introduction by G. B. Milner. Melbourne, Oxford University Press, 1973. XXXIX, 176 pp. $6.00.

Contention and Dispute: Aspects of Law and Social Control in Melanesia. Edited by A. L. Epstein. Canberra, Australian National University Press, 1974. 354 pp. $11.95.

A new system of slavery: the export of Indian labour overseas 1830–1920. By Hugh Tinker. London, New York, Bombay, Oxford University Press, 1974. xvi, 432.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Scenes from Provincial Life: Knightly Families iri Sussex 1280–1400 . By Nigcl Saul.
Parliament and the Crown in the Reign of Mary Tudor . By Jennifer Loach.
Mary Stewart, Queen in Three Kingdoms . Edited by Michael Lynch
The Forced Loan and English Politics 1626–1628 . By Richard Cust.
Reluctant Revolutionaries: Englishmen and the Revolution of 1688 . By W. A. Speck.
A Kingdom without a King: The Journal of the Provisional Government in the Revolution of 1688 . Edited by Robert Beddard.
A Parliamentary History of the Glorious Revolution . Edited by David Lcwis Jones.
War and Economy in the Age of William III and Marlborough . By D. W. Jones.
Robert Harley: Speaker, Secretary of state and Premier Minister . By Brian W. Hill.
London Newspapers in the Age of Walpole. A Study of the Origins of the Modern English Press . By Michael Harris.
Lord Bute: Essays in Reinterpretation . Edited by Karl W. Schweizer.
Subject Catalogue of the House of Commons Parliamentary Papers 1801–1900 Edited by Petcr Cockton.
Patronage and Principle: A Political History of Modern Scotland . By Michael Fry.
Party and Politics, 1830–1852 . By Robert Stewart.
Later Victorian Britain 1867–1900 . Edited by T. R. Gourvish and Alan O'Day.
Florence Arnold-Forster's Irish Journal . Edited by T. W. Moody and R. A. J. Hawkins
The Climax of Liberal Politics: British Liberalism in Theory and Practice 1868–1918 . By Michael Bentley.
The Secret Lives of Trebitsch Lincoln . By Bernard Wasserstein.
The House of Lords . By Donald Shell.     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Tudor Ireland: Crown, Community and the Conflict of Cultures 1470–1603. By Steven G. Ellis.
The Reign of Elizabeth I . Edited by Christopher Haigh.
The Road to Revolution: Scotland under Charles I, 1625–37. By Maurice Lee, jr.
Dangerous Positions: Mixed Government, the Estates of the Realm, and the Making of the 'Answer to the XIX Propositions'. By Michael Mendle.
The Jewish Community in British Politics. By Geoffrey Alderman.
The Cross of Saint Patrick: The Catholic Unionist Tradition in Ireland. By John Biggs-Davison and George Chowdharay-Best.
English Society 1688–1832: Ideology, Social Structure and Political Practice during the Ancien Regime. (Cambridge Studies in the History and Theory of Politics). By J. C. D. Clark.
Goodwin Wharton. By J. Kent Clark.
The Scottish Enlightenment and the Militia Issue. By John Robertson.
Lord Grenville 1759–1834. By Peter Jupp.
Henry Brougham: His Public Career 1778–1868. By Robert Stewart.
The Ballot Question in Nineteenth-Century English Politics. By Bruce L. Kinzer.
'Orator Hunt: Henry Hunt and English Working-Class Radicalism. By John Belchem.
Catholic Emancipation: Daniel O'Connell and the Birth of Irish Democracy 1820–30. By Fergus O'Ferrall.
Gladstone, Politics and Religion: A Collection of Founder's Day Lectures Delivered at St. Deiniol's Library, Hawarden, 1967–83. Edited by Peter J. Jagger.
The Politics of British Foreign Policy in the Era of Disraeli and Gladstone. By Marvin Swartz.
Austen Chamberlain: Gentleman in Politics. By David Dutton.
The First Labour Party 1906–14. Edited by K. D. Brown.
Victor Grayson: Labour's Lost Leader. By David Clark.
Lloyd George: From Peace to War 1912–1916. By John Grigg.
The Changing Constitution: Edited by Jeffrey Jowell and Dawn Oliver.